Enhanced perceptual priming for neutral stimuli in a traumatic context: A pathway to intrusive memories?
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of perceptual priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of "traumatic" and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the "traumatic" stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of perceptual priming in re-experiencing.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Objects that preceded traumatic pictures were more strongly primed than those preceding neutral pictures, as assessed by a blurred picture identification task.
“Consistent with research by Arntz et al. (2005), they showed that objects that preceded traumatic pictures were more strongly primed than those preceding neutral pictures, as assessed by a blurred picture identification task (Ehlers, Michael, Chen, Payne, & Shan, 2006).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Ehlers, Michael, Chen, Payne, & Shan, 2006
Stronger perceptual priming predicted more involuntary intrusion of viewed pictures over the next three months.
“Moreover, stronger perceptual priming predicted more involuntary intrusion of viewed pictures over the next three months.”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Ehlers, Michael, Chen, Payne, & Shan, 2006
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 · Cited by 6,147 · see citing works
Self-citationDetection Theory: A User's Guide
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991) · Cited by 5,415 · see citing works
The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system
Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.2.261 · Cited by 4,089 · see citing works
Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective
Squire, L. R. (2004) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005 · Cited by 2,269 · see citing works
A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T., & Joseph, S. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.670 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research
Terrell, C. D. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510010107047 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1989) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(89)80067-x · Cited by 1,518 · see citing works
Searching for memory: the brain, the mind, and the past
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2465 · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.
Roediger, H. L., III (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.45.9.1043 · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review
Christianson, S.-Å. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.284 · Cited by 1,112 · cited 4× · see citing works
“On the basis of eye-witness research (Christianson, 1992), we expected greater sensitivity for central than for preceding objects.”
BackgroundInfluentialPriming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.
Tulving, E., Schacter, D. L., & Stark, H. A. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.8.4.336 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: Measuring recollection.
Jacoby, L. L., Toth, J. P., & Yonelinas, A. P. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.139 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.
Orr, S. P., Metzger, L. J., Lasko, N. B., Macklin, M. L., Peri, T., & Pitman, R. K. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.2.290 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Intrusive re‐experiencing in post‐traumatic stress disorder: Phenomenology, theory, and therapy
Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., & Michael, T. (2004) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210444000025 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Self-citationA cognitive neuroscience account of posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment
Brewin, C. R. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00087-5 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.3.419 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Southwick, S. M. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160036003 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Murray, J., Ehlers, A., & Mayou, R. A. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.4.363 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Self-citationEhlers, A., Clark, D. M., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Herbert, C., & Mayou, R. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.10.1024 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development
Holmes, E. A., Brewin, C. R., & Hennessy, R. G. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.3 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
An elemental model of associative learning: I. Latent inhibition and perceptual learning
McLaren, I., & Mackintosh, N. (2000) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03200258 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Priming and Multiple Memory Systems: Perceptual Mechanisms of Implicit Memory
Schacter, D. L. (1992) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.244 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
The nature of intrusive memories after trauma: the warning signal hypothesis
Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Steil, R., Clohessy, S., Wenninger, K., & Winter, H. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00077-8 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychophysiologic assessment of aversive conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder
Peri, T., Ben‐Shakhar, G., Orr, S. P., & Shalev, A. Y. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00144-4 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Unwanted memories of assault: what intrusion characteristics are associated with PTSD?
Michael, T., Ehlers, A., Halligan, S. L., & Clark, D. M. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.006 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationSpates, C. R., & Kanfer, F. H. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80115-9 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
直子, 今., エヴァンス, オ., & Ehlers, A. (2002) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00014-9 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationElsesser, K., Sartory, G., & Tackenberg, A. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.289 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Injured Survivors of a Terrorist Attack
Shalev, A. Y. (1992) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199208000-00005 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Cognitive impact of traumatic events
Bower, G. H., & Sivers, H. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579498001795 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Enhanced Priming for Trauma-Related Material in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S. L. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.103 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationImplicit and explicit memory bias for threat in post-traumatic stress disorder
Zeitlin, S. B., & McNally, R. J. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90129-q · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Implicit memory bias for threat in posttraumatic stress disorder
Amir, N., McNally, R. J., & Wiegartz, P. S. (1996) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02227965 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
(1985) · PubMed · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Michael, T., & Ehlers, A. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.012 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory, trauma, and psychotherapy: A cognitive science view.
Siegel, D. J. (1995) · Journal of psychotherapy practice and research/The Journal of psychotherapy practice and research · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Perceptual Implicit Memory for Trauma-related Information in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
McNally, R. (1996) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999396380150 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diamond, D. M., Campbell, A. M., Park, C. R., Halonen, J., & Zoladz, P. R. (2007) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2007/60803 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
“…[233]; Kerr et al. [234]; Jo¨els and de Kloet [235]; Karst and Jo¨els [236]), and suppressed the induction of LTP (Pavlides et al. [237]; Rey et al. [238]; Kerr et al. [175]; Pavlides et al. [143]; Pavlides et al. [144]; Pavlides et al. [145]; Zhou et al. [149]; Alfarez et al. [152]; Krugers et…”
BackgroundSandi, C. (2013) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1222 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Brewin, C. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0033722 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Involuntary Autobiographical Memories
Berntsen, D. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511575921 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Emotion and cognition interactions in PTSD: a review of neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies
Hayes, J. P., VanElzakker, M. B., & Shin, L. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00089 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Zoladz, P. R., & Diamond, D. M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.024 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Memory bias for threatening information in anxiety and anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic review.
Mitte, K. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013343 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
SCHLAGMAN, S., & KVAVILASHVILI, L. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.5.920 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Sartory, G., Cwik, J. C., Knuppertz, H., Schürholt, B., Lebens, M., Seitz, R. J., & Schulze, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058150 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
(2009) · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Marks, E., Franklin, A., & Zoellner, L. (2018) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000132 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Understanding and Treating Unwanted Trauma Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Ehlers, A. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/0044-3409/a000021 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory bias for threatening information related to anxiety: an updated meta-analytic review
Herrera, S., Montorio, I., Cabrera, I., & Botella, J. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2017.1319374 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Perceptual processing advantages for trauma-related visual cues in post-traumatic stress disorder
Kleim, B., Ehring, T. W., & Ehlers, A. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001048 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationBosmans, M. W. G., Hofland, H. W. C., de Jong, A. E. E., & Loey, N. E. E. V. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9638-1 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder: The development of effective psychological treatments
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480802315608 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMichael, T., & Ehlers, A. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.012 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of emotional stress on involuntary and voluntary conscious memories
Hall, N. M., & Berntsen, D. (2008) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210701333271 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gender role conflict and emotional approach coping in men with cancer
Hoyt, M. A. (2009) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440802311330 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Beierl, E. T., Boellinghaus, I., Clark, D. M., Glucksman, E., & Ehlers, A. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002253 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceptual processing during trauma, priming and the development of intrusive memories
Sündermann, O., Hauschildt, M., & Ehlers, A. (2013) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.10.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhanced priming for trauma-related words predicts posttraumatic stress disorder.
Ehring, T., & Ehlers, A. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021080 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) into PTSD Research
Schmidt, U., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neuromodulation of Visual Cortex Reduces the Intensity of Intrusive Memories
Herz, N., Bar‐Haim, Y., Tavor, I., Tik, N., Sharon, H., Holmes, E. A., & Censor, N. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab217 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Information Processing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Ehlers, A., Ehring, T. W., & Kleim, B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399066.013.0014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationEhlers, A. (2015) · Clinical Perspectives On Autobiographical Memory · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139626767.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationPathways to intrusive memories in a trauma analogue paradigm: A structural equation model
Regambal, M. J., & Alden, L. E. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20483 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Naim, R., Wald, I., Lior, A., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., Sheppes, G., Halpern, P., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002456 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ehring, T. W., Kleim, B., & Ehlers, A. (2011) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2011.4.2.165 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationFauerbach, J. A., Lawrence, J., Fogel, J., Richter, L., Magyar‐Russell, G., McKibben, J. B. A., & McCann, U. D. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20439 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Conceptual and perceptual priming and dissociation in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
Lyttle, N., Dorahy, M. J., Hanna, D., & Huntjens, R. J. C. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020894 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
REM theta activity predicts re-experiencing symptoms after exposure to a traumatic film
Sopp, M. R., Brueckner, A. H., Schäfer, S. K., Lass‐Hennemann, J., & Michael, T. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.030 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationPreferential processing of visual trauma-film reminders predicts subsequent intrusive memories
Verwoerd, J., Wessel, I., de Jong, P. J., & Nieuwenhuis, M. M. W. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802457952 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Shkreli, L., Woud, M., Ramsbottom, R., Rupietta, A., Waldhauser, G., Kumsta, R., & Reinecke, A. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0553-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sopp, M. R., Brueckner, A. H., Schäfer, S. K., Lass‐Hennemann, J., & Michael, T. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1644128 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationVerwoerd, J., Wessel, I., & de Jong, P. J. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.563521 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ehlers, A., Mauchnik, J., & Handley, R. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.009 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationTerpou, B. A., Densmore, M., Théberge, J., Thome, J., Frewen, P., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2019) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547019871369 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The long‐term impact of emotionally stressful events on memory characteristics and life story
Thomsen, D. K., & Berntsen, D. (2009) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1495 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pearson, D. G. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effects of acute cortisol administration on perceptual priming of trauma-related material
Holz, E., Lass-Hennemann, J., Streb, M., Pfaltz, M., & Michael, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104864 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAsselbergs, J., van Bentum, J. S., Riper, H. M., Cuijpers, P. J., Holmes, E. A., & Sijbrandij, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.028 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lindgren, K. P., Kaysen, D., Werntz, A., Gasser, M. L., & Teachman, B. (2013) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.03.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dunsmoor, J. E., Kroes, M. C. W., Murty, V. P., Braren, S. H., & Phelps, E. A. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.05.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Krans, J., Pearson, D., Maier, B., & Moulds, M. L. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.09.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Neurophysiological responses to safety signals and the role of cardiac vagal control
Seligowski, A. V., Reffi, A. N., Phillips, K. A., Orcutt, H. K., Auerbach, R. P., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Ressler, K. J. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112914 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, M., Liu, J., Sun, Q., & Zhu, W. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2019.011010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kark, S. M., Slotnick, S. D., & Kensinger, E. A. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107277 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Verwoerd, J., Wessel, I., & de Jong, P. J. (2010) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1687 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Krans, J., Reinecke, A., de Jong, P. J., Näring, G. W. B., & Becker, E. S. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Admon, R., Vaisvaser, S., Erlich, N., Lin, T., Shapira‐Lichter, I., Fruchter, E., Gazit, T., & Hendler, T. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Anti-Intrusion Effect of Lorazepam: An Experimental Study
Lee, H. S., Lee, H.-P., Lee, S. G., Kim, Y., & Choi, Y. (2013) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.273 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Monds, L. A., Paterson, H. M., Ali, S. O., Kemp, R. I., Bryant, R. A., & McGregor, I. S. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1102287 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Electrophysiology of facilitation priming in obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders
Thomas, S. J., Gonsalvez, C. J., & Johnstone, S. J. (2016) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.026 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Blekić, W., Wauthia, É., Arachchige, K. K., Lefèbvre, L., & Rossignol, M. (2020) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000257 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zoladz, P. R. (2008) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Post Trauma Stress Disorder, Pain and Coping Strategies among Burn Patients
Sebaie, S. R. E., Basuony, N. A. E. M., & Abdelfatah, A. E. (2021) · Egyptian Journal of Health Care · doi:10.21608/ejhc.2021.201925 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Schreuder, M., Meyer, T., & Krix, A. C. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Murray, H., Wild, J., & Ehlers, A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00229-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationVerwoerd, J., & Wessel, I. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444328202.ch14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bewältigungsverhalten in Notfallsituationen aus klinisch-psychologischer Perspektive
Kleim, B., Ehring, T. W., Scheel, C. N., Becker-Asano, C., Nebel, B., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000155 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Autobiographical memory retrieval : overgeneral memory and intrusions
Hauer, B. J. A. (2008) · doi:10.26481/dis.20080222bh · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Resilience determinants in women exposed to various degrees of intimate partner violence
Riley, D. (2013) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23207381 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Negative emotional events retroactively disrupt semantic scaffolding of temporal memoryPreprint
McClay, M., Rouhani, N., & Clewett, D. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ahtwn · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Streb, M. (2015) · Publications of the UdS (Saarland University) · doi:10.22028/d291-23406
신지현, & Heon, K. K. (2012) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.3.011
The Impact of Stress on Episodic Memory in the Workplace
Houston, J. E. (2020) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc008894
Barrett-becker, E. P. (2012) · Human Biology
- Authors
- Ehlers, A., Michael, T., Chen, Y. P., Payne, E., & Shan, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Memory
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 316-328
- ISSN
- 0965-8211 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0686
- OpenAlex
- W2000871076
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (069777)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- perceptual priming, re-experiencing symptoms, intrusive memories, post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma, recognition memory, picture stories, neutral stimuli
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Association, Attention, Conditioning, Psychological, Cues, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Stress, Psychological, Visual Perception, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
