The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sharing Versus Pseudo-Sharing in Web 2.0
Abstract
The Internet has opened up a new era in sharing. There has also been an explosion of studies and writings about sharing via the Internet. This includes a series of books, articles, and web discussions on the topic. However, many of these apparent cases of sharing are better characterized as pseudo-sharing — commodity exchanges wrapped in a vocabulary of sharing. The present paper reviews subsequent research and theorizing as well as controversies that have emerged surrounding sharing and what is best regarded as pseudo-sharing — a wolf-insheep’s-clothing phenomenon whereby commodity exchange and potential exploitation of consumer co-creators present themselves in the guise of sharing. The paper begins with a pair of vignettes that highlight some of the contested meanings of sharing. By detailing four types of pseudo-sharing and four types of sharing that are specifically enabled or enhanced by Internet technologies, the paper argues that pseudo-sharing is distinguished by the presence of profit motives, the absence of feelings of community, and expectations of reciprocity. It concludes with a discussion of theoretical, practical, and ethical implications of pseudo-sharing and offer suggestions for future research.
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“These innovations have created new alternatives for sharing, for both communal and utilitarian purposes, simplifying the process compared to pre-accessible internet age (Belk 2014).”
From A cross-cultural study of nonprofit self-organized ridesharing (2024) · cites this paper as Belk 2014
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“…la marca; por otro lado, el sistema de mercado el sistema de mercado «prosumición», representado por estudios relacionados con la economía colaborativa (Belk, 2014), busca, mediante el uso de redes sociales y plataformas colaborativas, la interacción de individuos llamados «prosumidores» dentro de…”
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Digital Micro-entrepreneurship in Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Sector: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Munasinghe, L. M., Gunawardhana, T., Wickramaarachchi, N. C., & Ariyawansa, R. G. (2022) · Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research · doi:10.34001/jmer.2021.12.02.2-22 · Cited by 4
“Airbnb hosts could be thought of as microentrepreneurs who engage in fictitious sharing (Belk, 2014b) and engage in micro competitive platform capitalism, driven by the review function as a surveillance mechanism (Meged & Christensen, 2017).”
BackgroundSharing Seoul: Going Global with Sharing Economy Innovations
Robinson, T., & Ji, M. (2022) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13595-8_7 · Cited by 4
Light, A. (2022) · Ubiquity Press eBooks · doi:10.5334/bct.b · Cited by 4
Shareish (Share & Cherish): an open-source, map-based, web platform to foster mutual aid
Guilliams, A., Rubens, U., Banneux, F., Chapeau, P., & Marée, R. (2023) · International Conference on Communities and Technologies (C&T) · doi:10.1145/3593743.3593790 · Cited by 4
Kiracı, H. (2017) · Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi · doi:10.18092/ulikidince.321984 · Cited by 4
Lichter, D., & Weiber, R. (2019) · Forum Dienstleistungsmanagement · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-26389-8_14 · Cited by 4
Optar pelo Consumo Colaborativo Pode Aumentar seu Bem-Estar?
Ubal, V. O., & Lazarin, L. R. (2019) · Revista Administração em Diálogo - RAD · doi:10.23925/2178-0080.2019v21i2.39719 · Cited by 4
Herrmann-Fankhaenel, A., & Huesig, S. (2020) · International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management · doi:10.1142/s0219877020500315 · Cited by 4
Resiliencia del mercado turístico urbano ante la crisis de la COVID-19. El caso de Málaga.
Benítez-Aurioles, B. (2022) · Revista de Estudios Andaluces · doi:10.12795/rea.2022.i43.04 · Cited by 3
Sharing Economy: A State-of-the-Art Survey
Yang, Z., Ma, L., & Zhang, Z. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation and Social Science (ICEISS 2018) · doi:10.2991/iceiss-18.2018.103 · Cited by 4
“Belk (2014) compares the characteristics of four types of authenticity sharing, pointing out that there are three main differences between sharing and pseudo-sharing: whether there is the interest motive, whether there is a feeling of community, whether there is a sense of reciprocity [2].”
BackgroundSalvia, G., Morello, E., & Arcidiacono, A. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-989-0 · Cited by 4
A cross-cultural study of nonprofit self-organized ridesharing
Shoshany-Tavory, S., Trop, T., & Shiftan, Y. (2024) · Transportation · doi:10.1007/s11116-022-10347-z · Cited by 4
“These innovations have created new alternatives for sharing, for both communal and utilitarian purposes, simplifying the process compared to pre-accessible internet age (Belk 2014).”
Trust Mechanisms in the Sharing Economy
Alvi, T. H., Tariq, S., Rashid, A., & Khan, M. Q. (2025) · Pakistan Business Review · doi:10.22555/pbr.v26i3.1284 · Cited by 3
“…are other beyond-the-platform third-party companies, like Trust Cloud (https:// www.trustcloud.ai) and Traity 3 (https://traity.com/), attempting to offer reputational rat-ings that can be used across different platforms (Belk, 2014a; Botsman, 2017), thus making the reputational capital portable.”
Nawaz, Z., Talib, M. N. A., & Abbas, A. (2024) · Human Systems Management · doi:10.3233/hsm-240049 · Cited by 3
“The sharing economy concept emerged from the barter system [26].”
Is it really mine? Contamination concerns for second-hand goods
Kumar, S., & Khandeparkar, K. (2025) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-10-2024-5514 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Belk, R.
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Belk, Russell
- ORCID
- Belk, Russell
- Venue
- The Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Kamla Raj Enterprises
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-23
- ISSN
- 0972-0073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2184849112
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 126.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Anthropologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Sharing Economy and Platforms
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Knowledge Management and Sharing
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- sharing, Web 2.0, commodity exchange, customer co-creation, profit motive, reciprocity, community, ethics of sharing, internet technologies
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