Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies: The PRISMA-DTA Statement
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy synthesize data from primary diagnostic studies that have evaluated the accuracy of 1 or more index tests against a reference standard, provide estimates of test performance, allow comparisons of the accuracy of different tests, and facilitate the identification of sources of variability in test accuracy. Objective: To develop the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagnostic test accuracy guideline as a stand-alone extension of the PRISMA statement. Modifications to the PRISMA statement reflect the specific requirements for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies and the abstracts for these reviews. Design: Established standards from the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) Network were followed for the development of the guideline. The original PRISMA statement was used as a framework on which to modify and add items. A group of 24 multidisciplinary experts used a systematic review of articles on existing reporting guidelines and methods, a 3-round Delphi process, a consensus meeting, pilot testing, and iterative refinement to develop the PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline. The final version of the PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline checklist was approved by the group. Findings: The systematic review (produced 64 items) and the Delphi process (provided feedback on 7 proposed items; 1 item was later split into 2 items) identified 71 potentially relevant items for consideration. The Delphi process reduced these to 60 items that were discussed at the consensus meeting. Following the meeting, pilot testing and iterative feedback were used to generate the 27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist. To reflect specific or optimal contemporary systematic review methods for diagnostic test accuracy, 8 of the 27 original PRISMA items were left unchanged, 17 were modified, 2 were added, and 2 were omitted. Conclusions and Relevance: The 27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist provides specific guidance for reporting of systematic reviews. The PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline can facilitate the transparent reporting of reviews, and may assist in the evaluation of validity and applicability, enhance replicability of reviews, and make the results from systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies more useful.
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The manuscript follows PRISMA reporting guidelines for diagnostic test accuracy studies.
“This manuscript follows the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for DTA studies.11”
We followed the highest methodological standards for a systematic review and DTA meta-analysis, and followed the PRISMA-DTA guidelines.
“As mentioned above, we followed the highest methodological standards for a systematic review and DTA meta-analysis, and followed the PRISMA-DTA guidelines.11”
This study strictly followed the PRISMA-DTA guidelines.
“This study strictly followed the guidelines by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA).17”
From Artificial Intelligence Detection and Segmentation Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Brain Tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
The reporting was in accordance with PRISMA-DTA criteria.
“The reporting was in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) criteria [10].”
From The diagnostic accuracy of digital, infrared and mercury-in-glass thermometers in measuring body temperature: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA).
“We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA‐DTA) (McInnes 2018).”
From Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults (2021) · cites this paper as McInnes 2018
The literature search citation flow is reported as per the PRISMA-DTA statement.
“The literature search citation flow is reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Metaanalyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy studies statement (34)”
From Anti-dsDNA Testing Specificity for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-DTA statement.
“This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) statement [18].”
From Machine learning for the prediction of sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-DTA statement.
“This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses’ extension for diagnostic accuracy studies statement (PRISMA-DTA)136.”
From Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning in medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
Se han desarrollado extensiones de la declaración PRISMA 2009 para orientar la presentación de publicaciones de metanálisis en red, metanálisis de datos de participantes individuales, revisiones sistemáticas de daños, revisiones sistemáticas de estudios de precisión de pruebas diagnósticas y revisiones exploratorias (scoping reviews).
“se han desarrollado extensiones de la declaracio ´ n PRISMA 2009 para orientar la presentacio ´ n de publicaciones de metana ´lisis en red 48 , metana ´lisis de datos de participantes individuales 49 , revisiones sistema ´ticas de dan ˜os 50 , revisiones sistema ´ticas de estudios de precisio ´ n de pruebas diagno ´ sticas 51 , revisiones exploratorias ( scoping reviews ) 52 .”
From Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
There have been multiple extensions to the original PRISMA statement for various review types, yet no extension has yet been considered for systematic reviews of prevalence data.
“there have been multiple extensions to the original PRISMA statement for various review types [10, 11], yet no extension has yet been considered for systematic reviews of prevalence data.”
From How are systematic reviews of prevalence conducted? A methodological study (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
The IPDMA was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42015024785), a protocol was published, and results were reported following PRISMA-DTA and PRISMA-IPD guidelines.
“This IPDMA was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42015024785), a protocol was published,20 and the results were reported following PRISMA-DTA (preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies)21 and PRISMA-IPD (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses of individual participant data)22 guidelines.”
The review was conducted according to methods detailed in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy and reported according to the PRISMA extension for diagnostic test accuracy studies.
“We conducted our review according to methods detailed in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy20 and report our findings according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for diagnostic test accuracy studies statement recommendations.21”
From Algorithm based smartphone apps to assess risk of skin cancer in adults: systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Finally, extensions to the PRISMA 2009 statement have been developed to guide reporting of network metaanalyses,[49] meta-analyses of individual participant data,[50] systematic reviews of harms, [51] systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies, [52] and scoping reviews [53]; for these types of reviews we r…”
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- Authors
- McInnes, M. D. F., Moher, D., Thombs, B. D., McGrath, T. A., Bossuyt, P. M., and the PRISMA-DTA Group, Clifford, T., Cohen, J. F., Deeks, J. J., Gatsonis, C., Hooft, L., Hunt, H. A., Hyde, C. J., Korevaar, D. A., Leeflang, M. M. G., Macaskill, P., Reitsma, J. B., Rodin, R., Rutjes, A. W. S., Salameh, J.-P., Stevens, A., Takwoingi, Y., Tonelli, M., Weeks, L., Whiting, P., & Willis, B. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (CA)
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Canada's Drug Agency (CA)
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
- Brown University (US)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Public Health Agency of Canada (CA)
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McInnes, Matthew D. F.
- ORCID
- McInnes, Matthew D. F.
- Moher, David
- Thombs, Brett D.
- McGrath, Trevor A.
- Bossuyt, Patrick M.
- Clifford, Tammy
- Cohen, Jérémie F.
- Deeks, Jonathan J.
- Hooft, Lotty
- Hunt, Harriet A.
- Hyde, Christopher J.
- Leeflang, Mariska M. G.
- Macaskill, Petra
- Reitsma, Johannes B.
- Rutjes, Anne W. S.
- Salameh, Jean-Paul
- Stevens, Adrienne
- Takwoingi, Yemisi
- Tonelli, Marcello
- Whiting, Penny
- Willis, Brian H.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2018-01-23
- Volume
- 319
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 388
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2785704959
- Cited by
- 3,210
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 497 · 2025: 433 · 2024: 448 · 2023: 434 · 2022: 393 · 2021: 417 · 2020: 342 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 49.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PDF-2017-10-059, CL-2011-09-003)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/N007999/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- diagnostic accuracy, reporting guidelines, systematic review reporting, meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy, reference materials, index tests, reporting checklist, research transparency
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Consensus Statements as Topic, Delphi Technique, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Guidelines as Topic, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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