Cited by 98Design Education and PracticeInnovative Human-Technology InteractionDigital Media and Visual Art

When and How to Use AI in the Design Process? Implications for Human-AI Design Collaboration

Lee, Seo-young, Law, Matthew, Hoffman, Guy·2025·International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

Abstract

As the potential for human-AI design collaboration increases, understanding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design process becomes more important. How does AI currently support the design process and how could it do so in the future? To answer this question, we categorized existing AI design support systems (DSS) according to the Double-Diamond design process model, and found that they are mostly used in the later stages of the design process, focusing on generating design solutions. In contrast, very few systems focus on the early stages of the process, which include discovering and defining design problems. To explore this finding’s alignment with designers’ expectations in real-world design, we present a case study involving emerging AI technologies such as ChatGPT and robots. This study proposes that AI agents can potentially assist designers by providing inspirations, defining design problems with constraints, offering grounded metaphors, and exploring design materials.

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Crossref · 10.1080/10447318.2024.2353451

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128 of 128 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Lee, S.-Y., Law, M., & Hoffman, G.
Affiliations
  • Cornell University (US)
  • Denison University (US)
Corresponding author
Lee, Seo-young
Venue
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction
Published
2024-05-22
Volume
41
Issue
2
Pages
1569-1584
ISSN
  • 1044-7318 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7590
OpenAlex
W4398208101
Cited by
97
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 56 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 2
FWCI
13.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Foundation (1907542)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design › Digital Media and Visual Art
Keywords
Double Diamond, design support system, ChatGPT, AI agents

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