Cited by 1,854Tea Polyphenols and EffectsPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesCoffee research and impacts

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Tea Catechins and Polyphenols: Health Effects, Metabolism, and Antioxidant Functions

Higdon, Jane V., Frei, Balz·2003·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Abstract

Increasing interest in the health benefits of tea has led to the inclusion of tea extracts in dietary supplements and functional foods. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of tea consumption on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk is conflicting. While tea contains a number of bioactive chemicals, it is particularly rich in catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Catechins and their derivatives are thought to contribute to the beneficial effects ascribed to tea. Tea catechins and polyphenols are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species in vitro and may also function indirectly as antioxidants through their effects on transcription factors and enzyme activities. The fact that catechins are rapidly and extensively metabolized emphasizes the importance of demonstrating their antioxidant activity in vivo. In humans, modest transient increases in plasma antioxidant capacity have been demonstrated following the consumption of tea and green tea catechins. The effects of tea and green tea catechins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially oxidative DNA damage, appear very promising in animal models, but data on biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress in humans are limited. Larger human studies examining the effects of tea and tea catechin intake on biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA are needed.

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BackgroundInfluential
Protective effects of a green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis involve regulation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways in neonatal mice
Ding, M.-L., Ma, H., Man, Y., & Hong-yan, L. V. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2016-0333 · Cited by 108
Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses W nt/β‐catenin signaling by promoting GSK ‐3β‐ and PP2A ‐independent β‐catenin phosphorylation/degradation
Oh, S., Gwak, J., Park, S., & Yang, C. S. (2014) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1185 · Cited by 105
“Studies in animal models have shown cancer-preventive activity of EGCG in different organs such as the liver, stomach, skin, lung, mammary glands, and colon [2,3].”
Synthesis and Structure Identification of Thiol Conjugates of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate and Their Urinary Levels in Mice
Sang, S., Lambert, J. D., Hong, J., Tian, S., Lee, M., Stark, R. E., Ho, C., & Yang, C. S. (2005) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx050151l · Cited by 105
Fractionation and speciation of arsenic in three tea gardens soil profiles and distribution of As in different parts of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)
Karak, T., Abollino, O., Bhattacharyya, P., Das, K. K., & Paul, R. K. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.061 · Cited by 103
“Tea is known as a part of nonalcoholic dietary habits in many countries around the world due to its medicinal values (Higdon and Frei, 2003; Crespy and Williamson, 2004; Cabrera et al., 2006 ; Zaveri, 2006), and therefore it undoubtedly acts as a fillip in the global market.”
Background
Tea polyphenols alleviate motor impairments, dopaminergic neuronal injury, and cerebral α-synuclein aggregation in MPTP-intoxicated parkinsonian monkeys
Chen, M., Wang, T., Yue, F., Li, X., Wang, P., Li, Y., Chan, P., & Yu, S. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.003 · Cited by 101
“…M. Chen et al. / Neuroscience xxx (2014) xxx–xxx (–)-epicatechin (EC) (Wiseman and Balentine 1997; Higdon and Frei, 2003; Mandel et al., 2005).”
The phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in different types of tea
Yang, J., & Liu, R. H. (2012) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03173.x · Cited by 103
Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment for patients with cancer cachexia: interim results
Mantovani, G., Macciò, A., Madeddu, C., et al. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.12.010 · Cited by 101
Effects of Tea Catechins on Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Updates and Perspectives
Ide, K., Matsuoka, N., Yamada, H., Furushima, D., & Kawakami, K. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23092357 · Cited by 103
“In this review article, we only focused on tea catechins, but grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds also include bioactive catechins such as EGCG.”
BackgroundInfluential
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green tea extract loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers
Manea‐Saghin, A., Vasile, B. Ş., & Meghea, A. (2013) · Comptes Rendus Chimie · doi:10.1016/j.crci.2013.07.015 · Cited by 101
Roles of Catalase and Hydrogen Peroxide in Green Tea Polyphenol-Induced Chemopreventive Effects
Yamamoto, T., Lewis, J. B., Wataha, J. C., et al. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.058891 · Cited by 101
“Green tea polyphenols (GTPP), particularly ( )-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are strong antioxidants (Tanaka, 2000; Higdon and Frei, 2003).”
Background
Improved oral bioavailability of the anticancer drug catechin using chitosomes: Design, in-vitro appraisal and in-vivo studies
Ezzat, H. M., Elnaggar, Y. S. R., & Abdallah, O. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.034 · Cited by 100
Nutritional strategies for healthy cardiovascular aging: Focus on micronutrients
Visioli, F., & HAGEN, T. (2007) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.008 · Cited by 98
Addition of Milk Does Not Alter the Antioxidant Activity of Black Tea
Reddy, V. C., Sagar, G. V., Sreeramulu, D., Lagishetty, V., & Raghunath, M. (2005) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000087071 · Cited by 101
“due to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and chelate metal ions [ ,”
Background
Milk enhances intestinal absorption of green tea catechins in in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cells model
Xie, Y., Kosińska, A., Xu, H., & Andlauer, W. (2012) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.063 · Cited by 100
Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea in Various Kidney Diseases
Kanlaya, R., & Thongboonkerd, V. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy077 · Cited by 99
“There are 4 main catechins found in green tea: epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin accounting for 50–80% of all contents (10).”
Background
Green tea polyphenol sensing
Tachibana, H. (2011) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B · doi:10.2183/pjab.87.66 · Cited by 100
The effects of theaflavin-enriched black tea extract on muscle soreness, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine responses to acute anaerobic interval training: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study
Arent, S. M., Senso, M. M., Golem, D. L., & McKeever, K. H. (2010) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-11 · Cited by 101
“Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements, such as theaflavins found in black tea, have been suggested to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from physiological stressors [4-8].”
Background
Fabrication of Surface-Active Antioxidant Food Biopolymers: Conjugation of Catechin Polymers to Egg White Proteins
Gu, L., Peng, N., Chang, C., et al. (2017) · Food Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s11483-017-9476-5 · Cited by 98
Emerging opportunities in exploring the nutritional/functional value of amaranth
Coelho, L. M., Silva, P. M., Martins, J. T., Pinheiro, A. C., & Vicente, A. A. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01422a · Cited by 97
A potential of ultrasound on minerals, micro‐organisms, phenolic compounds and colouring pigments of grapefruit juice
Aadil, R. M., Zeng, X., Wang, M., Liu, Z., Han, Z., Zhang, Z., Hong, J., & Jabbar, S. (2015) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.12767 · Cited by 97
Effects of Oolong Tea on Plasma Antioxidative Capacity in Mice Loaded with Restraint Stress Assessed Using the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Assay
Kurihara, H., Fukami, H., Asami, S., et al. (2004) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.27.1093 · Cited by 97
Naringenin attenuates mucous hypersecretion by modulating reactive oxygen species production and inhibiting NF-κB activity via EGFR-PI3K-Akt/ERK MAPKinase signaling in human airway epithelial cells
Yang, J., Li, Q., Zhou, X., Кolosov, V. P., & Perelman, J. M. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0708-y · Cited by 97
“Therefore, the naringenin flavanone inhibits TGF-a-dependent EGFR activation by attenuating the generation of ROS indirectly [ 23 ].”
Background
Dietary Flavonoid Intake, Black Tea Consumption, and Risk of Overall and Advanced Stage Prostate Cancer
Geybels, M. S., Verhage, B. A. J., Arts, I. C. W., van Schooten, F., Goldbohm, R. A., & van den Brandt, P. A. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws419 · Cited by 96
Shelf life extension for Bluefin tuna slices ( Thunnus thynnus ) wrapped with myofibrillar protein film incorporated with catechin-Kradon extract
Kaewprachu, P., Osako, K., Benjakul, S., et al. (2017) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.014 · Cited by 97
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) affects the antioxidant and immune defense of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Thawonsuwan, J., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., Panigrahi, A., & Verlhac-Trichet, V. (2009) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-009-9344-4 · Cited by 97
“EGCG is the most active catechin component of green tea and is an efficient antioxidant that modulates human health ( Higdon and Frei 2003 ).”
Background
Ester-Based Precursors to Increase the Bioavailability of Quercetin
Biasutto, L., Marotta, E., Marchi, U. D., Zoratti, M., & Paradisi, C. (2006) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm060912x · Cited by 98
Relationship between gene expression and the accumulation of catechin during spring and autumn in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)
Liu, M., Tian, H.-L., Wu, J.-H., Cang, R.-R., Wang, R.-X., Qi, X., Xu, Q., & Chen, X. (2015) · Horticulture Research · doi:10.1038/hortres.2015.11 · Cited by 97
Modulation of P-glycoprotein function and reversal of multidrug resistance by (–)-epigallocatechin gallate in human cancer cells
Qian, F., Wei, D., Zhang, Q., & Yang, S. (2005) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2005.01.002 · Cited by 96
Tea from the drinking to the synthesis of metal complexes and fabrication of PVA based polymer composites with controlled optical band gap
Brza, M. A., Aziz, S. B., Anuar, H., Ali, F. B., Dannoun, E. M. A., Mohammed, S. J., Abdulwahid, R. T., & Al‐Zangana, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75138-x · Cited by 96
Catechin Glucosides: Occurrence, Synthesis, and Stability
Raab, T., Barron, D., Vera, F. A., Crespy, V., Oliveira, M., & Williamson, G. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf9034095 · Cited by 95
Analytical separation of tea catechins and food-related polyphenols by high-speed counter-current chromatography
Yanagida, A., Shoji, A., Shibusawa, Y., et al. (2005) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.086 · Cited by 95
The challenge of developing green tea polyphenols as therapeutic agents
Huo, C., Wan, S., Lam, W. H., Li, L., Wang, Z., Landis‐Piwowar, K. R., Chen, D., Dou, Q. P., & Chan, T. H. (2008) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-008-8031-x · Cited by 96
Gelatin films with nisin and catechin for minced pork preservation
Kaewprachu, P., Amara, C. B., Oulahal, N., et al. (2018) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.10.011 · Cited by 94

Authors: Higdon, J. V., & Frei, B.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
Venue: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2003-01
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 89-143
ISSN: 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
1549-7852
DOI: 10.1080/10408690390826464
OpenAlex: W2116597521
Cited by: 1,854
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 38.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
Keywords: tea catechins, polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, green tea, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, plasma antioxidant capacity, cancer risk, cardiovascular risk, functional foods, dietary supplements, reactive oxygen species
MeSH terms: Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Cardiovascular Diseases, Catechin, Chronic Disease, Flavonoids, Humans, Neoplasms, Phenols, Polymers, Tea, Biomarkers, Free Radical Scavengers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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Tea Catechins and Polyphenols: Health Effects, Metabolism, and Antioxidant Functions

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