The clinical impact of growth differentiation factor-15 in heart disease: A 2019 update
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) has been identified as a biomarker of response to treatment and prognosis in cardiovascular diseases. GDF-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is involved in several pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal diseases. Cardiac myocytes produce and secrete GDF-15 in response to oxidative stress, stimulation with angiotensin II or proinflammatory cytokines, ischemia, and mechanical stretch. Other cellular sources of GDF-15 production are macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, which secrete GDF-15 in response to oxidative or metabolic stress or stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. GDF-15 is induced in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy after volume overload, ischemia, and heart failure. GDF-15 can be used as a marker of prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disorders, in combination with conventional prognostic factors, such as N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT).
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Elevated circulating GDF-15 levels are associated with more severe disease or higher mortality in people with DM2, insulin resistance, hemodialysis, cachexia, cardiovascular diseases, COPD, VTE, cancer, or obesity.
“Elevated circulating GDF-15 levels have been associated with more severe disease or higher mortality in people with DM2, insulin resistance, hemodialysis, cachexia, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), venous thromboembolism (VTE), cancer, or obesity (28–34).”
From GDF-15 as a Weight Watcher for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People Treated With Metformin (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Arkoumani, M., Papadopoulou-Marketou, N., Nicolaides, N. C., Kanaka-Gantenbein, C., Tentolouris, N., & Papassotiriou, I.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Laiko” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Children's Hospital Agia Sophia (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Papassotiriou, Ioannis
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-10-30
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-125
- ISSN
- 1040-8363 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-781X
- OpenAlex
- W2982693936
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- growth differentiation factor 15, MIC-1, NAG-1, cardiovascular biomarkers, prognosis, heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, TGF-beta superfamily, oxidative stress, inflammation, NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity troponin T
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Heart Failure, Humans, Inflammation, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Myocytes, Cardiac, Growth Differentiation Factor 15
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