The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social anxiety and the experience of positive emotion and anger in everyday life: an ecological momentary assessment approach
Abstract
A few recent studies have found evidence showing that social anxiety is associated with diminished positive affect and elevated anger. However, prior work has relied on trait self-report measures of global positive mood or anger. In this preliminary study, we examined how trait social anxiety relates to moment-to-moment positive and angry emotional states as people navigate through their natural environment in a given day. Of additional interest was whether any associations were limited to social situations or were evident more broadly in non-social situations as well. For 14 days, 38 non-clinical community adults carried electronic diaries to assess their experience of positive emotions, anger, and their current social context and activity. Participants were randomly prompted up to four times per day, leading to 1702 observations. Results showed that social anxiety was associated with less time spent feeling happy and relaxed and more time spent feeling angry throughout the day. In general, people felt happier when they were with other people compared to being alone. Interestingly, people with relatively higher levels of social anxiety reported fewer and less intense positive emotions and greater anger episodes across social and non-social situations.
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“This lack of significance contradicted many other AA studies that yielded significant between-person associations between lower levels of PA and higher levels of NA with SA [16,20,30,54,57,58,61,69,70].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Kashdan and Collins [70] revealed that SA was related to less time spent feeling happy and relaxed and more time spent feeling angry.”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder
Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631 · Cited by 480
Kashdan, T. B., Weeks, J. W., & Savostyanova, A. A. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012 · Cited by 258
Self-citationAldao, A., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.005 · Cited by 222
The neglected role of positive emotion in adolescent psychopathology
Gilbert, K. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.05.005 · Cited by 246
“Adults with social anxiety report fewer and less intense positive emotions in daily life compared with a healthy control group (Kashdan & Collins, 2010).”
BackgroundFarmer, A. S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.666561 · Cited by 192
“…of 19 studies found a stable, moderate relationship between social anxiety and less frequent and intense positive emotions (Kashdan, 2007); this deficit was present even in the context of sexual situations (Kashdan, Adams, et al., 2011) and during random prompts (Kashdan & Collins, 2010).”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kashdan, T. B., & Collins, R. L.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kashdan, Todd B.
- Venue
- Anxiety, Stress, & Coping
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-03-26
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 259-272
- ISSN
- 1061-5806 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-2205
- OpenAlex
- W2106870094
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Anxiety Stress & Coping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA07595, R01AA007595)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH073937, MH-73937)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety, positive emotions, anger, ecological momentary assessment, everyday life, social environment, happiness, trait anxiety, electronic diary
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Affect, Anger, Anxiety, Depression, Emotions, Humans, Personality, Punishment, Self-Assessment, Social Behavior, Socialization
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