Cited by 148Face Recognition and PerceptionAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning Development

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Does perceived direct gaze boost detection in adults and children with and without autism? The stare-in-the-crowd effect revisited

Senju, Atsushi, Hasegawa, Toshikazu, Tojo, Yoshikuni·2005·Visual Cognition

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Abstract

This study extended that of von Grünau and Anston (1995) and explored whether perceived direct gaze is easily detected by individuals with and without autism, utilizing a visual-search paradigm. Participants detected target faces with either direct gaze or averted gaze. Laterally averted faces were used to eliminate the involvement of lower perceptual characteristics such as symmetry, which were inherent with the “straight gaze” used by von Grünau and Anston. Both typically developed adults and children detected targets with direct gaze more quickly than those with averted gaze, but face inversion distorted this asymmetrical performance, suggesting the contribution of configurative facial processing. In contrast, children with autism were not affected by the gaze direction presented by realistic facial stimuli. They were, however, faster to detect straight gaze defined solely by local features, which suggests that their impairment might be specific to the detection of direct gaze presented within a facial context.

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Self-citation

Authors: Senju, A., Hasegawa, T., & Tojo, Y.
Affiliations: The University of Tokyo (JP)
National Institute of Special Education (JP)
ORCID: Senju, Atsushi
Venue: Visual Cognition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2005-11
Volume: 12
Issue: 8
Pages: 1474-1496
ISSN: 1350-6285 (ISSN-L)
1464-0716
DOI: 10.1080/13506280444000797
OpenAlex: W2073302779
Cited by: 148
References: 59
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 2.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Visual Cognition (publishedVersion)
BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords: averted gaze, autism spectrum disorder, face perception, visual search, face inversion, gaze direction, children with autism

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Does perceived direct gaze boost detection in adults and children with and without autism? The stare-in-the-crowd effect revisited

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