Cited by 1,854Tea Polyphenols and EffectsPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesCoffee research and impacts

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Tea Catechins and Polyphenols: Health Effects, Metabolism, and Antioxidant Functions

Higdon, Jane V., Frei, Balz·2003·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Abstract

Increasing interest in the health benefits of tea has led to the inclusion of tea extracts in dietary supplements and functional foods. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the effects of tea consumption on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk is conflicting. While tea contains a number of bioactive chemicals, it is particularly rich in catechins, of which epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Catechins and their derivatives are thought to contribute to the beneficial effects ascribed to tea. Tea catechins and polyphenols are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species in vitro and may also function indirectly as antioxidants through their effects on transcription factors and enzyme activities. The fact that catechins are rapidly and extensively metabolized emphasizes the importance of demonstrating their antioxidant activity in vivo. In humans, modest transient increases in plasma antioxidant capacity have been demonstrated following the consumption of tea and green tea catechins. The effects of tea and green tea catechins on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially oxidative DNA damage, appear very promising in animal models, but data on biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress in humans are limited. Larger human studies examining the effects of tea and tea catechin intake on biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA are needed.

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Ge, R., Zhu, Y., Diao, Y., Tao, L., Yuan, W., & Xiong, X.-C. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.009 · Cited by 61
“EGCG is known for its potent antioxidant (Frei and Higdon, 2003; Higdon and Frei, 2003) and anti-inflammatory properties (Thomas and Kim, 2005).”
Inflammatory Responses of Gingival Epithelial Cells Stimulated With Porphyromonas gingivalis Vesicles Are Inhibited by Hop‐Associated Polyphenols
Kou, Y., Inaba, H., Kato, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070364 · Cited by 61
Urinary Excretion of Select Dietary Polyphenol Metabolites Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Proximate but Not Remote Follow-Up in a Prospective Investigation in 2 Cohorts of US Women
Sun, Q., Wedick, N. M., Tworoger, S. S., Pan, A., Townsend, M. K., Cassidy, A., Franke, A. A., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., & van Dam, R. M. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.208736 · Cited by 62
Chronic green tea consumption prevents age-related changes in rat hippocampal formation
Assunção, M., Santos‐Marques, M. J., Carvalho, F. D., Lukoyanov, N., & Andrade, J. P. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.03.016 · Cited by 61
Inhibition of Catalase by Tea Catechins in Free and Cellular State: A Biophysical Approach
Pal, S., Dey, S. K., & Saha, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102460 · Cited by 61
Parkinson's Disease and Tea: A Quantitative Review
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Microbial Decontamination of Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) by Gamma Radiation
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“Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed bev-erages in the world today and its health effects have been widely explored (Namiki 1990; Wiseman and others 2001; Higdon and Frei 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Catechin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced neuronal cytotoxicity in in vitro and episodic memory deficit in in vivo in Wistar rats
Cheruku, S. P., Ramalingayya, G. V., Chamallamudi, M. R., Biswas, S., Nandakumar, K., Nampoothiri, M., Gourishetti, K., & Kumar, N. (2017) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10616-017-0138-8 · Cited by 61
Non-extractable polyphenols of green tea and their antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase capacity, and release during in vitro digestion
Yan, S., Shao, H., Zhou, Z., Wang, Q., Zhao, L., & Yang, X. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.006 · Cited by 62
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Liu, W., Chen, Y. X., Liao, R., et al. (2021) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107954 · Cited by 61
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) protects against chromate-induced toxicity in vitro
Wu, F., Sun, H., Kluz, T., Clancy, H. A., Kiok, K., & Costa, M. (2011) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.10.018 · Cited by 62
“Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) comprises approximately 60% of the catechins in green tea, and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties (Higdon and Frei, 2003).”
Background
The Galloyl Catechins Contributing to Main Antioxidant Capacity of Tea Made from Camellia sinensis in China
Zhao, C., Li, C., Liu, S., & Yang, L. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/863984 · Cited by 60
Antioxidant activity and recovery of green tea catechins in full-fat cheese following gastrointestinal simulated digestion
Rashidinejad, A., Birch, E. J., & Everett, D. W. (2016) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2016.02.004 · Cited by 60
Impacts of processing conditions on digestive recovery of polyphenolic compounds and stability of the antioxidant activity of green tea infusion during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Donlao, N., & Ogawa, Y. (2017) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.051 · Cited by 60
Antioxidant activities of licorice-derived prenylflavonoids
Kim, H. J., Seo, J.-Y., Suh, H., et al. (2012) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.491 · Cited by 59
“Polyphenols, which are abundant in plants, fruits, and vegetables, have drawn much attraction due to their protective effects against cancer, cardiovascular decline, and cognitive function and memory impairment [29,30].”
Background
Catechin prevents the calcium oxalate monohydrate induced renal calcium crystallization in NRK-52E cells and the ethylene glycol induced renal stone formation in rat
Zhai, W., Zheng, J., Yao, X., Peng, B., Liu, M., Huang, J., Wang, G., & Xu, Y. (2013) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-228 · Cited by 59
“Catechin, regarded as one of the main components of green tea, is considered to exert antioxidant effects acting directly as radical scavengers or metal-chelators and also indirectly through modulation of transcription factors or enzymes [27,28].”
Background
Validation of green tea polyphenol biomarkers in a phase II human intervention trial
Wang, J.-S., Luo, H., Wang, P., Tang, L., Yu, J., Huang, T., Cox, S. B., & Gao, W. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.007 · Cited by 59
“The situation is further complicated by a few reports of increased cancer risk with tea drinking (Higdon and Frei 2003).”
Background
Green tea – A potential preservative for extending the shelf life of fresh mutton at ambient temperature (25±2°C)
Kumudavally, K. V., Phanindrakumar, H. S., Tabassum, A., et al. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.045 · Cited by 59
Tea catechins as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases: Mechanistic insights and human relevance
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Background
Quantitative evaluation of the beneficial effects in the mdx mouse of epigallocatechin gallate, an antioxidant polyphenol from green tea
Nakae, Y., Dorchies, O. M., Stoward, P. J., Zimmermann, B. F., Ritter, C., & Rüegg, U. T. (2012) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-012-0926-3 · Cited by 58
“The beneficial effects of GTP, and more especially EGCG, on dystrophin-deficient muscles seem to be related to their high antioxidant activity (Higdon and Frei 2003), low molecular weight (458 Da for EGCG), and low toxicity (Chan et al. 2010; Goodin and Rosengren 2003; Isbrucker et al. 2006a, b;…”
In vitro antioxidant and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity of isolated fractions from water extract of Qingzhuan tea
Cheng, Q., Cai, S., Ni, D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1059-y · Cited by 58
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by polyphenols from tea (Camellia sinensis) and links to processing method
Dong, J., Xu, X., Liang, Y., Head, R. J., & Bennett, L. E. (2011) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c1fo10023h · Cited by 58
Influence of Chitosan, Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Germinated Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Park, C. H., Yeo, H. J., Park, Y. E., et al. (2019) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods8050153 · Cited by 58
Effects of Casein, Ovalbumin, and Dextran on the Astringency of Tea Polyphenols Determined by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation
Yan, Y., Hu, J., & Yao, P. (2008) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la8030123 · Cited by 58
Low temperature effects on carotenoids biosynthesis in the leaves of green and albino tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)
Yang, Y.-Z., Li, T., Teng, R., Han, M.-H., & Zhuang, J. (2021) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110164 · Cited by 57

Authors: Higdon, J. V., & Frei, B.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
Venue: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2003-01
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 89-143
ISSN: 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
1549-7852
DOI: 10.1080/10408690390826464
OpenAlex: W2116597521
Cited by: 1,854
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 107
FWCI: 38.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
Keywords: tea catechins, polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, green tea, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, plasma antioxidant capacity, cancer risk, cardiovascular risk, functional foods, dietary supplements, reactive oxygen species
MeSH terms: Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Cardiovascular Diseases, Catechin, Chronic Disease, Flavonoids, Humans, Neoplasms, Phenols, Polymers, Tea, Biomarkers, Free Radical Scavengers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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Tea Catechins and Polyphenols: Health Effects, Metabolism, and Antioxidant Functions

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