Cited by 474GDF15 and Related BiomarkersCardiac Fibrosis and RemodelingApelin-related biomedical research

GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective

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Adela, Ramu, Banerjee, Sanjay K.·2015·Journal of Diabetes Research

Abstract

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. Increased GDF-15 levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases in diabetes. Increased GDF-15 level is linked with the progression and prognosis of the disease condition. Age, smoking, and environmental factors are other risk factors that may increase GDF-15 level. Most of the scientific studies reported that GDF-15 plays a protective role in different tissues. However, few reports show that the deficiency of GDF-15 is beneficial against vascular injury and inflammation. GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways. The present review describes the different animal and clinical studies and patent updates of GDF-15 in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is a challenge for the scientific community to use GDF-15 information for patient monitoring, clinical decision-making, and replacement of current treatment strategies for diabetic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Crossref · 10.1155/2015/490842

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  • GDF-15 is a stress-induced protein produced by a variety of cells under stress conditions including tissue injury, anoxia, and inflammation.

    “GDF-15 is a stress-induced protein, produced by a variety of cells under stress conditions including tissue injury, anoxia, and inflammation (28).”
  • Elevated circulating GDF-15 levels are associated with more severe disease or higher mortality in people with DM2, insulin resistance, hemodialysis, cachexia, cardiovascular diseases, COPD, VTE, cancer, or obesity.

    “Elevated circulating GDF-15 levels have been associated with more severe disease or higher mortality in people with DM2, insulin resistance, hemodialysis, cachexia, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), venous thromboembolism (VTE), cancer, or obesity (28–34).”

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  1. [54]Kempf T. Eden M. Strelau J. The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member growth-differentiation factor-15 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury Circulation Research 2006 98 3 351 360 2-s2.0-33646076691 10.1161/01.res.0000202805.73038.48 16397141 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [80]Hanatani S. Izumiya Y. Takashio S. Growth differentiation factor 15 can distinguish between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive hearts Heart and Vessels 2014 29 2 231 237 10.1007/s00380-013-0337-y 2-s2.0-84897021820 23525862 · DOI
  3. [111]Ho J. E. Hwang S. J. Wollert K. C. Biomarkers of cardiovascular stress and incident chronic kidney disease Clinical Chemistry 2013 59 11 1613 1620 10.1373/clinchem.2013.205716 2-s2.0-84887043096 23873716 PMC3972213 · DOI

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Authors
Adela, R., & Banerjee, S. K.
Affiliations
Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (IN)
Corresponding author
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Venue
Journal of Diabetes Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015
Volume
2015
Pages
1-14
ISSN
  • 2314-6745 (ISSN-L)
  • 2314-6753
OpenAlex
W1507364611
Cited by
474
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 4
FWCI
3.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Diabetes Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Apelin-related biomedical research
Keywords
growth differentiation factor 15, GDF15, biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiometabolic risk, JNK signaling, EGFR signaling, Smad signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inflammation, tissue damage
MeSH terms
Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Kidney Diseases, Nitric Oxide, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Adipocytes, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Atherosclerosis, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, Translational Research, Biomedical

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