Cited by 878Mental Health Treatment and AccessGender Roles and Identity StudiesPsychology and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: The influence of help-seeking attitudes

Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., Knox, V. J.·2006·Aging & Mental Health

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to explore age and gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and to examine whether attitudes negatively influence intentions to seek help among older adults and men, whose mental health needs are underserved. To achieve these objectives 206 community-dwelling adults completed questionnaires measuring help-seeking attitudes, psychiatric symptomatology, prior help-seeking, and intentions to seek help. Older age and female gender were associated with more positive help-seeking attitudes in this sample, although age and gender interacted with marital status and education, and had varying influences on different attitude components. Age and gender also influenced intentions to seek professional psychological help. Women exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from mental health professionals than men, likely due to their positive attitudes concerning psychological openness. Older adults exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from primary care physicians than younger adults, a finding that was not explained by age differences in attitudes. Results from this study suggest that negative attitudes related to psychological openness might contribute to men's underutilization of mental health services. Help-seeking attitudes do not appear to be a barrier to seeking professional help among older adults, although their intentions to visit primary care physicians might be. These findings suggest the need for education to improve men's help-seeking attitudes and to enhance older adults' willingness to seek specialty mental health services.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/13607860600641200

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking
Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.5 · Cited by 2,761
Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003
Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Frank, R. G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Walters, E. E., Wang, P., Wells, K. B., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa043266 · Cited by 1,910
The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.50.12.965 · Cited by 1,626
The effectiveness of psychotherapy: the Consumer Reports study
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.12.965 · Cited by 1,608 · cited 2×
“…1996), even though mental disorders are less likely to be recognized and treated in the medical sector (McQuaid, Stein, Laffaye, & McCahill, 1999) and treatment may be less effective when provided by non-psychiatrist physicians (Howard et al., 1996; Seligman, 1995; Wang, Berglund, & Kessler, 2000).”
Background
Predicting and Explaining Intentions and Behavior: How Well Are We Doing?
Sutton, S. R. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x · Cited by 1,032
Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale
Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. I. (1970) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029636 · Cited by 973
Journal of Mental Health and Aging
(2019) · doi:10.35841/mental-health-aging · Cited by 946

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Deane FP, 1996, Journal of College Student Development, 10, 45
Derogatis LR, 1993, Brief symptom inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis
Holden RR, 1996, Holden psychological screening inventory manual
Mackenzie CS, 1999, Canadian Family Physician, 45, 1219
Morgan R, 2003, Canadian Journal of Counselling, 37, 151
Rokke PD, 1995, Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 1, 243
2006, Visible minority population, by provinces and territories

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 877

Help‐Seeking Attitudes of Chinese Americans and Chinese Immigrants in the United States: The Mediating Role of Self‐Stigma
Yee, T., Ceballos, P. L., & Lawless, A. (2020) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/jmcd.12162 · Cited by 20
Drinking patterns of college students with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms: the moderating role of gender
Austin, M. A., & Hurlocker, M. C. (2021) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2021.1879291 · Cited by 18
“Specifically, women are more likely than men to seek support and professional help to manage their negative affect (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Taylor, 2011).”
Background
Mental health help-seeking among Korean men: the influence of stigma, masculine norms, and face
Kim, S.-M., & Kim, D. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02793-y · Cited by 25
“Additionally, based on previous research suggesting that negative attitudes toward mental health services are associated with psychological openness [44], five items reflecting negative attitudes and perceived needs were used as measurement variables for help-seeking attitudes.”
WeCare Project: Development of Web-based Platform for Online Psychological Consultation using Scrum Framework
Kurniawan, F. F., Shidiq, F. R., & Sutoyo, E. (2020) · Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering · doi:10.25008/bcsee.v1i1.6 · Cited by 17
A qualitative exploration of how young men in the UK perceive and experience informal help-seeking for mental health difficulties
Burke, L., John, M., & Hanna, P. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106440 · Cited by 21
Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the multiple mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience
Cui, H., Bi, X., Zhou, X., Zhang, W., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184985 · Cited by 25
“Psychological resilience is a concept influenced by gender social norms (Mackenzie et al., 2006), with deep cultural influences behind it.”
Background
Characteristics of Older Adults Hospitalized in Acute Psychiatric Units in Ontario: A Population-Based Study
Seitz, D. P., Vigod, S. N., Lin, E. H. B., et al. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700906 · Cited by 17
Sometimes You Need More than a Wingman: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Role of Humor in Men's Mental Health Help-Seeking Campaigns
Erentzen, C. A., Quinlan, J. A., & Mar, R. A. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.2.128 · Cited by 16
“Prior research has established that mental illness is often seen as stigmatizing and threatening, particularly among men (Addis, 2008, Oliffe et al., 2012; MacKenzie et al., 2006).”
Background
Using machine learning to predict mental healthcare consumption in non-affective psychosis
Kwakernaak, S., van Mens, K., Cahn, W., & Janssen, R. T. J. M. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.008 · Cited by 17
Perfectionistic traits and self‐presentation are associated with negative attitudes and concerns about seeking professional psychological help
Dang, S. S., Quesnel, D. A., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Deng, X. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2450 · Cited by 24
“The persistent pattern of women being more open to help seeking has been identified in the past (Mackenzie et al., 2006), indicating that targeted interventions for men at the community and university levels may aide this population in becoming more open to help seeking.”
Background
Collaborative Care for Low-Income Patients From Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups in Primary Care: Engagement and Clinical Outcomes
Blackmore, M. A., Patel, U. B., Stein, D., Carleton, K. E., Ricketts, S. M., Ansari, A., & Chung, H. (2022) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000924 · Cited by 17
Factors Influencing Public Awareness of and Attitudes Toward Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2018 HINTS Data
Lu, X., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.816023 · Cited by 17
Comparing Canadian physicians and patients on their use of e-health tools
Razmak, J., & Bélanger, C. H. (2017) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2017.08.007 · Cited by 17
Goal-setting strategy and psychological differences in marathon runners compared by gender
Larumbe‐Zabala, E., García-Lluch, J. J., Agea, E., & Peris-Delcampo, D. (2019) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2019.144.02 · Cited by 17
Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation
Wright, I., Travers-Hill, E., Gracey, F., Troup, J., Parkin, K., Casey, S., & Kim, Y. (2020) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x20000513 · Cited by 16
“…include negative attitudes related to psychological openness and less favourable intentions to seek help from mental health professionals in men than women (Mackenzie et al., 2006) and gender differences in coping strategies and preferences for psychological treatment (Liddon et al., 2018).”
Background
Stigma and Attitude of Mental Health Help-Seeking Among a Sample of Working Versus Non-working Egyptian Women
Zalat, M. M., Mortada, E. M., & Seifi, O. S. E. (2018) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0298-9 · Cited by 16
Managers’ Action-Guiding Mental Models towards Mental Health-Related Organizational Interventions—A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Genrich, M., Angerer, P., Worringer, B., Gündel, H., Kröner, F., & Müller, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912610 · Cited by 19
“In the literature, we found evidence that older people and females have more positive attitudes towards psychological help-seeking and are more likely to seek psychological help than men and younger people [100].”
Background
Simplifying the Understanding and Measurement of Mental Disorders Thru a Comprehensive Framework of Psychosocial Health
Husain, W., Ijaz, F., Husain, M. A., Zulfiqar, M., & Khalique, J. (2024) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2401011 · Cited by 17
The clinical effectiveness of the Mind/Body Program for Infertility on wellbeing and assisted reproduction outcomes: a randomized controlled trial in search for active ingredients
Judit Szigeti, F., Kazinczi, C., Szabó, G., Sipos, M., Ujma, P. P., & Purebl, G. (2024) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deae119 · Cited by 16
“…at the meetings intended for couples, with typical reasons being long working hours and a lower interest in psychological services, consistent with the well-known reduced utilization of mental health care among men as compared to women (Mackenzie et al. , 2006; Terlizzi and Zablotsky, 2020).”
Result
Understanding stigma in the context of help-seeking for eating disorders
Wall, P. L., Fassnacht, D. B., Fabry, E., O’Shea, A. E., Houlihan, C., Mulgrew, K. E., & Ali, K. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01086-w · Cited by 17
Gender differences and disabilities of perceived depression in the workplace
Wang, Y., & Gorenstein, C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.058 · Cited by 18
“While women display more favorable help-seeking attitudes concerning mental health needs (Kessler et al., 1981; Mackenzie et al., 2006; Coen et al., 2013), depressed men used to postpone medical care and take longer period to return to work (mean absenteeism period of 80 days).”
Background
Stigma and psychosocial wellbeing among children affected by parental HIV in China
Domlyn, A. M., Jiang, Y., Harrison, S. E., Qiao, S., & Li, X. (2019) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2019.1687834 · Cited by 16
Participatory COVID-19 Surveillance Tool in Rural Appalachia
Runkle, J. D., Sugg, M. M., Graham, G., Hodge, B., March, T., Mullendore, J., Tove, F., Salyers, M., Valeika, S., & Vaughan, E. (2021) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/0033354921990372 · Cited by 16
Help-seeking for mental health problems among older adults with chronic disease: an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Adams, C., Gringart, E., Strobel, N., & Masterman, P. W. (2021) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850 · Cited by 18
Self-compassion promotes mental help-seeking in older, not in younger, counselors
Aruta, J. J. B. R., Maria, A., & Mascarenhas, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03054-6 · Cited by 18
A Comparison of Suicides and Undetermined Deaths by Poisoning among Women: An Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System
Huguet, N., McFarland, B. H., & Kaplan, M. S. (2014) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2014.915275 · Cited by 16
How nonclinical are community samples?
Thurston, I. B., Curley, J., Fields, S. A., Kamboukos, D. M., Rojas, A., & Phares, V. (2008) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20223 · Cited by 16
Primary care patient beliefs and help-seeking preferences regarding depression in China
Jiang, Y., Bogner, H. R., Wang, X., Wang, J., Zhu, T., Conwell, Y., & Chen, S. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.031 · Cited by 16
Choice Program Expansion Jeopardizes High-Quality VHA Mental Health Services.
Lemle, R. B. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 16
Emotional or informational? Understanding cancer patients’ multifaceted help-seeking behaviors in online health communities
Feng, X., Hu, Y., Pfaff, H., Liu, S., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117902 · Cited by 16
Effect of Changing Work Stressors and Coping Resources on Psychological Distress
Lian, Y., Gu, Y., Han, R., Jiang, Y., Guan, S., Xiao, J., & Liu, J. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000777 · Cited by 15
“Women display more favorable help-seeking attitudes concerning mental health needs.(43) Therefore, improving self-care in males is more likely to reduce the risk of psychological distress than in females.”
Background
Effectiveness and dissemination of computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed adolescents: Effective and accessible to whom?
Do, R., Lee, S. Y., Kim, J.-S., Cho, M., Shin, H., Jang, M., & Shin, M. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.177 · Cited by 16
The relationship between outpatient service use and emergency department visits among people treated for mental and substance use disorders: analysis of population-based administrative data in British Columbia, Canada
Lavergne, M. R., Loyal, J. P., Shirmaleki, M., Kaoser, R., Nicholls, T. L., Schütz, C. G., Vaughan, A. D., Samji, H., Puyat, J. H., Kaulius, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07759-z · Cited by 15
“That fewer men were treated for MD’s potentially signals men’s reticence to acknowledge and seek help for mental health concerns [51], and/or a preference for self-management [52].”
Background
A Comparison of Self-Rated and Female Partner-Rated Scales in the Assessment of Paternal Prenatal Depression
Konishi, M., Tachibana, Y., Tang, J., Takehara, K., Kubo, T., Hashimoto, K., Kitazawa, H., Saito, H., & Ohya, Y. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9931-z · Cited by 13
“include male gender (Dew et al. 1991; Mackenzie et al. 2006; Rhodes et al. 2006) and being married (Gulliver et al.”
Background
Does ethnicity have an impact on duration of untreated psychoses: A retrospective study in Singapore
Basu, S., Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Poon, L. Y., & Verma, S. (2015) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764014568128 · Cited by 14
The DUDES Club A brotherhood for men’s health
Gross, P. A., Efimoff, I. H., Patrick, L., Josewski, V., Hau, K., Lambert, S., & Smye, V. L. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 14
Patterns of Health Care Service Utilization by Individuals with Mental Health Problems: a Predictive Cluster Analysis
Simo, B., Bamvita, J., Caron, J., & Fleury, M. (2018) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-018-9568-5 · Cited by 15
Fall Prevention Program Characteristics and Experiences of Older Adults and Program Providers in Canada: A Thematic Content Analysis
Malik, H. H., Virag, B., Fick, F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464819874600 · Cited by 14
Exploring Preference to Avoid or Seek Help in Person and Online Among College Students with Suicidal Ideation
Wilks, C. R., Ang, S. Y., Wang, X., Arunagiri, V., & Ward‐Ciesielski, E. F. (2019) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.811 · Cited by 14
Barriers to mental health services utilisation in Portugal – results from the National Mental Health Survey
Silva, M., Antunes, A., Lopes, S. A., Cardoso, G., Xavier, M., Saraceno, B., & Caldas‐de‐Almeida, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1739249 · Cited by 19
“This finding is in line with other research (Jagdeo et al., 2009), but it is not consistent across studies (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Crying as a Gendered Indicator of Depression
Romans, S. E., & Clarkson, R. F. (2008) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318166350f · Cited by 15
“Likewise, crying can be seen as a particular type of communication – help-seeking behavior – which women are known to engage in more frequently (Mackenzie et al., 2006; McVittie and Willock, 2006; Millman, 2001).”
Background
Factors Predicting the Likelihood of Seeking Help from Social Workers in Israel
Kagan, M., & Zychlinski, E. (2016) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svw009 · Cited by 16
Any Postoperative Surveillance Improves Survival after Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Phillips, A. R., Andraska, E., Reitz, K. M., Gabriel, L., Salem, K. M., Sridharan, N. D., Tzeng, E., & Liang, N. L. (2021) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2021.09.047 · Cited by 13
Why Do Men Have Low Rates of Formal Mental Health Service Utilization? An Analysis of Social and Systemic Barriers to Care and Discussion of Promising Male-Friendly Practices
Whitley, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86320-3_6 · Cited by 13
Should I write about mental health on my med school app? Examining medical school admissions committee members’ biases regarding mental health conditions
Abraham, A. E., Busch, C. A., Brownell, S. E., & Cooper, K. M. (2022) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00094.2022 · Cited by 13
Workplace accommodation requests: Experiences of barriers and facilitators among deaf and hard-of-hearing
Dong, S., Meros, T., & Seenath, S. (2023) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-220632 · Cited by 20
Prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt among male construction workers in Ireland
O’Donnell, S., Egan, T., Clarke, N., & Richardson, N. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18483-0 · Cited by 18
“…young males are among the least likely to be engaged with mental health services when experiencing mental ill-health and/or suicidal ideation [49, 53], early intervention workplace initiatives that reframe self-reliance and encourage help-seeking are particularly needed for this occupational…”
Background
Cyberchondria: Implications of online behavior and health anxiety as determinants
Zeine, R. R., Mohammed, D., Wilcox, S., Renee, C., Janke, C., Jarrett, N., Evangelopoulos, A., Serrano, C., Tabassum, N., Turner, N., et al. (2019) · Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_108_19 · Cited by 13
“Studies have purported that females are more likely than males to seek health-care providers for both physical and mental health concerns.[15] In addition, women who formed a trusting relationship based on mutual communication with their physicians were more likely than men to seek the services of a health-care provid…”
Background
Understanding help‐seeking in rural counties: A serial mediation analysis
Keller, E. M., & Owens, G. P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23260 · Cited by 14
Gender differences in use of suicide crisis hotlines: a scoping review of current literature
Krishnamurti, L. S., Monteith, L. L., McCoy, I., & Dichter, M. E. (2022) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-10-2021-0136 · Cited by 13
Associations of mothers’ and fathers’ structure-related food parenting practices and child food approach eating behaviors during the COVID pandemic
Jansen, E., Smith, K., Thapaliya, G., Sadler, J. R., Aghababian, A. H., & Carnell, S. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113837 · Cited by 13
Palliative care use and utilization determinants among patients treated for advanced stage lung cancer care in the community and academic medical setting
McLouth, L. E. S., Borger, T. N., Bursac, V., Hoerger, M. P., McFarlin, J. M., Shelton, S., Shelton, B. J., Shearer, A. J., Kiviniemi, M. T., Stapleton, J. L., et al. (2023) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-023-07649-y · Cited by 13
Engaging Australian men in masculinity and suicide – A concept test of social media materials and a website
Schlichthorst, M., King, K., Turnure, J., Phelps, A. J., & Pirkis, J. (2019) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1002/hpja.246 · Cited by 14
Relationship between stressful life events, stigma and life satisfaction with the willingness of disclosure of psychotic illness: A community study in Hong Kong
Suen, Y. N., Chan, S. K. W., Siu, L. T. T., Lo, L. L. H., Cheung, C., Hui, C. L. M., Lee, E. H. M., Chang, W. C., Wong, P. S., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13008 · Cited by 13
Breaking Down the Silence
Shenoy, D. P., Neranartkomol, R., Ashok, M., Chiang, A., Lam, A. G., & Trieu, S. L. (2009) · Californian Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.32398/cjhp.v7i2.2016 · Cited by 13
Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care After a Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examination
Gilmore, A. K., Leone, R. M., Hahn, C. K., Oesterle, D. W., & Davidson, T. M. (2021) · Journal of Forensic Nursing · doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000321 · Cited by 16
“Furthermore, there are specific demographic factors, including gender, race/ethnicity, and age, that are associated with accessing care more generally (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Roberts et al., 2011).”
Background
Patient Navigation—Who Needs What? Awareness of Patient Navigators and Ranking of Their Tasks in the General Population in Germany
Schnitzer, S., Kohl, R., Fügemann, H., Gödde, K., Stumm, J., Engelmann, F., Grittner, U., & Rieckmann, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052846 · Cited by 13
“The male elephant in the room”: a qualitative evidence synthesis exploring male experiences of eating disorders
Coopey, E., & Johnson, G. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00614-w · Cited by 12
Using Real-World Data to Explore the Impact of One-Time Financial Grants Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Thom, B., Arora, N., Benedict, C., Aviki, E. M., Chino, F. L., Friedman, D. N., Watson, S., & Zeitler, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2022.0188 · Cited by 12
“27,28 Despite these limitations, our ﬁndings present a unique look at real-world data and are similar to analyses in samples of YA and older adult survivors.”
Trajectories of Health and Behavioral Health Services Use among Community Corrections–Involved Rural Adults
Mowbray, O. P., McBeath, B., Bank, L., & Newell, S. (2016) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svv048 · Cited by 12
A cross-sectional study about associations between personality characteristics and mental health service utilization in a Korean national community sample of adults with psychiatric disorders
Park, S., Lee, Y. A., Seong, S. J., Chang, S. M., Lee, J., Hahm, B., & Hong, J. P. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1322-2 · Cited by 15
“Most studies focused on socio-demographical predisposing factors, encompassing ethnic minorities [6, 7], male gender [8], and those with low education level [9].”
Background
Attitude towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help in a Sample of Pre-service Teachers
Kaya, Ç. (2015) · Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education · doi:10.14686/buefad.2015111027 · Cited by 14
Mental health outcomes and help‐seeking behaviours among Egyptian medical students: A cross‐sectional study
Kamel, M. M., Westenberg, J. N., Suen, J., Jang, K. L., Maragha, T., Badawy, A. A. E.-K., El‐Sawi, H., & Krausz, M. R. (2021) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13246 · Cited by 14
“The literature from Arabic countries suggest that women are less likely to seek help, which differs from other societies in which young males are least likely to seek help (Al-Darmaki et al., 2016; Al-Darmaki & Sayed, 2009; Mackenzie et al., 2006; Oliver et al., 2005).”
Background
The effects of sociodemographic factors on help-seeking for depression: Based on the 2017–2020 Korean Community Health Survey
Lee, J., Choi, K., & Yun, J.-A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280642 · Cited by 14
“Contrarily, females tend to have positive attitudes toward psychological openness and thus exhibit more favorable mental health services than males [40].”
Relational Diagnosis and Psychotherapy Treatment Cost Effectiveness
Moore, A. M., & Crane, D. R. (2013) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-013-9277-z · Cited by 12
Mental health service use among older Canadians with anxiety and comorbid physical conditions
El-Gabalawy, R. M., Mackenzie, C. S., & Sareen, J. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1033678 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Positive psychological interventions for people with epilepsy: An assessment on factors related to intervention participation
Lai, S.-T., Lim, K. S., Tang, V. Y. H., & Low, W. Y. (2018) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.019 · Cited by 14
A qualitative study to explore the help-seeking views relating to depression among older Black Caribbean adults living in the UK
Bailey, N. V., & Tribe, R. (2020) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1761138 · Cited by 12
“In addition, it is likely that older adults have a heightened awareness of stigma relating to mental illness (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
Background
Recruitment of Men Into a Pragmatic Rural Primary Care Weight Loss Trial
Punt, S. E. W., Kurz, D. L., & Befort, C. A. (2020) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988320971917 · Cited by 13
“Younger men compared to older men have lower rates of health-seeking behaviors (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Thompson et al., 2016; Yousaf et al., 2015), which may make them more difficult than older men to recruit through primary care practices.”
Background
The Effect of Gender and Stigma on the Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Workers’ Help by Social Workers versus Non Social Workers
Kagan, M., & Itzick, M. (2020) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcaa004 · Cited by 11
A Preliminary Examination of Treatment Barriers, Preferences, and Histories of Women with Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder
Black, J. A., Paparo, J., & Wootton, B. M. (2023) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2022.26 · Cited by 11
“This finding is consistent with the existing literature (Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006; Mackenzie, Heath, Vogel, & Chekay, 2019), and highlights the importance of intervention services specifically for adolescents and young adults, which may assist in helping young women to access treatment, as…”
Result
Impact of community mental health services on the adult psychiatric admission through the emergency unit: a 20-year population-based study
Ma, C. F., Luo, H., Leung, S. F., Wong, G. H. Y., Lam, R. P. K., Bastiampillai, T. J., Chen, E. Y. H., & Chan, S. K. W. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100814 · Cited by 13
Elderly care recipients’ perceptions of treatment helpfulness for depression and the relationship with help-seeking
Atkins, J., Naismith, S. L., Luscombe, G. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s70086 · Cited by 13
“In addition, the survey did not use a validated instrument for beliefs in the helpfulness of treatments, such as the Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale.(56) It should also be noted that the sample size in the study was small, which may limit the applicability of the results obtained and mean that statistically significant f…”
Predictors of Psychotherapy Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Depressive Symptoms
Gur‐Yaish, N., Dana, P., & Palgi, Y. (2015) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2015.1124957 · Cited by 13
“…all these relationships will remain significant after controlling for previously identified precursors of psychotherapy use among older adults: age (Joo,Morales, de Vries, & Gallo, 2010; Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006), gender (Mackenzie et al., 2006), and religiosity (McGowan &Midlarsky, 2012).”
Background
Mutual support and recovery in the Russian Alcoholics Anonymous online community
Lyytikäinen, L. (2016) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1515/nsad-2016-0013 · Cited by 9
“This is an interesting finding, which I interpret to support the already established notion of women being more prone to look for help for their social and mental problems (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Hall & Tidwell, 2003), but it can also tell us something about the gendered drinking culture of Russia.”
Exploring the health risks of help-seeking military veterans living in different parts of the UK
Ashwick, R., & Murphy, D. (2017) · Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps · doi:10.1136/jramc-2017-000822 · Cited by 11
Utilization of social work services by former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel
Kagan, M. (2018) · Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work · doi:10.1080/15313204.2018.1536908 · Cited by 11
The experiences of older adults with a diagnosed functional mental illness, their carers and healthcare professionals in relation to mental health service delivery: An integrative review
Wells, J., Kennedy, C. M., Bain, H., & Lee, S. H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15067 · Cited by 11
Early onset degenerative dementias: demographic characteristics and etiologic classification in a tertiary referral center
Maiovis, P., Ioannidis, P., Konstantinopoulou, E., & Karacostas, D. (2014) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-014-0310-2 · Cited by 11
“Indeed, well educated patients involved in cognitively demanding occupations seek medical advice sooner after onset of symptoms [29, 30].”
Older people: how do they find out about their health? A pilot study
Hurst, G., Wilson, P. M., & Dickinson, A. M. (2013) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2013.18.1.34 · Cited by 11
The Journey of Obtaining Services: The Realities of Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Gagnier, C., Collin‐Vézina, D., & Sablonnière-Griffin, M. D. L. (2017) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0141-4 · Cited by 11
Testing the psychometric properties of the self-harm and suicide disclosure scale
Frey, L. M., Higgins, G. E., & Fulginiti, A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.016 · Cited by 12
The Distribution of Non-Wage Benefits: Maternity Benefits and Gender DiversityPreprint
Liu, T., Makridis, C. A., Ouimet, P., et al. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3088067 · Cited by 11
If You Build It, Will Vets Come? An Identity Theory Approach to Expanding Veterans’ Treatment Court Participation
Ahlin, E. M., & Douds, A. S. (2020) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/0734016820914075 · Cited by 10
“For example, research has shown that military personnel often do not seek mental health assistance because they believe they can handle it themselves or because they do not want to feel weak in the face of their need for help (Mackenzie et al., 2004, 2006).”
Background
Romantic relationship dissolutions are significantly associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms as compared to a DSM-5 Criterion A event: a case-case–control comparison
van der Watt, A. S. J., Kidd, M., Roos, A., Lesch, E., & Seedat, S. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2238585 · Cited by 13
“This finding is noteworthy considering sex differences in help-seeking for mental illness (Juvrud & Rennels, 2017), with men being less likely to seek help from mental health professionals (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
Background
An examination of sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing help-seeking attitudes and behaviors among adolescents with mental health problems
Cavelti, M., Ruppen, N. A., Sele, S., Moessner, M., Bauer, S., Becker, K., Krämer, J., Eschenbeck, H., Rummel‐Kluge, C., Thomasius, R., et al. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02568-7 · Cited by 21
“Attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health problems were assessed using the Inventory of Attitudes Towards Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) [23].”
Reported Non–Substance-Related Mental Health Disorders Among Persons Who Died of Drug Overdose — United States, 2022
Dinwiddie, A. T., Gupta, S., Mattson, C. L., O’Donnell, J. K., & Seth, P. (2024) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7334a3 · Cited by 10
“Historically, for example, women have been more likely to seek mental health care than men ( 4 ), and stigma surrounding seeking mental health care might be more pronounced among Black communities ( 5 ); potential racial and ethnic biases in provider diagnosing might also exist ( 6 ).”
Background
Youth and Provider Perspectives on Behavior-Tracking Mobile Apps: Qualitative Analysis
Armstrong, C. C., Odukoya, E. J., Sundaramurthy, K., & Darrow, S. M. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/24482 · Cited by 12
“However, this is consistent with that reported previously in treatment-seeking populations [35].”
Result
Longitudinal analysis of local government spending on adult social care and carers’ subjective well-being in England
Zhang, Y., Bennett, M. R., & Yeandle, S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049652 · Cited by 10
Telemental Health Use Is Associated With Lower Health Care Spending Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Major Depression
Peña, M. T., Lindsay, J. A., Li, R., Deshmukh, A. A., Swint, J. M., & Morgan, R. O. (2023) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001952 · Cited by 11
“30 Among bene ﬁ ciaries who received TMH services, psychiatrists and nurse practitioners were the most common mental health providers, whereas non-TMH users relied on primary care physicians, followed by psychiatrists.”
Background
SIKAP DAN INTENSI MENCARI BANTUAN DALAM MENGHADAPI MASALAH
Nurhayati, S. R. (2015) · Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora · doi:10.21831/hum.v18i1.3273 · Cited by 12
Associations of Social Relationships with Consultation for Symptoms of Depression: A Community Study of Depression in Older Men and Women in Québec
Mechakra-Tahiri, S. D., Zunzunegui, M. V., Dubé, M., & Préville, M. (2011) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.13.15.pr0.108.2.537-552 · Cited by 9
Use of aids for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction: A population survey of adults in England
Beard, E., Brown, J., Michie, S., Kaner, E., Meier, P. S., & West, R. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3862-7 · Cited by 10
Investigating institutional abuse survivors’ help-seeking attitudes with the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services
Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger‐Schuster, B. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1377528 · Cited by 17
“Only a few studies screened for mental disorders (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Mesidor & Sly, 2014; Munson et al., 2010; Troeung, Gasson, & Egan, 2015;Ward et al., 2013; Watson & Hunter, 2015) and intentions to (or actual) mental health service use (Freitas-Murrell & Swift, 2015; James & Buttle, 2008;…”
BackgroundInfluential
Kulturabhängigkeit der Einstellung gegenüber psychotherapeutischer Behandlung bei Türkeistämmigen und Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund
Bretz, J., Sahin, D., Brandl, E. J., et al. (2018) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-0583-1093 · Cited by 10
“Dies deckt sich mit den Literaturdaten [22, 23].”
Parental attitude toward children’s mental disorders and its relationship with help seeking behaviors
Ebrahimi, H., Movaghari, M., Bazghaleh, M., Shirmohamadi, N., & Mohammadpourhodki, R. (2019) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/jcim-2018-0244 · Cited by 11
Men’s Intentions to Recommend Professional Help-Seeking to Their Partners in the Postpartum Period: the Direct and Indirect Effects of Gender-Role Conflict
Luís, C., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16204002 · Cited by 11
“females [35,61,62], men generally perceive higher levels of this stigma [54,62].”
Background
Development and validation of ageist myths in a psychotherapy questionnaire (AMPQ): professional ageism among psychology graduate students
López, J., Noriega, C., & Giner, M. (2020) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2020.1801705 · Cited by 11
Heterogeneity in the associations between common mental disorders and labour outcomes – a population study from southern Sweden
Jarl, J., Linder, A., Busch, H., Nyberg, A., & Gerdtham, U. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09348-3 · Cited by 10
“It has been suggested that men, at the same level of morbidity as women, have a lower tendency to report mental health problems [36, 37].”
Background
Impact of Online Health Awareness Campaign: Case of National Eating Disorders Association
Mejova, Y., & Suárez-Lledó, V. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_15 · Cited by 10

Authors: Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., & Knox, V. J.
Affiliations: Queen's University (CA)
Corresponding author: Mackenzie, C. S.
ORCID: Mackenzie, C. S.
Venue: Aging & Mental Health
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: 574-582
ISSN: 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
1364-6915
DOI: 10.1080/13607860600641200
OpenAlex: W2014172961
Semantic Scholar: d232506e2297dea5f6d1729b555e7bd93577103f
Cited by: 878
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 13.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: help-seeking attitudes, mental health service utilization, underutilization of mental health services, age differences, gender differences, older adults, men, help-seeking intentions, open-mindedness, primary care mental health, psychiatric symptoms, help-seeking barriers
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Demography, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Ontario, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Marital Status

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: The influence of help-seeking attitudes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks