The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system

Conway, Martin A.; Pleydell-Pearce, Christopher W.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.2.261

Cited by 4,089Identity, Memory, and TherapyMemory Processes and InfluencesCognitive Functions and Memory

The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system

Conway, Martin A., Pleydell-Pearce, Christopher W.·2000·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.107.2.261

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Abstract

The authors describe a model of autobiographical memory in which memories are transitory mental constructions within a self-memory system (SMS). The SMS contains an autobiographical knowledge base and current goals of the working self. Within the SMS, control processes modulate access to the knowledge base by successively shaping cues used to activate autobiographical memory knowledge structures and, in this way, form specific memories. The relation of the knowledge base to active goals is reciprocal, and the knowledge base "grounds" the goals of the working self. It is shown how this model can be used to draw together a wide range of diverse data from cognitive, social, developmental, personality, clinical, and neuropsychological autobiographical memory research.

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The authors hypothesized that brain areas selectively active during episodic memory recall would mediate self-schema and mental time travel.
“We further hypothesized that brain areas selectively active during episodic memory recall would mediate specific aspects of remembering one's own past experiences including those related to self-schema (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Gallagher, 2000) and mental time travel (Tulving, 2002).”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
The paper says episodic memory can be divided into component processes such as subjective time, self-processing, imagery, semantic retrieval, multimodal detail, and familiarity.
“Thus episodic memory recall can be conceptually divided into a number of component processes including a sense of subjective time (Tulving, 2002), self-processing (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000), visual imagery (Rubin et al., 2003), narrative structure (Rubin et al., 2003), retrieval of semantic information (Wheeler et al., 1997) and multi-modal details (Wheeler et al., 2000; Gottfried et al., 2004), and feelings of familiarity (Wagner et al., 2005).”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
The introduction states that episodic recollection is usually treated as a reconstructive process rather than a perfect replay.
“Recollection of this type of memory is widely accepted to be a reconstructive process”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
Real memories are reconstructed along very similar lines to the way imagined events are constructed.
“Given this, it would seem reasonable to propose that real memories are reconstructed along very similar lines to the way imagined events are constructed, dovetailing with the idea that memory is (re)constructive in nature (Bartlett, 1932; Schacter et al., 1998; Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Rubin et al., 2003; Hassabis and Maguire, 2007; Schacter and Addis, 2007).”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
Using rich imaginary memories as a well-matched comparison task allowed isolation of processes specific to episodic memory, such as use of self-schema, sense of familiarity, and mental time travel.
“Moreover, by utilising rich imaginary memories as a well-matched comparison task we were able to isolate processes specific to episodic memory, such as the use of self-schema (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Gallagher, 2000), a sense of familiarity and mental time travel (Tulving, 2002).”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000

Dissociation is thought to interfere with a coherent encoding of salient events, leading to a fragmentation (compartmentalization) of memory.
“Dissociation is thought to interfere with a coherent encoding of salient events [35–37], leading to a fragmentation (compartmentalization) of memory”
From Dissociation and Alterations in Brain Function and Structure: Implications for Borderline Personality Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [35]
Perceptual information has been identified as belonging to the lowest or most specific level in an influential model of autobiographical knowledge that incorporates a hierarchy of specificity: lifetime periods, general events, and event-specific knowledge.
“Perceptual information has been identified as belonging to the lowest or most specific level in an influential model of autobiographical knowledge that incorporates a hierarchy of specificity: lifetime periods, general events, and event-specific knowledge (M. A. Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as M. A. Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
These cognitive effects of cannabis include a loosening of associations, fragmentation of thought, and heightened distractibility.
“These effects include a loosening of associations, fragmentation of thought, and heightened distractibility.”
From Hazy memories in the courtroom: A review of alcohol and other drug effects on false memory and suggestibility (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
High densities of cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus and cortex have been suggested as playing a role in the cognitive effects of cannabis.
“High densities of cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus and cortex have been suggested as playing a role in the cognitive effects of cannabis (26).”
From Hazy memories in the courtroom: A review of alcohol and other drug effects on false memory and suggestibility (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Level 2 cognition is capable of retrieving prior autobiographical experiences and connecting these with new experiences in a coherent self-memory system.
“In addition, Level 2 cognition is capable of retrieving prior autobiographical experiences and connecting these with new experiences in a coherent self-memory system (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000; Kuhl et al., 2015).”
From Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance (2016) · cites this paper as Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
Autobiographical memories do not exist in isolation but are integrated into larger and hierarchically structured units.
“Importantly, autobiographical memories do not exist in isolation but are integrated into larger and hierarchically structured units.”
From Understanding Autobiographical Memory in the Digital Age: The AMEDIA-Model (2024) · cites this paper as Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
Autobiographical memories can often be condensed into general events, which are related to certain lifetime periods, which are in turn related to personally important themes.
“More specifically, autobiographical memories can often be condensed into general events, which are related to certain lifetime periods, which are in turn related to personally important themes (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000;Conway, 2005).”
From Understanding Autobiographical Memory in the Digital Age: The AMEDIA-Model (2024) · cites this paper as Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000
People tend to remember better life-episodes that are distinct and personally meaningful and relate to the self or self-consciousness.
“It has been well demonstrated that people tend to remember better those life-episodes, which are distinct and personally meaningful and, of importance for the present study, relate to the self or self-consciousness [21,24,28,30,124–126].”
From First-person view of one’s body in immersive virtual reality: Influence on episodic memory (2019) · cites this paper as [21]
The interaction between self-concept and memory might be dynamic and reciprocal; retrieval of negative events may influence current self-concept.
“However, the interaction between self-concept and memory might be dynamic and reciprocal, as the retrieval of negative events may influence the person's sense of who they are currently (Conway & Pleydell-Price, 2000).”
From Narcissus locked in the past: vulnerable narcissism and the negative views of the past. (2021) · cites this paper as Conway & Pleydell-Price, 2000
Vulnerable narcissists' current self-concept reconstructs past memories and the past reconstructs their self.
“Thus, the vulnerable narcissists' current selfconcept reconstructs past memories and the past reconstructs their self (Conway & Pleydell-Price, 2000).”
From Narcissus locked in the past: vulnerable narcissism and the negative views of the past. (2021) · cites this paper as Conway & Pleydell-Price, 2000

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Authors: Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W.
Affiliations: At Bristol (GB)
ORCID: Conway, Martin A.
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000
Volume: 107
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-288
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.107.2.261
OpenAlex: W2143068456
Cited by: 4,089
References: 240
Citations by year: 2026: 195 · 2025: 180 · 2024: 219 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 192 · 2021: 228 · 2020: 203 · 2019: 199 · 2018: 222 · 2017: 208 · 2016: 193 · 2015: 220 · 2014: 182 · 2013: 199 · 2012: 197
FWCI: 86.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: autobiographical memory, memory construction, knowledge base, memory retrieval
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Brain, Cues, Emotions, Humans, Functional Laterality, Memory, Self Concept, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system

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