Cited by 410Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMemory Processes and InfluencesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: A review of the trauma film paradigm

Holmes, Emily A., Bourne, Corin·2008·Acta Psychologica

Abstract

Highly affect-laden memory intrusions are a feature of several psychological disorders with intrusive images of trauma especially associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The trauma film paradigm provides a prospective experimental tool for investigating analogue peri-traumatic cognitive mechanisms underlying intrusion development. We review several historical papers and some more recent key studies that have used the trauma film paradigm. A heuristic diagram is presented, designed to simplify predictions about analogue peri-traumatic processing and intrusion development, which can also be related to the processing elements of recent cognitive models of PTSD. Results show intrusions can be induced in the laboratory and their frequency amplified/attenuated in line with predictions. Successful manipulations include competing task type (visuospatial vs. verbal) and use of a cognitive coping strategy. Studies show that spontaneous peri-traumatic dissociation also affects intrusion frequency although attempts to manipulate dissociation have failed. It is hoped that further use of this paradigm may lead to prophylactic training for at risk groups and an improved understanding of intrusions across psychopathologies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.11.002

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Authors
Holmes, E. A., & Bourne, C.
Affiliations
Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Holmes, Emily A.
Venue
Acta Psychologica
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-03
Volume
127
Issue
3
Pages
553-566
ISSN
0001-6918 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2079931701
Cited by
410
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 22
FWCI
23.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Acta Psychologica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Economic and Social Research Council (RES-061-23-0030)
  • Royal Society
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
trauma film paradigm, intrusive memories, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, cognitive coping
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Emotions, Humans, Memory, Motion Pictures, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Imagery, Psychotherapy

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