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Does perceived direct gaze boost detection in adults and children with and without autism? The stare-in-the-crowd effect revisited
Abstract
This study extended that of von Grünau and Anston (1995) and explored whether perceived direct gaze is easily detected by individuals with and without autism, utilizing a visual-search paradigm. Participants detected target faces with either direct gaze or averted gaze. Laterally averted faces were used to eliminate the involvement of lower perceptual characteristics such as symmetry, which were inherent with the “straight gaze” used by von Grünau and Anston. Both typically developed adults and children detected targets with direct gaze more quickly than those with averted gaze, but face inversion distorted this asymmetrical performance, suggesting the contribution of configurative facial processing. In contrast, children with autism were not affected by the gaze direction presented by realistic facial stimuli. They were, however, faster to detect straight gaze defined solely by local features, which suggests that their impairment might be specific to the detection of direct gaze presented within a facial context.
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“Senju, Hasegawa, and Tojo (2005) extended their previous result to a visual search paradigm, demonstrating that children with ASD show no search-time advantage for a face looking directly at the viewer, rather than a face with averted gaze, unlike control participants.”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Senju et al. (2005)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Senju, A., Hasegawa, T., & Tojo, Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- National Institute of Special Education (JP)
- ORCID
- Senju, Atsushi
- Venue
- Visual Cognition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1474-1496
- ISSN
- 1350-6285 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0716
- OpenAlex
- W2073302779
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Visual Cognition (publishedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- averted gaze, autism spectrum disorder, face perception, visual search, face inversion, gaze direction, children with autism
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