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White Elephant or Happiness Goodies? The Effect of User Personality on the Perception of Digital Companionship of Smart Speaker

Ma, Xiaoyue, Huo, Yudi·2025·International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
DOI 10.1080/10447318.2024.2303554
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Abstract

With the popularity of smart speakers, companionship has emerged as an important aspect of user experiences with these devices. While previous studies have primarily focused on users’ adoption and intentions for continuous AI product usage, only a limited number of qualitative studies have identified the nascent concept of digital companionship. However, these studies often lack a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying psychological motivations. Therefore, this study aims to explore how certain users perceive digital companionship within the context of smart speakers and elucidate the motivations driving these parasocial needs. Our investigation adopts a Human-Centered AI perspective for a deeper understanding. A survey was conducted, encompassing 460 valid questionnaires. The findings underscore the influence of user personality on their psychological perceptions of smart speakers. Specifically, extroverted and conscientious users tend to view smart speakers as sources of happiness, akin to “happiness goodies.” Conversely, other users tend to perceive the companionship of smart speakers less strongly, akin to “white elephants.” Notably, our research reveals that perceived attraction and intimacy jointly mediate the influence of user personality traits, including extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, on digital companionship. This study contributes to illustrating why AI-based products, such as smart speakers, could be regarded as friends by digital compani…

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Metadata

Authors
Ma, X., & Huo, Y.
Affiliations
School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University
Venue
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2024-01-22
Volume
41
Issue
1
Pages
627-640
ISSN
  • 1044-7318
  • 1532-7590
DOI
10.1080/10447318.2024.2303554
Cited by
15
References
9
Language
en
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (72174164)
  • National Social Science Foundation of China (21&ZD320)
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural
  • Creative Industry, and from Zizhu National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  • Zizhu New Media Management Research Center
  • International Association of Cultural and Creative Industry Research

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