Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder

Morrison, Amanda S.; Heimberg, Richard G.

doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631

Cited by 480Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and AssessmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder

Morrison, Amanda S., Heimberg, Richard G.·2013·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Research on social anxiety and social anxiety disorder has proliferated over the years since the explication of the disorder through cognitive-behavioral models. This review highlights a recently updated model from our group and details recent research stemming from the (a) information processing perspective, including attention bias, interpretation bias, implicit associations, imagery and visual memories, and (b) emotion regulation perspective, including positive emotionality and anger. In addition, we review recent studies exploring the roles of self-focused attention, safety behaviors, and post-event processing in the maintenance of social anxiety. Within each area, we detail the ways in which these topics have implications for the treatment of social anxiety and for future research. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how several of the areas reviewed contribute to our model of social anxiety disorder.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631

Cites

127 of 127 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Social anxiety symptoms are particularly contextually bound.
“SA symptoms are particularly contextually bound, and thus, it is of utmost relevance to consider the sensitivity of the context [2].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Social anxiety disorder is a heterogeneous clinical condition that usually entails high levels of dysfunction and is marked by dynamic deployment of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in interaction with others and in different contexts.
“SAD is a heterogeneous clinical condition that usually entails high levels of dysfunction in the lives of people who experience it. This heterogeneous nature of SAD is marked by the dynamic deployment of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in the interaction with others and in different contexts [2].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Most cited models of the emergence of social anxiety and the etiology of SAD are 'cognitive' and present social anxiety as a product of a specific type of attention, stimuli interpretation, or both.
“The most cited models of emergence of social anxiety experience and etiology of SAD are connoted as ‘cognitive’ and present social anxiety as a product of a specific type of attention, stimuli interpretation, or both [9,10,11].”
From Shame or What Makes Irrational Social Anxiety Rational. (2025) · cites this paper as [11]

Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 11,720 · see citing works
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916 · see citing works
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210 · see citing works
Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336 · Cited by 5,289 · see citing works
Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 · Cited by 3,721 · see citing works
A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00022-3 · Cited by 2,987 · see citing works
Self-citation
A cognitive model of social phobia
Adrian Wells, A. (1995) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 2,701 · see citing works
Very Happy People
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00415 · Cited by 2,508 · see citing works
The social consequences of expressive suppression
Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal.
Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.179 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Franklin, M. E. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(96)00036-0 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder.
Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018441 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model
Ingram, R. E. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.156 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Cognitive Approaches to Emotion and Emotional Disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1994) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.000325 · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation: Potential for Psychological Interventions
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression
Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024355 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Self-regulation and self-presentation: Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resources
Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., & Ciarocco, N. J. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.632 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial.
Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention.
Bögels, S., & Mansell, W. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.005 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Discrepancy between self- and observer ratings of performance in social phobics.
Rapee, R. M., & Lim, L. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.4.728 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Discrepancy between self- and observer ratings of performance in social phobics.
Rapee, R. M., & Lim, L. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.4.728 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology
Mennin, D. S., Holaway, R. M., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.09.001 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia
Hackmann, A., Clark, D. M., & McManus, F. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00161-8 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Interpersonal processes in social phobia
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.006 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Expanding the Topography of Social Anxiety: An Experience-Sampling Assessment of Positive Emotions, Positive Events, and Emotion Suppression
Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01674.x · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Attention training in individuals with generalized social phobia: A randomized controlled trial.
Amir, N., Beard, C., Taylor, C. T., Klumpp, H., Elias, J. A., Burns, M. N., & Chen, X. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016685 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder
Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-1651-1 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis
Kashdan, T. B. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.003 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
A Cognitive Behavioral Model of Social Anxiety Disorder
Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Social Anxiety · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citation
Imagery and interpretations in social phobia: support for the combined cognitive biases hypothesis.
Hirsch, C., Clark, D., & Mathews, A. (2006) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.02.001 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: a symptom-based perspective
Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.006 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
The fear of positive evaluation scale: assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety
Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.08.002 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028555 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Self-citation
Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces
Chen, Y. P., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Mansell, W. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00086-9 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.002 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
A multi-session interpretation modification program: Changes in interpretation and social anxiety symptoms
Beard, C., & Amir, N. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.012 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Temperament, anxiety, and the processing of threat-relevant stimuli
Lonigan, C. J., Vasey, M. W., Phillips, B. M., & Hazen, R. A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3301_2 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Emotion regulation deficits in generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and their co-occurrence
Mennin, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., & Flanagan, T. J. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.04.006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
An analysis of post-event processing in social anxiety disorder
Brozovich, F., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.01.002 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia.
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.705 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor
McManus, F. V., Sacadura, C., & Clark, D. M. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.12.002 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-images play a causal role in social phobia
Hirsch, C. R., Clark, D. M., Mathews, A., & Williams, R. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00103-1 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Whether, how, and when social anxiety shapes positive experiences and events: A self-regulatory framework and treatment implications
Kashdan, T. B., Weeks, J. W., & Savostyanova, A. A. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.012 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Effortful control, executive attention, and emotional regulation in 7–10-year-old children
Simonds, J., Kieras, J. E., Rueda, M. R., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.009 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-focused attention in social phobia and social anxiety
Spurr, J. M., & Stopa, L. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00107-1 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia.
Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E., & Abbott, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014800 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Assessing emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: the emotion regulation interview
Werner, K. H., Goldin, P. R., Ball, T. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-011-9225-x · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citation
Negative self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions
Hirsch, C., Meynen, T., & Clark, D. (2004) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210444000106 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes
Schultz, L. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rescripting early memories linked to negative images in social phobia: A pilot study
Wild, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D. M. (2008) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.04.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Social anxiety and self-impression: cognitive preparation enhances the beneficial effects of video feedback following a stressful social task
Harvey, A. G., Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., & Rapee, R. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00148-5 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Positive affect regulation in anxiety disorders
Eisner, L. R., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.001 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Anger experience and expression in social anxiety disorder: Pretreatment profile and predictors of attrition and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment
Erwin, B. A., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(03)80004-7 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citation
How do I look with my minds eye: perspective taking in social phobic imagery
Adrian Wells, A., Clark, D. M., & Ahmad, S. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00037-0 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Social Anxiety's Impact on Affect, Curiosity, and Social Self-Efficacy During a High Self-Focus Social Threat Situation
Kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000016934.20981.68 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Social anxiety and the interpretation of positive social events
Alden, L. E., Taylor, C. T., Mellings, T. M. J. B., & Laposa, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.007 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
When the present visits the past: Updating traumatic memories in social phobia
Wild, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D. M. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.003 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Social phobia and positive social events: The price of success
Wallace, S. T., & Alden, L. E. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.3.416 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Social anxiety and emotional suppression: The mediating role of beliefs
Spokas, M. E., Luterek, J. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.12.004 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interpretation Bias and Social Anxiety
Amir, N., Beard, C., & Bower, E. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2834-5 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-disclosure, emotional expression and intimacy within romantic relationships of people with social phobia
Sparrevohn, R. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.016 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Domains of life satisfaction in social anxiety disorder: relation to symptoms and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy
Eng, W., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., & Safren, S. A. (2005) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.01.007 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implicit self-esteem and social anxiety: differential self-favouring effects in high and low anxious individuals
de Jong, P. J. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00022-5 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Task concentration training versus applied relaxation, in combination with cognitive therapy, for social phobia patients with fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating
Bögels, S. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.010 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The effect of the decreased safety behaviors on anxiety and negative thoughts in social phobics
Kim, E. (2004) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.11.002 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The Effect of Single-Session Interpretation Modification on Attention Bias in Socially Anxious Individuals
Amir, N., Bomyea, J., & Beard, C. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.005 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING FEARS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EVALUATION AS FACETS OF SOCIAL ANXIETY
Weeks, J. W., Jakatdar, T. A., & Heimberg, R. (2010) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.68 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citation
An interpersonal problem approach to the division of social phobia subtypes
Kachin, K. E., Newman, M. G., & Pincus, A. L. (2001) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(01)80032-0 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-focused attention before and after treatment of social phobia
Hofmann, S. G. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00105-9 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The high-novelty–seeking, impulsive subtype of generalized social anxiety disorder
Kashdan, T. B., & Hofmann, S. G. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20382 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Interpretation training in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
Amir, N., & Taylor, C. T. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026928 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Social anxiety and disinhibition: An analysis of curiosity and social rank appraisals, approach–avoidance conflicts, and disruptive risk-taking behavior
Kashdan, T. B., Elhai, J. D., & Breen, W. E. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.09.009 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Relations of the factors of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression to types of social anxiety
Hughes, A. A., Heimberg, R. G., Coles, M. E., Gibb, B. E., Liebowitz, M. R., & Schneier, F. R. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.015 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social anxiety and the experience of positive emotion and anger in everyday life: an ecological momentary assessment approach
Kashdan, T. B., & Collins, R. L. (2010) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800802641950 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Social anxiety and self-protective communication style in close relationships
Cuming, S., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.010 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Combined cognitive bias modification treatment for social anxiety disorder: a pilot trial
Beard, C., Weisberg, R. B., & Amir, N. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20873 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
If it makes you happy: Engaging in kind acts increases positive affect in socially anxious individuals.
Alden, L. E., & Trew, J. L. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027761 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Anger experience and expression across the anxiety disorders
Moscovitch, D. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., Rocca, L., & Swinson, R. P. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20280 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Anticipated Reactions to Social Events: Differences Among Individuals with Generalized Social Phobia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Nonanxious Controls
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., Franklin, M. E., & Foa, E. B. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005595513315 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Differential effects of safety behaviour subtypes in social anxiety disorder
Plasencia, M. L., Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.005 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Retrieval properties of negative vs. positive mental images and autobiographical memories in social anxiety: Outcomes with a new measure
Moscovitch, D. A., Gavric, D. L., Merrifield, C., Bielak, T., & Moscovitch, M. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.009 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
When social anxiety disorder co-exists with risk-prone, approach behavior: Investigating a neglected, meaningful subset of people in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication
Kashdan, T. B., McKnight, P. E., Richey, J. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.03.010 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Morphed emotional faces: emotion detection and misinterpretation in social anxiety.
Heuer, K., Lange, W.-G., Isaac, L., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.04.005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The causal role of negative imagery in social anxiety: A test in confident public speakers
Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Clark, D. M., Williams, R. M., & Morrison, J. A. (2005) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.03.003 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Probing the attentional control theory in social anxiety: An emotional saccade task
Wieser, M. J., Pauli, P., & Mühlberger, A. (2009) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.9.3.314 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-Focused Attention and Social Anxiety in Social Phobics and Normal Controls
Woody, S. R., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005583820758 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Attentional bias away from positive social information mediates the link between social anxiety and anxiety vulnerability to a social stressor
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J., & Amir, N. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.004 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Training Implicit Social Anxiety Associations: An Experimental Intervention
Clerkin, E. M., & Teachman, B. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.01.001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia.
Hertel, P. T., Brozovich, F. A., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.2.278 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Implicit views of the self in social anxiety
Tanner, R. J., Stopa, L. L., & Houwer, J. D. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Malleability of attentional bias for positive emotional information and anxiety vulnerability.
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J. A., & Amir, N. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021301 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Social anxiety and the effects of negative self-imagery on emotion, cognition, and post-event processing
Makkar, S. R., & Grisham, J. R. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.004 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Safety behaviors and judgmental biases in social anxiety disorder
Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
To see ourselves as others see us: An experimental integration of the intra and interpersonal consequences of self-protection in social anxiety disorder
Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022127 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Relationships between negative emotionality and attentional control in effortful control
Moriya, J., & Tanno, Y. (2008) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Post Event Processing Among Those with Social Anxiety Disorder
Price, M. S., & Anderson, P. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The relationship of post-event processing to self-evaluation of performance in social anxiety.
Brozovich, F. A., & Heimberg, R. (2011) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
Images of the self in social anxiety: effects on the retrieval of autobiographical memories
Stopa, L., & Jenkins, A. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.08.006 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Inducing an interpretation bias changes self-imagery: A preliminary investigation
Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., & Clark, D. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Relational treatment strategies increase social approach behaviors in patients with Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.003 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Working memory capacity in generalized social phobia.
Amir, N., & Bomyea, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022849 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Interpretation Bias: A Comparison of Treated Social Phobics, Untreated Social Phobics, and Controls1
Franklin, M. E., Huppert, J. D., Langner, R., Leiberg, S., & Foa, E. B. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2412-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Public self-awareness and withdrawal from social interactions
Alden, L. E., Teschuk, M., & Tee, K. A. (1992) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01183280 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF MEMORY PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL PHOBIA: IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED MEMORIES FOR ROLE-PLAYED SITUATIONS
Coles, M., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. (2002) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465802004034 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of self-focused attention on post-event processing in social anxiety.
Gaydukevych, D., & Kocovski, N. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.10.010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Predictors and Contents of Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety
Makkar, S., & Grisham, J. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9357-z · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Not self-focused attention but negative beliefs affect poor social performance in social anxiety: An investigation of pathways in the social anxiety–social rejection relationship
Voncken, M. J., Dijk, C., de Jong, P. J., & Roelofs, J. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.004 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of Social Anxiety on Nonverbal Accuracy and Response Time I: Facial Expressions
Mullins, D. T., & Duke, M. P. (2004) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:jonb.0000017865.24656.98 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Attentional Bias in Anxiety Disorders Following Cognitive Behavioral Treatment
Tobon, J. I., Ouimet, A. J., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.25.2.114 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Prepared for the worst: Readiness to acquire threat bias and susceptibility to elevate trait anxiety.
Clarke, P., MacLeod, C., & Shirazee, N. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.47 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hiding anxiety versus acknowledgment of anxiety in social interaction: Relationship with social anxiety
Voncken, M. J., Alden, L. E., & Bögels, S. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The effect of attentional focus on social anxiety
Zou, J. B., Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.014 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mindfulness and the Attenuation of Post-Event Processing in Social Phobia: An Experimental Investigation
Cassin, S. E., & Rector, N. A. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2011.614275 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Negative self-imagery blocks inferences
Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Clark, D. M., Williams, R., & Morrison, J. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00057-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Examining the Dynamics of the Implicit and the Explicit Self-Concept in Social Anxiety: Changes in the Implicit Association Test–Anxiety and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory Following Treatment
Gamer, J., Schmukle, S. C., Luka-Krausgrill, U., & Egloff, B. (2008) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890802248786 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Anger suppression after imagined rejection among individuals with social anxiety
Breen, W. E., & Kashdan, T. B. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.04.009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Social Interaction Anxiety and the Discounting of Positive Interpersonal Events
Vassilopoulos, S., & Banerjee, R. (2010) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000433 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Interpretation of positive social events in social phobia: An examination of cognitive correlates and diagnostic distinction
Laposa, J. M., Cassin, S. E., & Rector, N. A. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.009 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A prospective examination of predictors of post-event processing following videotaped exposures in group cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with social phobia
Laposa, J. M., & Rector, N. A. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The moderated effects of video feedback for social anxiety disorder
Rodebaugh, T. L., Heimberg, R. G., Schultz, L. T., & Blackmore, M. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Those Who Think They Look Worst Respond Best: Self-observer Discrepancy Predicts Response to Video Feedback Following a Speech Task
Rodebaugh, T. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-9634-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2011) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Interpersonal problems in social phobia versus unipolar depression
Stangier, U., Esser, F., Leber, S., Risch, A. K., & Heidenreich, T. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20190 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Editorial—Special Issue Positivity Impairments: Pervasive and Impairing (Yet Nonprominent?) Features of Social Anxiety Disorder
Weeks, J. W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.680782 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
The enhancement of beneficial effects following audio feedback by cognitive preparation in the treatment of social anxiety: A single-session experiment
Nilsson, J.-E., Lundh, L., Faghihi, S., & Roth-Andersson, G. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.05.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Image Generation in Individuals with Generalized Social Phobia
Amir, N., Najmi, S., & Morrison, A. S. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9395-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: a systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal
Dryman, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.004 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social anxiety disorder and stuttering: current status and future directions.
Iverach, L., & Rapee, R. M. (2014) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.08.003 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Attention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Heeren, A., Mogoașe, C., Philippot, P., & McNally, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.001 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model
Wong, Q. J. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.069 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“Over the last 20 years, a number of reviews of risk factors for SAD along with theories about their interrelationships have been published (e.g., Morrison and Heimberg, 2013; Higa-McMillan and Ebesutani, 2011; Kimbrel, 2008; Ollendick and Benoit, 2012; Wong Table 1 Systematic search results: models…”
Background
Interpretation bias in social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chen, J., Short, M. A., & Kemps, E. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.121 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Safety Behaviors in Adults With Social Anxiety: Review and Future Directions.
Piccirillo, M., Dryman, M., & Heimberg, R. (2016) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.11.005 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder
Heimberg, R., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citation
A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder.
Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., Ciarrochi, J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035935 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“This unwillingness may in turn lead to maladaptive efforts to resist, escape, and avoid such experiences (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Brain oxytocin in social fear conditioning and its extinction: involvement of the lateral septum
Zoicas, I., Slattery, D. A., & Neumann, I. D. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.156 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder
Iancu, I., Bodner, E., & Ben-Zion, I. Z. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“According to the cognitive models of SAD [3,37], dysfunctional self-views play an important role in the maintenance of the disorder.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Role of Emotion and Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder
Jazaieri, H., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0531-3 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citation
Differentiating emotions across contexts: Comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling.
Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035796 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Unfortunately, the prevention mode inherent to SAD disrupts the ability to pay attention to situational and proprioceptive cues when emotionally aroused (see Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Kindred, R., & Bates, G. W. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032362 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
When negative interpretations persist, positive emotions don't! Inflexible negative interpretations encourage depression and social anxiety by dampening positive emotions
Everaert, J., Bronstein, M. V., Castro, A. A., Cannon, T. D., & Joormann, J. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103510 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Detection, processing and reinforcement of social cues: regulation by the oxytocin system
Menon, R., & Neumann, I. D. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00759-w · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Fear and avoidance of social situations is a characteristic feature of SAD 124 , which has been modelled in an operant social fear conditioning paradigm in mice 30,125 .”
BackgroundInfluential
Trait and Daily Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder
Blalock, D. V., Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9739-8 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“fear of having perceived flaws exposed in social situations, leading to negative evaluations and ultimately, rejection (Morrison and Heimberg 2013; Moscovitch 2009).”
Background
Social anxiety is characterized by biased learning about performance and the self.
Koban, L., Schneider, R., Ashar, Y. K., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Landy, L. N., Moscovitch, D. A., Wager, T. D., & Arch, J. J. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000296 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“…showed negatively biased, but not overall reduced social learning about themselves and their performance, suggests that learning biases may occur independently of or synergistically with known attentional biases (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013)—a possibility that future studies could test directly.”
Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on attentional bias for threat: a proof-of-concept study among individuals with social anxiety disorder
Heeren, A., Billieux, J., Philippot, P., Raedt, R. D., Baeken, C., de Timary, P., Maurage, P., & Vanderhasselt, M. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw119 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Indeed, as argued by cognitive theorists of SAD (Heimberg et al., 2010; Morrison and Heimberg, 2013; Wong and Rapee, 2016), AB for threat may interfere with the ability to process external nonthreat cues that disconfirm the negative beliefs of people with SAD when they encounter socially challenging situations.”
Background
Audience effects: what can they tell us about social neuroscience, theory of mind and autism?
Hamilton, A. F. D. C., & Lind, F. (2016) · Culture and Brain · doi:10.1007/s40167-016-0044-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Factor Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Heterogeneous Clinical Sample
Curtiss, J., & Klemanski, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9429-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effects of cognitive bias modification on social anxiety: A meta-analysis
Liu, H.-N., Li, X.-W., Han, B.-X., & Liu, X. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175107 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Relationship between Parenting Styles and Adolescents’ Social Anxiety in Migrant Families: A Study in Guangdong, China
Xu, J., Ni, S., Ran, M., & Zhang, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00626 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Social anxiety and problematic social media use: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu, W., Huang, L., & Yang, F. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107995 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Neural pathways of embarrassment and their modulation by social anxiety
Müller‐Pinzler, L., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., Sommer, J. B., Jansen, A., Frässle, S., Einhäuser, W., Paulus, F. M., & Krach, S. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.036 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Our correlational data with subclinical social anxiety support the notion that in public contexts, persons with greater social anxiety pay increased attention to others which might be related to the clinically well-described negative bias in terms of what the audience might think of them (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Theory of mind and peer relationships: The role of social anxiety
Ronchi, L., Banerjee, R. A., & Lecce, S. (2019) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12417 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…to which excessive self-focus during arousing social interactions precludes anxious children from attending important external social information (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013), such as others’ mental states (Colonnesi et al., 2016); thus negatively affecting social outcomes (Hughes & Devine, 2015).”
Background
Fear one, fear them all: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fear generalization in pathological anxiety
Fraunfelter, L.-A., Gerdes, A. B. M., & Alpers, G. W. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104707 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Developmental Epidemiology of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia in Adolescents
Knappe, S., Sasagawa, S., & Creswell, C. (2015) · Social Anxiety and Phobia in Adolescents · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Adolescents’ short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety
Jiang, L., & Yoo, Y. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01865-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Severe social anxiety can also cause social anxiety disorders in individuals [13, 14].”
Background
Undersociality: miscalibrated social cognition can inhibit social connection
Nicholas Epley, A., Kardas, M., Zhao, X., Atir, S., & Schroeder, J. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.02.007 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“For instance, one body of research confirms that people differ in social anxiety – those higher in social anxiety expect more negative evaluations from others, give more attention to potential threats in an interaction, and aremore socially avoidant [17].”
Background
Electrocortical measures of information processing biases in social anxiety disorder: A review
Harrewijn, A., Schmidt, L. A., Westenberg, P. M., Tang, A., & van der Molen, M. J. W. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Negativity-bias in forming beliefs about own abilities
Müller-Pinzler, L., Czekalla, N., Mayer, A. V., Stolz, D. S., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., Paulus, F. M., & Krach, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50821-w · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Does cognitive reappraisal reduce anxiety? A daily diary study of a micro-intervention with individuals with high social anxiety.
Kivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000075 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Impact of Islamic Counseling Intervention towards Students’ Mindfulness and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kadafi, A., Alfaiz, A., Ramli, M., Asri, D. N., & Finayanti, J. (2021) · Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal · doi:10.25217/igcj.v4i1.1018 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Social anxiety and threat-related interpretation of dynamic facial expressions: Sensitivity and response bias
Gutiérrez-García, A., & Calvo, M. G. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.025 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“There is indeed evidence that descriptions of ambiguous social scenarios are interpreted by socially anxious individuals in a more negative, or a less positive, manner than by non-anxious ones (see Mobini, Reynolds, & Mackintosh, 2013; Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Emotion regulation and biological stress responding: associations with worry, rumination, and reappraisal
Lewis, E. J., Yoon, K. L., & Joormann, J. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1310088 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Behavioural and neural correlates of self-focused emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder
Gaebler, M., Daniels, J. K., Lamke, J.-P., Fydrich, T., & Walter, H. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.130080 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“There is evidence that the attention bias in patients with SAD also manifests as diminished processing of positive (social) information.(7) Future studies should extend the investigation of voluntary emotion regulation through selffocused reappraisal to positively valenced stimuli.”
BackgroundInfluential
Neural correlates of negative expectancy and impaired social feedback processing in social anxiety
Gu, R., Ao, X., Mo, L., & Zhang, D. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa038 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-concept clarity and subjective social status as mediators between psychological suzhi and social anxiety in Chinese adolescents
Liu, G., Zhang, D., Pan, Y., Hu, T., He, N., Chen, W., & Wang, Z. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.067 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Social anxiety (SA) has been defined as a common human experience characterized by intense fear of evaluation by others in social situations (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Social anxiety is negatively associated with theory of mind and empathic accuracy.
Alvi, T., Kouros, C. D., Lee, J., Fulford, D., & Tabak, B. A. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000493 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Theoretical models posit that difficulties in interpersonal relationships in individuals with SAD may arise from a misunderstanding of others’ thoughts and intentions for both negative and positive content (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
A Multi-Informant Approach to Assessing Safety Behaviors among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination
Qasmieh, N., Makol, B. A., Augenstein, T. M., Lipton, M. F., Deros, D. E., Karp, J. N., Keeley, L. M., Truong, M. L., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1040-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Effect of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students: Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem
Liao, J., Xia, T., Xu, X., & Li, P. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080692 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“According to the cognitive model of social phobia [1,74], negative self-views play important roles in the maintenance of the disorder.”
BackgroundInfluential
Social anxiety in adult males with autism spectrum disorders
Spain, D., Happe, F. G. E., Johnston, P., Campbell, M., Sin, J., Daly, E., Ecker, C., Anson, M., Chaplin, E., Glaser, K., et al. (2016) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2016.08.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“In addition, the internal consistency of the measures in this ASD sample closely mirrored those reported from typically developing samples. processing, such as. deficits in emotion recognition, although findings are not wholly consistent (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Being watched: Effects of an audience on eye gaze and prosocial behaviour
Cañigueral, R., & Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2019) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.02.002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…analysis corroborates these studies by showing that people with social anxiety traits, who have increased concerns to gain social approval (Cremers & Roelofs, 2016; Morrison & Heimberg, 2013), are more likely to change their behaviour (to signal good reputation) when other people are observing.”
BackgroundResult
Personalized networks of social anxiety disorder and depression and implications for treatment
Piccirillo, M. L., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.034 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Too bad: Bias for angry faces in social anxiety interferes with identity processing.
Hagemann, J., Straube, T., & Schulz, C. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Unfamiliar Untrained Observers’ Ratings of Adolescent Safety Behaviors Within Social Interactions with Unfamiliar Peer Confederates
Rezeppa, T. L., Okuno, H., Qasmieh, N., Racz, S. J., Borelli, J. L., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Behavioral and EEG responses to social evaluation: A two-generation family study on social anxiety
Harrewijn, A., van der Molen, M. J. W., van Vliet, I. M., Tissier, R., & Westenberg, P. M. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.11.010 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Core eating disorder fears: Prevalence and differences in eating disorder fears across eating disorder diagnoses
Brown, M. L., & Levinson, C. A. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23728 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Social Distancing During A COVID-19 Lockdown Contributes to The Maintenance of Social Anxiety: A Natural Experiment
Arad, G., Shamai‐Leshem, D., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10231-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Social anxiety and behavioral assessments of social cognition: A systematic review
Alvi, T., Kumar, D., & Tabak, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.130 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neural circuit basis of pathological anxiety
Akiki, T. J., Jubeir, J., Bertrand, C., Tozzi, L., & Williams, L. M. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00880-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Individuals with SAD experience exaggerated fear and avoidance of social situations owing to concerns about negative evaluation or rejection 112 .”
The attention training technique, self-focused attention, and anxiety: A laboratory-based component study
Fergus, T. A., Wheless, N. E., & Wright, L. C. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.007 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Treatment of social approach processes in adults with social anxiety disorder
Alden, L. E., Buhr, K., Robichaud, M., Trew, J. L., & Plasencia, M. L. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000306 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Multiple outcome studies support the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral regimens in reducing SAD symptoms and maintaining treatment gains for up to 4 years (e.g., Clark et al., 2003, 2006; Heimberg et al., 1998; see Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Anxiety and speaking in people who stutter: An investigation using the emotional Stroop task
Hennessey, N. W., Dourado, E., & Beilby, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.11.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Models of anxiety, including those specific to social anxiety (e.g., Morrison & Heimberg, 2013), emphasise interactions between behavioural, physiological and cognitive components (Balsamo et al., 2013; Elwood et al., 2012).”
Background
Treating Social Anxiety in an Era of Social Distancing: Adapting Exposure Therapy for Youth During COVID-19
Khan, A. N., Bilek, E. L., Tomlinson, R. C., & Becker‐Haimes, E. M. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.12.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Automatic Neural Processing of Disorder-Related Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder: Faces and More
Schulz, C., Mothes‐Lasch, M., & Straube, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00282 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…of SAD might be due to automatic cognitive biases in the processing of social information (Beck et al., 1985; Clark and Wells, 1995; Bögels and Mansell, 2004; Morrison and Heimberg, 2013), such as increased automatic processing of angry faces (GilboaSchechtman et al., 1999; Mogg et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethod
Attention bias dynamics and symptom severity during and following CBT for social anxiety disorder.
Davis, M. L., Rosenfield, D., Bernstein, A., Zvielli, A., Reinecke, A., Beevers, C. G., Koster, E. H. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000125 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Attention bias is thereby thought to drive a variety of maladaptive processes implicated in social anxiety disorder (e.g., misinterpretation of threat; Clark & Wells, 1995; Heinrichs & Hofmann, 2001; Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Revisiting attentional processing of non-emotional cues in social anxiety: A specific impairment for the orienting network of attention
Heeren, A., Maurage, P., & Philippot, P. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.030 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Cognitive theorists have argued that AB may be causally implicated in the maintenance, and perhaps in the etiology, of SAD (Clark and Wells, 1995; Rapee and Heimberg, 1997; for a review, see Morrison and Heimberg (2013)).”
Large-scale brain functional network abnormalities in social anxiety disorder
Zhang, X., Yang, X., Wu, B., Pan, N., He, M., Wang, S., Kemp, G. J., & Gong, Q. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722003439 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The relationship between rejection sensitivity and social anxiety among Chinese college students: The mediating roles of loneliness and self-esteem
Lin, Y., & Fan, Z. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02443-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“More seriously, social anxiety will develop into social anxiety disorder (SAD) when it impairs social functioning (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
What does it take to be rigid? Reflections on the notion of rigidity in autism
Petrolini, V., Jorba, M., & Vicente, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1072362 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“skills are related to experiencing social anxiety [see (44)].”
Background
Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression
Everaert, J., Bernstein, A., Joormann, J., & Koster, E. H. W. (2020) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073919892069 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“…across a wide range of mental disorders (for reviews and meta-analyses, see Brooks, Prince, Stahl, Campbell, & Treasure, 2011; Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007; Field, Munafò, & Franken, 2009; Lazarov et al., 2019; Mitte, 2008; Morrison & Heimberg, 2013; Savulich, Shergill, & Yiend, 2012).”
Increased attention allocation to socially threatening faces in social anxiety disorder: A replication study
Lazarov, A., Basel, D., Dolan, S. C., Dillon, D. G., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Schneier, F. R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.063 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
ERP evidence for emotional sensitivity in social anxiety.
Cui, L.-X., Dong, X.-F., & Zhang, S. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.111 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Review of Scales to Measure Social Anxiety Disorder in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies
Wong, Q. J. J., Gregory, B., & McLellan, L. F. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0677-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Proneness to social anxiety modulates neural complexity in the absence of exposure: A resting state fMRI study using Hurst exponent
Gentili, C., Vanello, N., Cristea, I. A., David, D., Ricciardi, E., & Pietrini, P. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.03.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“According to cognitive models of SAD (Clark and Wells, 1995), the development of the disorder is not just related to emotional hyperactivity, but also to biased information, leading to abnormal and excessive responses (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Virtual Reality-Based Attention Bias Modification Training for Social Anxiety: A Feasibility and Proof of Concept Study
Urech, A., Krieger, T., Chesham, A., Mast, F. W., & Berger, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00154 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Q J Exp Psychol A (2001) 54(3):665–81.”
Influential
Effect of Parent–Child Attachment on College Students’ Social Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model
Yu, Y., Liu, S., Song, M., Fan, H., & Zhang, L. (2019) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119862981 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Association of factor V Leiden with Behçet's disease.
Mammo, L. A., Al-Dalaan, A., Bahabri, S., & Saour, J. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a Participatory and Interactive Virtual Reality Intervention in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: Longitudinal Questionnaire Study
Kim, H.-J., Lee, S., Jung, D., Hur, J.-W., Lee, H.-J., Lee, S., Kim, G., Cho, C., Choi, S., Lee, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/23024 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Cognitive and emotional components are known to be involved in the development of SAD [42].”
Background
Social anxiety disorder exhibit impaired networks involved in self and theory of mind processing
Cui, Q., Vanman, E. J., Long, Z., Pang, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Duan, X., Chen, H., Gong, Q., Zhang, W., et al. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx050 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Although many studies have emphasised the role of emotional dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SAD (Phan et al., 2006; Etkin and Wager, 2007), the contribution of impairments in self- and theory-of-mind (ToM)-processing remain relatively unexamined (Moscovitch, 2009; Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of post-exposure naps on exposure therapy for social anxiety
Pace-Schott, E. F., Bottary, R. M., Kim, S.-Y., Rosencrans, P. L., Vijayakumar, S., Orr, S. P., Lasko, N. B., Goetter, E. M., Baker, A. W., Bianchi, M. T., et al. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.015 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (APA, 2013) can occur with a range of severities varying from a circumscribed fear of public speaking to a debilitating generalized condition that severely limits social interactions (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Multimodal Brain MRI of Deep Gray Matter Changes Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Goodyear, B. G., Heidari, F., Ingram, R. J. M., Cortese, F., Sharifi, N., Kaplan, G. G., Ma, C., Panaccione, R., Sharkey, K. A., & Swain, M. G. (2022) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izac089 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of stress on sleep quality: multiple mediating effects of rumination and social anxiety
Zhang, J., Li, X., Tang, Z., Xiang, S., Tang, Y., Hu, W., Tan, C., & Wang, X. (2024) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-024-00294-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“This thinking pattern leads individuals to excessively focus on their performance in social situations and potential negative evaluations, thereby increasing the degree of social anxiety (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Background
Are individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder successful in regulating their emotions? A mixed-method investigation using self-report, subjective, and event-related potentials measures
Kivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.029 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fears and fear-related cognitions in children with selective mutism
Vogel, F., Gensthaler, A., Stahl, J., & Schwenck, C. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01281-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in social anxiety: a systematic investigation and meta-analysis using self-report, subjective, and event-related potentials measures
Kivity, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1446414 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“For example, in Heimberg’s updated model of social anxiety (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013), emotion dysregulation in social anxiety disorder (SAD) includes behavioural attempts to avoid feeling anxious (such as avoidance or escape from stressful situations) and expressive suppression due to believing…”
Background
Cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Spain, D., Sin, J., Harwood, L., Mendez, M. A., & Happé, F. (2017) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-07-2016-0020 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“This raises a question about whether SA in ASD is underpinned by impairments in social skills, unlike SA in other populations (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013; Rapee and Heimberg, 1997).”
Background
Longitudinal evaluation of anhedonia as a mediator of fear of positive evaluation and other depressive symptoms
Jordan, D. G., Winer, E. S., Salem, T., & Kilgore, J. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1289895 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“These results are somewhat unsurprising, however, when considering differences in heterogeneity between the constructs of depression and social anxiety (Fried & Nesse, 2015; Morrison & Heimberg, 2013).”
Result
Feasibility of NIRS-based neurofeedback training in social anxiety disorder: behavioral and neural correlates
Kimmig, A.-C. S., Dresler, T., Hudak, J., Haeussinger, F. B., Wildgruber, D., Fallgatter, A. J., Ehlis, A., & Kreifelts, B. (2018) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-018-1954-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Vulnerabilities in social anxiety: Integrating intra- and interpersonal perspectives
Ginat-Frolich, R., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Huppert, J. D., Aderka, I. M., Alden, L. E., Bar-Haim, Y., Becker, E. S., Bernstein, A., Geva, R., Heimberg, R. G., et al. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102415 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: A study of self-report, subjective, and electrocortical measures
Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Weiss, M., Elizur, J., & Huppert, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.021 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Effects of working memory training on EEG, cognitive performance, and self-report indices potentially relevant for social anxiety
Zhao, X., Dang, C., & Maes, J. H. R. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107840 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Brain activation to task-irrelevant disorder-related threat in social anxiety disorder: The impact of symptom severity
Heitmann, C. Y., Feldker, K., Neumeister, P., Brinkmann, L., Schrammen, E., Zwitserlood, P., & Straube, T. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.020 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Automatic threat processing, that is, the attentional capture by, and the detection and processing of, threat stimuli that are outside the current attentional focus and/or task-irrelevant (Carretié, 2014; Moors and De Houwer, 2006), is considered a critical factor for the development and maintenance of SAD and other a…”
Background
Targeted Memory Reactivation During REM Sleep in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder
Borghese, F., Henckaerts, P., Guy, F., Mayo, C., Delplanque, S., Schwartz, S., & Perogamvros, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904704 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“It is a chronic disorder with a lifetime prevalence rate of 13% and an early onset in adolescence (3, 4).”
Background
The Relationship between Perfectionism and Social Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model
Wang, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Lin, X., Sun, Y., Wang, N., Wang, J., & Luo, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912934 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“When it reaches a certain degree of severity such that functioning is impaired, it is referred to as social anxiety disorder [2].”
Background
How Important Is Temperament? the Relationship between Coping Styles, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety
Mairet, K. S., Boag, S., & Warburton, W. (2014) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The role of shame and self-criticism in social anxiety: a daily diary study in a nonclinical sample
Lazarus, G., & Shahar, B. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.2.107 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Parental phubbing and academic burnout in adolescents: the role of social anxiety and self-control
Jiang, Y., Lin, L., & Hu, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157209 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Social anxiety is one of the most prevalent anxiety symptoms in adolescents and is characterized by a strong and irrational feeling of embarrassment in social situations (Morrison and Heimberg, 2013; Alkozei et al., 2014).”
Background
Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder
Goldin, P. R., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Social Anxiety · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00017-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation: the moderating role of interpersonal distress
Siegel, D. M., Burke, T. A., Hamilton, J. L., Piccirillo, M. L., Scharff, A., & Alloy, L. B. (2018) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1482723 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adolescent social anxiety undermines adolescent-parent interbrain synchrony during emotional processing: A hyperscanning study
Deng, X., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Gao, Q., Li, X., & An, S. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100329 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Do I really feel better? Effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies depends on the measure and social anxiety
Daniel, K. E., Baee, S., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22970 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…self (Hope, Rapee, Heimberg, & Dombeck, 1990), this study examines whether social anxiety, a form of psychopathology that is intimately tied to emotion dysregulation (see Morrison & Heimberg, 2013, for review), moderates different ways of measuring the effectiveness of ER attempts in daily life.”
Background
Perfectionism and Perfectionistic Self-Presentation in Social Anxiety
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00007-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in social interaction: Physiological and emotional responses associated with social inhibition
Duijndam, S., Karreman, A., Denollet, J., & Kupper, N. H. M. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.013 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Disproportionate Impact of Fear of Negative Evaluation on First-Generation College Students, LGBTQ+ Students, and Students with Disabilities in College Science Courses
Busch, C. A., Wiesenthal, N. J., Mohammed, T. F., Anderson, S., Barstow, M., Custalow, C., Gajewski, J., Garcia, K., Gilabert, C. K., Hughes, J., et al. (2023) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.22-10-0195 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“FNE is also distinct from social anxiety, which pertains to affective reactions in social situations regardless of whether evaluation from others occurs (Weeks et al. , 2005; Morrison and Heimberg, 2013).”
Social anxiety and perception of (un)trustworthiness in smiling faces
Gutiérrez-García, A., & Calvo, M. G. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Social anxiety and trustworthiness judgments of dynamic facial expressions of emotion
Gutiérrez-García, A., & Calvo, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.04.003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A pilot randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy versus attentional bias modification for social anxiety disorder: An examination of outcomes and theory-based mechanisms.
Huppert, J., Kivity, Y., Cohen, L., Strauss, A. Y., Elizur, Y., & Weiss, M. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Social interaction anxiety, social phobia, and cognitive control: controlled reactions to facial affect during an emotional face flanker task
du Rocher, A. R., & Pickering, A. D. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04624-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Moreover, self-report studies show that both trait social interaction anxiety and trait social phobia are negatively correlated with dispo-sitional attentional control (Morrison & Heimberg, 2013b).”

Self-focused cognition in social anxiety: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature
Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2016) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2016.2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder
Heimberg, R., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00024-8 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citation
Chapter 16 – Cognitive Biases in Social Anxiety Disorder
Kuckertz, J. M., & Amir, N. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00016-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ANXIETY DISORDERS (A PELISSOLO, SECTION EDITOR) The Role of Emotion and Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder
Jazaieri, H., Morrison, A. S., & Gross, J. J. (2015)
Self-citation
Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes
Schultz, L. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.04.003 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
ORCID: Morrison, Amanda S.
Heimberg, Richard G.
Venue: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2013-03-28
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 249-274
ISSN: 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
1548-5951
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631
OpenAlex: W2147509803
Cited by: 480
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 3.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: social anxiety, social anxiety disorder, cognitive-behavioral model, attentional bias, interpretation bias, implicit associations, imagery, visual memory, positive affectivity, anger, self-focus, safety behavior, post-event processing, social anxiety treatment
MeSH terms: Attention, Emotions, Humans, Models, Psychological, Phobic Disorders, Self Concept

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks