Occurrence of imagery and its link with early memories in agoraphobia
Abstract
Recent cognitive models suggest that mental imagery can help us understand the maintenance of anxiety disorders (e.g., de Silva, 1986; Hackmann, Surawy, & Clark, 1998). However, imagery is relatively unexplored within agoraphobia. Such images are also thought to be useful in uncovering memories that occurred around the onset of a disorder (Hackmann, Clark, & McManus, 2000). A total of 20 patients with agoraphobia and 20 matched controls took part in this investigation. Participants described any recurrent images they experienced in agoraphobic situations, and also any associated memories. All patients with agoraphobia (but no control participants) reported having distinct recurrent images in "agoraphobic situations". Most images involved several sensory modalities and in the majority of cases appeared to be linked with unpleasant memories of events experienced many years previously. While these exploratory findings require replication, potential treatment implications are discussed.
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Elevated worries and avoidance behavior has been reported in people with agoraphobia when exposed to catastrophic visuals of infections, deaths, and separation from family.
“Elevated worries and avoidance behavior has been reported in people with agoraphobia, wherever they were exposed to catastrophic visuals of infections, deaths, and separation from family (Day et al., 2004).”
From Understanding coronaphobia (2020) · cites this paper as Day et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Day, S., Holmes, E., & Hackmann, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Holmes, Emily
- Venue
- Memory
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 416-427
- ISSN
- 0965-8211 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0686
- OpenAlex
- W2067681533
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- agoraphobia, mental imagery, early memories, anxiety disorders, cognitive models of anxiety, sensory imagery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Agoraphobia, Anxiety, Cognition, Emotions, Fear, Female, Humans, Imagination, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Relaxation, Sensation, Stress, Psychological
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