Cited by 140Reading and Literacy DevelopmentSecond Language Acquisition and LearningLiteracy and Educational Practices

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Relations Among Oral and Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Middle School: Implications for Identification and Instruction of Students With Reading Difficulties

Open access

Denton, Carolyn A., Barth, Amy E., Fletcher, Jack M., Wexler, Jade, Vaughn, Sharon, Cirino, Paul T., Romain, Melissa, Francis, David J.·2011·Scientific Studies of Reading

DOI 10.1080/10888431003623546PMC PMC3104321

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among oral and silent reading fluency and reading comprehension for students in Grades 6 to 8 (n = 1,421) and the use of fluency scores to identify middle school students who are at risk for failure on a high-stakes reading test. Results indicated moderate positive relations between measures of fluency and comprehension. Oral reading fluency (ORF) on passages was more strongly related to reading comprehension than ORF on word lists. A group-administered silent reading sentence verification test approximated the classification accuracy of individually administered ORF passages. The correlation between a maze task and comprehension was weaker than has been reported for elementary students. The best predictor of a high-stakes reading comprehension test was the previous year's administration of the grade-appropriate test; fluency and verbal knowledge measures accounted for only small amounts of unique variance beyond that accounted for by the previous year's administration.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/10888431003623546

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading
LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90015-2 · Cited by 3,841
Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_180722 · Cited by 1,565
Oral Reading Fluency as an Indicator of Reading Competence: A Theoretical, Empirical, and Historical Analysis
Fuchs, L. S., Fuchs, D., Hosp, M. K., & Jenkins, J. R. (2001) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0503_3 · Cited by 1,527
Test of Word Reading Efficiency
Dumont, R., & Willis, J. O. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced2080 · Cited by 1,271
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_183806 · Cited by 1,089
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills
Sandman, A. (2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506326139.n214 · Cited by 1,051
Curriculum-based measurement: Assessing special children.
Shinn, M. R. (1989) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 919
The use of receiver operating characteristic curves in biomedical informatics
Lasko, T. A., Bhagwat, J. G., Zou, K. H., & Lucila Ohno-machado, A. (2005) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2005.02.008 · Cited by 821
Children's Reading Comprehension and Assessment
Paris, S. G. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410612762 · Cited by 711
Reading Comprehension Tests Vary in the Skills They Assess: Differential Dependence on Decoding and Oral Comprehension
Keenan, J. M., Betjemann, R. S., & Olson, R. K. (2008) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888430802132279 · Cited by 702

Show all 47 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Barth , A. E. , Denton , C. A. , Cirino , P. T. , Fletcher , J. M. and Francis , D. 2010 . The diagnostic utility of oral reading fluency measures for middle school students , Manuscript in preparation .
Biancarosa , G. and Snow , C.E. 2004 . Reading next—A vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy: A report from Carnegie of New York , Washington, DC : Alliance for Excellence in Education .
Hammill , D. D. , Wiederholt , J. L. and Allen , E. A. 2006 . Test of Silent Contextual Reading Fluency , Austin, TX : Pro-Ed. .
Jenkins J. R. (2003). Candidate measures for screening at-risk students . Paper presented at the Conference on Response to Treatment as Learning Disabilities Identification Kansas City MO. http://www.nrcld.org/symposium2003/jenkins/index.html (http://www.nrcld.org/symposium2003/jenkins/index.html)
Shinn , M. R. and Shinn , M. M. 2002 . AIMSweb training workbook , Eden Prairie, MN : Edformation .
University of Houston . 2008 . Texas Middle School Fluency Assessment , Houston, TX : Author .
Vander Meer , C. D. , Lentz , F. E. and Stollar , S. 2005 . The relationship between oral reading fluency and Ohio proficiency testing in reading , Eugene, OR : University of Oregon .
Williams , K. T. 2001 . Group Reading Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation , Shoreview, MN : Pearson AGS Globe .

Sorted by citations

Derivational morphological awareness, academic vocabulary, and reading comprehension in linguistically diverse sixth graders
Kieffer, M. J., & Box, C. D. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.12.017 · Cited by 164
Curriculum-based measurement of oral reading (R-CBM): A diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of evidence supporting use in universal screening
Kilgus, S. P., Methe, S. A., Maggin, D. M., & Tomasula, J. L. (2014) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2014.06.002 · Cited by 155
Computer instruction in handwriting, spelling, and composing for students with specific learning disabilities in grades 4–9
Berninger, V. W., Nagy, W., Tanimoto, S., Thompson, R., & Abbott, R. D. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.005 · Cited by 110
“…and oral reading of passages with context clues), but beginning in fourth grade and thereafter there is a transition to increasing silent reading (Denton et al., 2011; Hale et al., 2007; Hiebert, Samuels, & Rasinski, 2012; Rasinski, Samuels, Hiebert, Petscher, & Feller, 2011) and written…”
Background
Reading comprehension difficulty is often distinct from difficulty in reading fluency and accompanied with problems in motivation and school well-being
Torppa, M., Vasalampi, K., Eklund, K., Sulkunen, S., & Niemi, P. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1670334 · Cited by 120
Relations between CBM (oral reading and maze) and reading comprehension on state achievement tests: A meta-analysis
Shin, J. H., & McMaster, K. L. (2019) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2019.03.005 · Cited by 90
The Efficacy of Repeated Reading and Wide Reading Practice for High School Students with Severe Reading Disabilities
Wexler, J., Vaughn, S. R., Roberts, G., & Denton, C. A. (2010) · Learning Disabilities Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5826.2009.00296.x · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Examining the Relationship Between Word Reading Efficiency and Oral Reading Rate in Predicting Comprehension Among Different Types of Readers
Eason, S. H., Sabatini, J., Goldberg, L. F., Bruce, K., & Cutting, L. E. (2012) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2011.652722 · Cited by 88
In search of average growth: Describing within-year oral reading fluency growth across Grades 1–8
Nese, J. F. T., Biancarosa, G., Cummings, K. D., Kennedy, P. C., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. A. (2013) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.05.006 · Cited by 74
The Prevalence of Reading Fluency and Vocabulary Difficulties Among Adolescents Struggling With Reading Comprehension
Clemens, N. H., Simmons, D. C., Simmons, L. E., Wang, H., & Kwok, O. (2016) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282916662120 · Cited by 82
Morphological Awareness and Reading Difficulties in Adolescent Spanish-Speaking Language Minority Learners and Their Classmates
Kieffer, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219413509968 · Cited by 66
Assessing reading fluency in Kenya: Oral or silent assessment?
Piper, B., & Zuilkowski, S. S. (2015) · International Review of Education · doi:10.1007/s11159-015-9470-4 · Cited by 56
The Decline of Comprehension‐Based Silent Reading Efficiency in the United States: A Comparison of Current Data With Performance in 1960
Spichtig, A. N., Hiebert, E. H., Vorstius, C., Pascoe, J. P., Pearson, P. D., & Radach, R. R. (2016) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.137 · Cited by 62
The direct and indirect effects of word reading and vocabulary on adolescents’ reading comprehension: Comparing struggling and adequate comprehenders
Oslund, E. L., Clemens, N. H., Simmons, D. C., & Simmons, L. E. (2017) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-017-9788-3 · Cited by 51
Thoughts on Rethinking Response to Intervention With Secondary Students
Vaughn, S. R., & Fletcher, J. M. (2010) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2010.12087780 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Screening Assessment Within a Multi-Tiered System of Support: Current Practices, Advances, and Next Steps
Clemens, N. H., Keller‐Margulis, M. A., Scholten, T., & Yoon, M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7568-3_12 · Cited by 50
Revisiting Key Assumptions of the Reading Level Framework
Halladay, J. L. (2012) · The Reading Teacher · doi:10.1002/trtr.01093 · Cited by 44
The Role of Reading Anxiety among Struggling Readers in Fourth and Fifth Grade
Macdonald, K. T., Cirino, P. T., Miciak, J., & Grills, A. E. (2021) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2021.1874580 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Teaching Word Identification to Students with Reading Difficulties and Disabilities
Denton, C. A., & Otaiba, S. A. (2011) · Focus on Exceptional Children · doi:10.17161/foec.v43i7.6911 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Cross-linguistic investigations of oral and silent reading
Coupé, C., Oh, Y. M., Pellegrino, F., & Marsico, E. (2014) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2014-127 · Cited by 35
Using Complexity Metrics to Assess Silent Reading Fluency: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Oral and Silent Reading
O'BRIEN, B. A., Wallot, S., Haussmann, A., & Kloos, H. (2013) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2013.862248 · Cited by 34
English language learners and reading instruction: A review of the literature
Snyder, E., Witmer, S. E., & Schmitt, H. A. (2016) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2016.1219301 · Cited by 33
The role of word decoding, vocabulary knowledge and meta‐cognitive knowledge in monolingual and bilingual low‐achieving adolescents' reading comprehension
van Steensel, R., Oostdam, R., van Gelderen, A. J. S., & van Schooten, E. (2014) · Journal of Research in Reading · doi:10.1111/1467-9817.12042 · Cited by 34
Beyond word recognition, fluency, and vocabulary: The influence of reasoning on reading comprehension
Ribeiro, I., Cadime, I., Freitas, T., & Viana, F. L. (2015) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12095 · Cited by 33
CBM reading, mathematics, and written expression at the secondary level: Examining latent composite relations among indices and unique predictions with a state achievement test.
Codding, R. S., Petscher, Y., & Truckenmiller, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037520 · Cited by 32
Computerized Silent Reading Rate and Strategy Instruction for Fourth Graders at Risk in Silent Reading Rate
Niedo, J., Lee, Y.-L., Breznitz, Z., & Berninger, V. W. (2013) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0731948713507263 · Cited by 30
Sustained Attention and Behavioral Ratings of Attention in Struggling Readers
Macdonald, K. T., Barnes, M. A., Miciak, J., Roberts, G., Halverson, K. K., Vaughn, S. R., & Cirino, P. T. (2020) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2020.1826950 · Cited by 34
Self-citation
Diagnostic Accuracy of Multivariate Universal Screening Procedures for Reading in Upper Elementary Grades
Klingbeil, D. A., Nelson, P. M., Norman, E. R. V., & Birr, C. (2017) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/0741932517697446 · Cited by 27
Relationships among Fourth Graders’ Reading Anxiety, Reading Fluency, Reading Motivation, and Reading Comprehension
Yamaç, A., & Sezgin, Z. Ç. (2018) · TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM · doi:10.15390/eb.2018.7555 · Cited by 27
The Relationship Between Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension in Fifth-Grade Turkish Students
Yıldız, M., Yıldırım, K., Ateş, S., Rasinski, T. V., Fitzgerald, S. M., & Zimmerman, B. S. (2014) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2013.854187 · Cited by 27
How vocabulary knowledge of middle-school students from low socioeconomic backgrounds influences comprehension processes and outcomes
Oslund, E. L., Clemens, N. H., Simmons, D. C., Smith, S. L., & Simmons, L. E. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.11.013 · Cited by 26
Oral reading fluency as a screening tool with English learners: A systematic review
Newell, K. W., Codding, R. S., & Fortune, T. W. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22406 · Cited by 29
The Importance of Baseline Word Reading Skills in Examining Student Response to a Multicomponent Reading Intervention
Daniel, J., Vaughn, S. R., Roberts, G., & Grills, A. E. (2021) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194211010349 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers
Clemens, N. H., Hsiao, Y., Lee, K., Martinez‐Lincoln, A., Moore, C. A., Toste, J. R., & Simmons, L. E. (2020) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219420932139 · Cited by 34
The Indicating Factors of Oral Reading Fluency of Monolingual and Bilingual Children in Egypt
Hussien, A. M. (2014) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v7n2p75 · Cited by 22
How fast can we read in the mind? Developmental trajectories of silent reading fluency
Ciuffo, M., Myers, J., Ingrassia, M., Milanese, A., Venuti, M., Alquino, A., Baradello, A., Stella, G., & Gagliano, A. (2017) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-017-9744-2 · Cited by 22
Examining the Effects of Skill Level and Reading Modality on Reading Comprehension
Dickens, R. H., & Meisinger, E. B. (2015) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2015.1055869 · Cited by 26
Silent reading fluency: Implications for the assessment of adults with developmental dyslexia
Gagliano, A., Ciuffo, M., Ingrassia, M., Ghidoni, E., Angelini, D., Benedetto, L., Germanò, E., & Stella, G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1072498 · Cited by 20
Comprehension and rate during silent reading: Why do some students do poorly?
Hiebert, E. H., & Daniel, M. H. (2018) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-018-9917-7 · Cited by 19
Examining the Effects of Reading Modality and Passage Genre on Reading Comprehension in Middle School Students
Dickens, R. H., & Meisinger, E. B. (2016) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2016.1263701 · Cited by 24
Assessing oral reading fluency within and across grade levels: Development of equated test forms
Rodrigues, B., Cadime, I., Freitas, T., Choupina, C., Baptista, A., Viana, F. L., & Ribeiro, I. (2022) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-022-01806-7 · Cited by 18
Advanced (Measurement) Applications of Curriculum-Based Measurement in Reading
Petscher, Y., Cummings, K. D., Biancarosa, G., & Fien, H. (2012) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508412461434 · Cited by 18
Universal Screening Methods and Models: Diagnostic Accuracy of Reading Assessments
VanMeveren, K., Hulac, D., & Shervey, S. W. (2018) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508418819797 · Cited by 18
A Comparison of Methods to Screen Middle School Students for Reading and Math Difficulties
Nelson, P. M., Norman, E. R. V., & Lackner, S. K. (2016) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr45-3.327-342 · Cited by 18
Understanding the nature and severity of reading difficulties among students with language and reading comprehension difficulties
Capin, P., Gillam, S. L., Fall, A., Roberts, G., Dille, J. T., & Gillam, R. B. (2022) · Annals of Dyslexia · doi:10.1007/s11881-022-00255-3 · Cited by 28
Silent reading fluency using underlining: Evidence for an alternative method of assessment
Price, K. W., Meisinger, E. B., Louwerse, M. M., & D’Mello, S. K. (2012) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21613 · Cited by 17
The Effects of Morphemic Vocabulary Instruction on Prefix Vocabulary and Sentence Comprehension for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities
Brown, S. H., Kraft, B. L., & Forbush, D. E. (2016) · Education and Treatment of Children · doi:10.1353/etc.2016.0014 · Cited by 17
Reviewing Evidence on the Relations Between Oral Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension for Adolescents
Washburn, J. (2021) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194211045122 · Cited by 30
Text reading speed in a language with a shallow orthography benefits less from comprehension as reading ability matures
Carretti, B., Toffalini, E., Saponaro, C., Viola, F., & Cornoldi, C. (2019) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12307 · Cited by 20
Screening in the Upper Elementary Grades: Identifying Fourth-Grade Students At-Risk for Failing the State Reading Assessment
Kent, S. C., Wanzek, J., & Yun, J. (2018) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508418758371 · Cited by 15
The Relationship Between Reading Fluency and Vocabulary in Fifth Grade Turkish Students
Yıldırım, K., Rasinski, T. V., Ateş, S., Fitzgerald, S. M., Zimmerman, B. S., & Yıldız, M. (2013) · Literacy Research and Instruction · doi:10.1080/19388071.2013.812166 · Cited by 14
Relationships between Turkish Eighth-Grade Students’ Oral Reading Efficacy, Reading Comprehension and Achievement Scores on a High-Stakes Achievement Test
Yıldız, M., Uysal, P. K., Bilge, H., Wolters, A. P., Saka, Y., Yıldırım, K., & Rasinski, T. V. (2019) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2018.1555363 · Cited by 14
Teaching Word Identification to Students with Reading Difficulties and Disabilities
Denton, C. A., & Otaiba, S. A. (2017) · Focus on Exceptional Children · doi:10.17161/fec.v43i7.6911 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Direct and Indirect Effects of Inhibition and Flexibility to Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, and Decoding in Spanish
Escobar, J., & Díaz, R. R. (2022) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2022.2141395 · Cited by 17
Predicting reading comprehension academic achievement in late adolescents with velo‐cardio‐facial (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome ( VCFS ): a longitudinal study
Antshel, K. M., Hier, B. O., Fremont, W. P., Faraone, S. V., & Kates, W. R. (2014) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12134 · Cited by 13
Reading Fluency Instruction for Students at Risk for Reading Failure
Ring, J. J., Barefoot, L. C., Avrit, K. J., Brown, S. A., & Black, J. L. (2012) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/0741932511435175 · Cited by 12
Oral Reading Fluency as a Predictor of Silent Reading Fluency at Secondary and Postsecondary Levels
Seok, S., & DaCosta, B. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.342 · Cited by 11
Phrase-Reading Mediates Between Words and Syntax in Struggling Adolescent Readers
Nomvete, P., & Easterbrooks, S. R. (2019) · Communication Disorders Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1525740119825616 · Cited by 11
Understanding the Relationship between Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: Fluency Strategies as a Focus for Instruction
Cotter, J. A. (2012) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College) · Cited by 11
Implementing Response to Intervention in Secondary Schools
Shinn, M. R., Windram, H., & Bollman, K. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7568-3_32 · Cited by 10
Reading, linguistic, and metacognitive skills: are they reciprocally related past the first school years?
Rodrigues, B., Ribeiro, I., & Cadime, I. (2022) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-022-10333-y · Cited by 13
The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Enhancing Reading Comprehension of Ninth Grade Students
Gubalani, J., Basco, J., Bulig, M. R., & Bacatan, J. R. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies · doi:10.53103/cjlls.v3i4.108 · Cited by 10
Word- and Text-Level Reading Difficulties in Students With Dyslexia
Meisinger, E. B., Breazeale, A. M., & Davis, L. H. (2021) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.1177/07319487211037256 · Cited by 13
Eyes Up, Down, All Around: Mind Wandering and Reading in Adolescents with ADHD
Gray, C. (2016) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/26136 · Cited by 9
Reading Arabic Shallow and Deep Genres: Indispensible Variables to Science of Reading
Hussien, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Education and Learning · doi:10.5539/jel.v3n1p60 · Cited by 8
A cost-effectiveness analysis of four approaches to universal screening for reading risk in upper elementary and middle school
Paly, B. J., Klingbeil, D. A., Clemens, N. H., & Osman, D. J. (2022) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.03.009 · Cited by 8
Öğrencilerin Doğru ve Akıcı Sessiz Sözcük Okuma Becerileriyle Kavrama Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Çetinkaya, G., Ülper, H., & Yağmur, K. (2015) · İlköğretim Online · doi:10.17051/io.2015.40893 · Cited by 8
Supporting Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders’ Comprehension and Reading Fluency
Garwood, J. D., Ciullo, S. P., & Brunsting, N. C. (2017) · Teaching Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/0040059917707434 · Cited by 8
Examining Predictive Validity of Oral Reading Fluency Slope in Upper Elementary Grades Using Quantile Regression
Cho, E., Capin, P., Roberts, G., & Vaughn, S. R. (2017) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219417719887 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Development and validation of a rapid and precise online sentence reading efficiency assessment
Yeatman, J. D., Tran, J. E., Burkhardt, A. K., Ma, W. A., Mitchell, J. L., Yablonski, M., Gijbels, L., Townley-Flores, C., & Richie-Halford, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1494431 · Cited by 7
Making Sense of Reading Comprehension Assessments: Guidance for Evaluating Student Performance
Collins, A. A., & Lindström, E. R. (2021) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/1053451221994806 · Cited by 7
The Validity of Two Tests of Silent Reading Fluency: A Meta-Analytic Review
Wissinger, D. R., Truckenmiller, A. J., Konek, A. E., & Ciullo, S. P. (2023) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2023.2175340 · Cited by 7
Do Oral and Silent Word-Reading Fluency Rely on the Same Cognitive-Linguistic Skills? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in Greek
Georgiou, G. K., & Rothou, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-024-10090-9 · Cited by 7
Factors affecting the reading comprehension of secondary students with disabilities
Sanford, K. L. (2015) · Cited by 7
When a silent reading fluency test measures more than reading fluency: academic language features predict the test performance of students with a non-German home language
Berendes, K., Wagner, W., Meurers, D., & Trautwein, U. (2018) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-018-9878-x · Cited by 9
Unpacking automaticity: Scaffolded texts and comprehension
Hiebert, E. H. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.1394 · Cited by 7
Comparing Curriculum-Based Measures and Extant Datasets for Universal Screening in Middle School Reading
Stevenson, N. A. (2017) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508417690399 · Cited by 6
The mediating effects of reading fluency, comprehension strategies and prior knowledge on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension
SANIR, H., Özmen, E. R., & Özer, A. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03084-0 · Cited by 7
WordSword: An Efficient Online Word Reading Assessment for Global English
Ho, J. C., McBride, C. A., Lui, K. F. H., & Łockiewicz, M. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231194971 · Cited by 10
Relations among Contextual Silent Reading Fluency, Non-contextual Silent Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension: A Path Analysis of Fifth-grade Readers
Ateş, S., Yıldırım, K., Can, R., & TÜRKYILMAZ, M. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.882 · Cited by 5
A Short Test of English Silent Word Reading for English Language Learners
Kalindi, S. C., McBride, C. A., Chan, S., Chung, K. H. K., Lee, C., Maurer, U., & Tong, X. (2015) · Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts · doi:10.5723/csac.2015.5.2.095 · Cited by 5
A Comparison of Two Content Area Curriculum-Based Measurement Tools
Ford, J. W., Conoyer, S. J., Lembke, E. S., Smith, R. A., & Hosp, J. L. (2017) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508417736753 · Cited by 5
The Relation Among Phonological Processing, Oral and Silent Reading Fluency, and Reading Comprehension for Students with Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Investigation
Robinson, M. F., & Meisinger, E. B. (2021) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2021.1972880 · Cited by 5
Reading fluency and pitch discrimination abilities in children with learning disabilities
Lu, H., Zhang, K., & Liu, Q. (2020) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-209037 · Cited by 4
Comparing the effectiveness of reading modifications on comprehension accuracy and reading comprehension rate
Bouck, E. C., Truckenmiller, A. J., Bone, E. K., & Flanagan, S. M. (2021) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2021.1875393 · Cited by 4
Time tells: longitudinal changes in teachers’ beliefs and behaviour when implementing reading innovations
Ehlert, M., Smedt, F. D., Keer, H. V., & Souvignier, E. (2025) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-025-00975-1 · Cited by 3
Continuous texts or word lists? Exploring the effects and the process of repeated reading depending on the reading material and students’ reading abilities
Ehlert, M., Beck, J., Förster, N., & Souvignier, E. (2024) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-024-10536-5 · Cited by 3
The Relationships of Oral Reading Fluency at Word, Sentence, and Passage Levels and Reading Comprehension in Chinese
Jhuo, R.-A., Hui, C.-I., Chen, J., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-024-10083-8 · Cited by 3
Selected Code-Related and Language- Related Factors of Reading Comprehension for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students
Falk, J. L. (2016) · doi:10.7916/d8tm7bjn · Cited by 3
Oral reading fluency and prosody: A preliminary analysis of the Greek language
Sarris, M., & Dimakos, I. C. (2015) · Cited by 3
The Effects of Nursery Rhymes on Improv-ing Reading Fluency of Fourth-Grade Primary School Students
TEKŞAN, K., & Yılmaz-Alkan, Z. (2020) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2020459468 · Cited by 3
Predicting Reading Fluency Groups Using Decision Trees in 6-Year-Old Children: Focusing on Language, Early Literacy, Speech Sound Ability, Gender, Age, and SES
Lee, E. J. (2023) · Eon'eo cheong'gag jang'ae yeon'gu/Communication sciences & disorders · doi:10.12963/csd.23959 · Cited by 3
Modeling Growth in Reading With Curriculum-Based Measurement Versus Computer-Adaptive Tests
Norman, E. R. V., & Forcht, E. R. (2024) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/15345084241292731 · Cited by 2
Relationship between executive functions and reading fluency in reading comprehension
Colombino, C. C., Reali, F., & Cuadro, A. (2025) · Revista de Investigación en Logopedia · doi:10.5209/rlog.101343 · Cited by 4
The oral and silent reading ability of grade seven students of Calamba Bayside Integrated School
Cruz, R. L. D., & Recillo, M. L. B. (2021) · International Journal of Research Studies in Education · doi:10.5861/ijrse.2021.a082 · Cited by 2
Universal Screening with aimswebPlus Reading in Middle School
Klingbeil, D. A., Osman, D. J., Norman, E. R. V., Berry‐Corie, K., Kim, J. S., Schmitt, M. C., & Latham, A. D. (2022) · Reading & Writing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10573569.2022.2084657 · Cited by 2
A utilização da plataforma “Ainda Estou a Aprender” na avaliação e na intervenção nas dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura: um estudo de caso
Ribeiro, I., Santos, S., Baptista, A., Choupina, C., Brandão, S. S., Cadime, I., Silva, C., Azevedo, H., & Viana, F. L. (2017) · Calidoscópio · doi:10.4013/cld.2017.151.03 · Cited by 2
Automated Scoring of Students’ Small‐Group Discussions to Assess Reading Ability
Kosh, A. E., Greene, J. A., Murphy, P. K., Burdick, H., Firetto, C. M., & Elmore, J. (2017) · Educational Measurement Issues and Practice · doi:10.1111/emip.12174 · Cited by 3
Generating Reliable Feedback About Students’ Performances Within an Automated Reading Tutor
Sheehan, K. M., & Napolitano, D. (2019) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/0735633119845412 · Cited by 2
Text segmentation ability predicts future reading efficiency in Spanish-speaking children
Torres-Díaz, R., Mosquera, R., Ontivero-Ortega, M., Quintana, Y. R., Alemañy, E. G., Alvarez-Rivero, A., Ojeda-Núñez, J. A., López, B. P., Morales, B. R., & Valdés-Sosa, M. J. (2020) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103015 · Cited by 3
Fluência de Leitura, Reconhecimento de Palavras e Compreensão Leitora em Alunos do 4º ao 9º Ano do Ensino Fundamental: Revisão Sistemática
Brito, G., Ribeiro, C. F., Fernandes, P. L. D., Julião, B. O., Alves, R. J. R., & Seabra, A. G. (2023) · Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.10533 · Cited by 2

Authors: Denton, C. A., Barth, A. E., Fletcher, J. M., Wexler, J., Vaughn, S., Cirino, P. T., Romain, M., & Francis, D. J.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
University of Houston (US)
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author: Denton, Carolyn A.
ORCID: Denton, Carolyn A.
Barth, Amy E.
Fletcher, Jack M.
Wexler, Jade
Vaughn, Sharon
Cirino, Paul T.
Francis, David J.
Venue: Scientific Studies of Reading
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2011-01-13
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-135
ISSN: 1088-8438 (ISSN-L)
1532-799X
DOI: 10.1080/10888431003623546
PMC: PMC3104321
OpenAlex: W2065223846
Cited by: 140
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 20.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Scientific Studies of Reading (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD052117, K08HD068545)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
Social Sciences › Education › Literacy and Educational Practices
Keywords: oral reading fluency, reading comprehension, junior high school students, reading difficulties, maze task, verbal knowledge, reading achievement prediction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Relations Among Oral and Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Middle School: Implications for Identification and Instruction of Students With Reading Difficulties

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks