The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Age, gender, and the underutilization of mental health services: The influence of help-seeking attitudes
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore age and gender differences in attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and to examine whether attitudes negatively influence intentions to seek help among older adults and men, whose mental health needs are underserved. To achieve these objectives 206 community-dwelling adults completed questionnaires measuring help-seeking attitudes, psychiatric symptomatology, prior help-seeking, and intentions to seek help. Older age and female gender were associated with more positive help-seeking attitudes in this sample, although age and gender interacted with marital status and education, and had varying influences on different attitude components. Age and gender also influenced intentions to seek professional psychological help. Women exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from mental health professionals than men, likely due to their positive attitudes concerning psychological openness. Older adults exhibited more favourable intentions to seek help from primary care physicians than younger adults, a finding that was not explained by age differences in attitudes. Results from this study suggest that negative attitudes related to psychological openness might contribute to men's underutilization of mental health services. Help-seeking attitudes do not appear to be a barrier to seeking professional help among older adults, although their intentions to visit primary care physicians might be. These findings suggest the need for education to improve men's help-seeking attitudes and to enhance older adults' willingness to seek specialty mental health services.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Men are rarely socialized to be open about their emotional troubles; which in turn was found to contribute to their underutilization of mental health services (Mackenzie, Gekoski, Knox, 2006).”
From The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors (2016) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, Knox, 2006
In the citing paper
“Compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
In the citing paper
“Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males (Mackenzie et al., 2006), the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males (Mackenzie et al., 2006), the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Mackenzie et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Low educational status might be associated with low rates of help-seeking because educated individuals are more informed and knowledgeable about illnesses and the healthcare system”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
In the citing paper
“The reason why younger men seek less help may partly be an artefact of their lower levels of illness, and partly due to the fact that their vitality and masculinity is more important to them”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006
In the citing paper
“Young men are known to hold more negative attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health issues than young women [5], due in part to lower levels of openness to acknowledging psychological problems [6].”
From Silence is deadly: a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking
Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.5 · Cited by 2,761
Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1990 to 2003
Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Frank, R. G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Walters, E. E., Wang, P., Wells, K. B., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa043266 · Cited by 1,910
The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.50.12.965 · Cited by 1,626
The effectiveness of psychotherapy: the Consumer Reports study
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.12.965 · Cited by 1,608 · cited 2×
“…1996), even though mental disorders are less likely to be recognized and treated in the medical sector (McQuaid, Stein, Laffaye, & McCahill, 1999) and treatment may be less effective when provided by non-psychiatrist physicians (Howard et al., 1996; Seligman, 1995; Wang, Berglund, & Kessler, 2000).”
BackgroundPredicting and Explaining Intentions and Behavior: How Well Are We Doing?
Sutton, S. R. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x · Cited by 1,032
Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale
Fischer, E. H., & Turner, J. I. (1970) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029636 · Cited by 973
Journal of Mental Health and Aging
(2019) · doi:10.35841/mental-health-aging · Cited by 946
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Deane FP, 1996, Journal of College Student Development, 10, 45
- Derogatis LR, 1993, Brief symptom inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis
- Holden RR, 1996, Holden psychological screening inventory manual
- Mackenzie CS, 1999, Canadian Family Physician, 45, 1219
- Morgan R, 2003, Canadian Journal of Counselling, 37, 151
- Rokke PD, 1995, Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 1, 243
- 2006, Visible minority population, by provinces and territories
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Thompson, A. E., Anisimowicz, Y., Miedema, B. B., Hogg, W. E., Wodchis, W. P., & Aubrey‐Bassler, K. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0440-0 · Cited by 1,171
“Older patients also report more positive health care-seeking attitudes regarding mental health concerns than younger patients [7, 23].”
BackgroundResultShippee, N. D., Shah, N. D., May, C. R., Mair, F. S., & Montori, V. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.05.005 · Cited by 728
“Additionally, language, literacy, and numeracy [41,57,108], and patients’ backgrounds and environment [39], also shape their readiness to access and use care.”
BackgroundGao, W., Ping, S., & Liu, X. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121 · Cited by 851
Sheldon, E., Simmonds-Buckley, M., Bone, C., Mascarenhas, T., Chan, N., Wincott, M., Gleeson, H., Sow, K., Hind, D., & Barkham, M. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.054 · Cited by 644
Trends in Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Access to Mental Health Care, 2004–2012
Cook, B. L., Trinh, N.-H., Li, Z., Hou, S. S.-Y., & Progovac, A. M. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500453 · Cited by 546
“Other need variables were the physical health component of the SF-12, gender, age, and reporting any functional limitation in working at a job, doing housework, or going to school; these were adjusted for in the estimation because they were considered to be allowable differences highly correlated with mental illness (…”
BackgroundYousaf, O., Grunfeld, E. A., & Hunter, M. S. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.840954 · Cited by 467
“The reason why younger men seek less help may partly be an artefact of their lower levels of illness, and partly due to the fact that their vitality and masculinity is more important to them (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundYoung Men, Help-Seeking, and Mental Health Services: Exploring Barriers and Solutions
Lynch, L., Long, M., & Moorhead, A. (2016) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988315619469 · Cited by 394
Self‐Stigma, Mental Health Literacy, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help
Cheng, H., Wang, C., McDermott, R. C., Kridel, M. M., & Rislin, J. L. (2018) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12178 · Cited by 396
Time to diagnosis in young-onset dementia as compared with late-onset dementia
van Vliet, D., de Vugt, M. E., Bakker, C., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Vernooij-Dassen, M. J. F. J., Koopmans, R. T. C. M., & Verhey, F. R. J. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001122 · Cited by 309
“Higher education levels and female gender were hypothesized to facilitate earlier recognition and help-seeking behaviour (Tijhuis et al. 1990 ; Mackenzie et al. 2006 ; Tedstone Doherty & Kartalova-O’Doherty, 2010).”
BackgroundSagar-Ouriaghli, I., Godfrey, E., Bridge, L., Meade, L., & Brown, J. S. L. (2019) · American Journal of Men’s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988319857009 · Cited by 274
“Although help-seeking is consistently reported to be worse in males (Mackenzie et al., 2006), the identified techniques in this review should be interpreted cautiously.”
Backgroundthe ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators, ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., Ormel, J., Vilagut, G., Kovess, V., & Alonso, J. (2010) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0050-4 · Cited by 266
“Earlier studies also found more favourable attitudes among women [22, 23], and younger people [23, 24].”
BackgroundResultGulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., Calear, A. L., Parsons, A., Bennett, K., Batterham, P. J., & Stanimirovic, R. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1864 · Cited by 243
“The higher positive attitudes among athletes in the current sample may have been due to the high proportion of female participants, as women have been found to have more positive attitudes to help-seeking than men [48].”
BackgroundPattyn, E., Verhaeghe, M., Sercu, C., & Bracke, P. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200561 · Cited by 219
Hammer, J. H., Parent, M. C., & Spiker, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000248 · Cited by 207
Students' benefits and barriers to mental health help-seeking
Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., Nabors, L., & Merianos, A. L. (2014) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.963586 · Cited by 216
Older Adults’ help-seeking attitudes and treatment beliefs concerning mental health problems
Mackenzie, C. S., Scott, T., Mather, A., & Sareen, J. (2008) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31818cd3be · Cited by 196
Self-citationMackenzie, C. S., Pagura, J., & Sareen, J. (2010) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181dd1c06 · Cited by 196
Self-citationPerry, Y., Petrie, K., Buckley, H., Cavanagh, L., Clarke, D., Winslade, M., Hadzi‐Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Christensen, H. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.08.001 · Cited by 167
Hazell, C. M., Chapman, L., Valeix, S. F., Roberts, P., Niven, J. E., & Berry, C. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01443-1 · Cited by 138
Pepin, R., Segal, D. L., & Coolidge, F. L. (2009) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860902918231 · Cited by 158
“…to seek out mental health services compared to men (Hauenstein et al., 2006; Mackenzie et al., 2006; Rhodes, Goering, To, & Williams, 2002) and that men are likely to have negative attitudes about mental health services which contributes to their low utilization rates (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGender and Attitudes about Mental Health Help Seeking: Results from National Data
Wendt, D. M., & Shafer, K. M. (2015) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/hlv089 · Cited by 157
Mo, P. K. H., Malik, S. H., & Coulson, N. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.08.029 · Cited by 156
“A growing body of research suggests that men of different ages, ethnicities and social backgrounds are less likely to seek help from healthcare professional than women for a variety of physical and mental health problems [1–5].”
BackgroundLogan, J. E., Hill, H. A., Black, M. L., Crosby, A. E., Karch, D. L., Barnes, J., & Lubell, K. M. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn213 · Cited by 155
“This finding may be expected because approximately half of these incidents are committed by females (35, 36), and females are more likely than males to seek care for mental health conditions (37, 38).”
Liu, X., Guo, Y.-X., Zhang, W., & Gao, W. (2022) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.860 · Cited by 181
The Disclosure Experiences of Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors
Gagnier, C., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2016) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1124308 · Cited by 144
Dias, P., Campos, L., Almeida, H., & Palha, F. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071318 · Cited by 137
Anjara, S., Bonetto, C., Bortel, T. V. V., & Brayne, C. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-020-00397-0 · Cited by 137
“Women have been shown to be more willing to access mental health services than men [56, 57].”
BackgroundZinzow, H. M., Britt, T. W., McFadden, A. C., Burnette, C. M., & Gillispie, S. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.002 · Cited by 133
Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Aberrant Prescription Opioid Use
Jamison, R. N., Butler, S. F., Budman, S. H., Edwards, R. R., & Wasan, A. D. (2009) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.016 · Cited by 132
“open, to admit to more problematic behavior, and to seek psychological treatment more than men.(22,38) It is possible that the results of this study reflect gender differences in willingness to admit to behavior captured through the self-reported SOAPP-R and PDUQ.”
Mental Health Treatment Among Adults: United States, 2020
Terlizzi, E. P., & Norris, T. (2021) · doi:10.15620/cdc:110593 · Cited by 132
“Women were more likely than men to have received any treatment for their mental health, consistent with the higher prevalence of common mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, seen among women (3) as well as an increased willingness to seek out mental health care (4).”
BackgroundPhysical health and gender as risk factors for usage of services for mental illness
Matheson, F. I., Smith, K. L. W., Fazli, G. S., Moineddin, R., Dunn, J. R., & Glazier, R. H. (2014) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2014-203844 · Cited by 131
Kwapong, Y. A., Boakye, E., Khan, S. S., Honigberg, M. C., Martin, S. S., Oyeka, C. P., Hays, A. G., Natarajan, P., Mamas, M. A., Blumenthal, R. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028332 · Cited by 146
“49,50 Men tend to underreport poor mental health and are also less likely to seek treatment, 51– 53 which may contribute to the apparent increase in risk.”
Elshaikh, U. A. M., Sheik, R., Saeed, R. K. M., Chivese, T., & Hassan, D. A. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04229-x · Cited by 175
“…the attitudes of older adults toward obtaining professional help were generally more positive than those of younger adults, contributing to a small but rising body of literature refuting the ageist premise that older people avoid seeking professional help due to stigma and negative attitudes [32].”
BackgroundResultMen's mental health help-seeking behaviors: an intersectional analysis
Parent, M. C., Hammer, J. H., Bradstreet, T. C., Schwartz, E. N., & Jobe, T. (2018) · American Journal of Men's Health · doi:10.1177/1557988315625776 · Cited by 124
Suicide categories by patterns of known risk factors: a latent class analysis.
Logan, J., Hall, J. E., & Karch, D. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.85 · Cited by 134
Treatment Disparities among African American Men with Depression: Implications for Clinical Practice
Hankerson, S. H., Suite, D. H., & Bailey, R. K. (2015) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2015.0012 · Cited by 123
Mackenzie, C. S., Heath, P. J., Vogel, D. L., & Chekay, R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22845 · Cited by 138
Self-citationSchlichthorst, M., Sanci, L. A., Pirkis, J., Spittal, M. J., & Hocking, J. S. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3706-5 · Cited by 126
“Negative attitudes to help seeking have been discussed as a barrier to help seeking in men [20, 27, 28], particularly in the context of mental health problems [26, 29, 30].”
BackgroundChanges in attitudes toward seeking mental health services: A 40-year cross-temporal meta-analysis
Mackenzie, C. S., Erickson, J., Deane, F. P., & Wright, M. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.001 · Cited by 107
Self-citationJagdeo, A., Cox, B. J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905401106 · Cited by 110
“We selected sociodemographics for analysis that had been previously cited as significantly impacting mental health services: age, sex, marital status, education, and income.(7,18,19,22,32,33) For the NCS, health insurance was selected as an additional variable.”
BackgroundMethodResultWithholding Requests for Disability Accommodation
BALDRIDGE, D. C., & Swift, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310396375 · Cited by 118
“In most societies, men are expected to be more self-reliant and independent (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialRatnayake, P., & Hyde, C. (2019) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2019.1 · Cited by 110
Abolfotouh, M. A., Almutairi, A. F., Mutairi, Z. A., Salam, M., Alhashem, A. M., Adlan, A. A., & Modayfer, O. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s191676 · Cited by 109
“More favorable attitudes are found among women(23,24) and younger people.(24,25) However, in our study, being single, female , employed, and earning a higher income were all significant predictors of favorable attitudes toward professional help-seeking.”
Sand, M. S., Fisher, W. A., Rosen, R. C., Heiman, J. R., & Ian Eardley, C. (2008) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00720.x · Cited by 105
“Research has also found that men seek psychiatric and counseling services less often than women with comparable emotional problems [17, 18 ], and demonstrate lower rates of help seeking for such diverse conditions as cancer and depression [19,20].”
BackgroundCultural differences in professional help seeking: a comparison of Japan and the U.S
Mojaverian, T., Hashimoto, T., & Kim, H. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00615 · Cited by 148
“Gender was included in analyses as previous research on professional help seeking has found differences among men and women in their willingness to seek help (e.g., Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
MethodResultWho can you trust? Credibility assessment in online health forums
Lederman, R., Fan, H., Smith, S. P., & Chang, S. (2013) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2013.11.003 · Cited by 112
How people decide to seek health care: A qualitative study
Shaw, C., Brittain, K., Tansey, R., & Williams, K. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.11.005 · Cited by 101
“There was also no evidence of differences within the age group of this particular sample, although the literature does suggest that patterns of helpseeking will vary with age (Mackenzie et al., 2006), and the over 40 group represents a large age range.”
BackgroundThe Distribution of Nonwage Benefits: Maternity Benefits and Gender Diversity
Liu, T., Makridis, C. A., Ouimet, P., et al. (2022) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhac039 · Cited by 99
Surveillance for violent deaths--National Violent Death Reporting System, 16 states, 2008.
Karch, D. L., Logan, J. E., & Patel, N. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 99
Simpson, R., Mair, F. S., & Mercer, S. W. (2017) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0880-8 · Cited by 95
“This could reflect the higher incidence of stressrelated mental health comorbidities in women with MS in Scotland [44], a greater stigma among men towards reporting mental health concerns [45], or that men may be less willing to participate in research studies [46].”
BackgroundBarcelos, A. M., Kargas, N., Maltby, J., Hall, S., & Mills, D. S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68446-9 · Cited by 102
Comorbid major depression in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients
Quarantini, L. C., Torres, A. R., Sampaio, A. S., Fossaluza, V., de Mathis, M. A., do Rosário, M. C., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., Cordioli, A. V., Petribú, K., et al. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.006 · Cited by 102
“According to the literature, consultation rates and help-seeking patterns in women are consistently higher than in men, especially when affective symptoms are present [51,52], which could explain the higher rate of women in our sample.”
Time to diagnosis in younger-onset dementia and the impact of a specialist diagnostic service
Loi, S. M., Goh, A., Mocellin, R., et al. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220001489 · Cited by 93
“We did not identify any difference in time to diagnosis between women and men, in contrast with some reports that women are more help-seeking which facilitates earlier recognition anddiagnosis (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
ResultThe Influence of Patient Sex, Provider Sex, and Sexist Attitudes on Pain Treatment Decisions
Hirsh, A. T., Hollingshead, N. A., Matthias, M. S., Bair, M. J., & Kroenke, K. (2014) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.003 · Cited by 91
Adolescent views of mental illness stigma: An intersectional lens.
DuPont‐Reyes, M. J., Villatoro, A. P., Phelan, J. C., Painter, K., & Link, B. G. (2019) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000425 · Cited by 111
“…than women hold stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors about mental illness (Anglin et al., 2006; Farina, 1981; Perry et al., 2007); consequently, men also seek mental health treatment less often (Eagly & Crowley, 1986; Gonzalez et al., 2005; Mackenzie, Gekoski, & Knox, 2006; Wang et al., 2005).”
People Who Die by Suicide Without Receiving Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review
Tang, S., Reily, N. M., Arena, A. F., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., Carter, G. L., Mackinnon, A. J., & Christensen, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.736948 · Cited by 89
Musiat, P., Conrod, P., Treasure, J. L., Tylee, A. T., Williams, C., & Schmidt, U. H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093621 · Cited by 89
“more appealing to female student, but may also reflect the gender differences in the prevalence and help-seeking behaviour of common mental disorders [56].”
BackgroundThe application of the theory of planned behavior to help-seeking intention in a Chinese society
Mak, H. W., & Davis, J. M. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0792-x · Cited by 88
“Current mental health [11], past help-seeking behaviors [38], symptom attribution [22], and other sources of help [22, 44], have also been studied in relation to help-seeking intention or behaviors.”
BackgroundBell, S., & Eski, Y. (2015) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/pav041 · Cited by 87
“Recent trends have been identified in the general public that indicate more willingness to engage in seeking assistance (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundCairney, J., Veldhuizen, S., Vigod, S. N., Streiner, D. L., Wade, T. J., & Kurdyak, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203120 · Cited by 96
An Examination of Disclosure of Nonsuicidal Self‐injury among University Students
Armiento, J. S., Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2014) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2190 · Cited by 84
“Researchers have suggested that men may have a more difficult time verbalizing and recognizing emotional distress, revealing ‘weaknesses’ to others, and have less access to close and responsive social support networks (Mackenzie et al., 2006; Sultan & Chaudry, 2008).”
BackgroundSeal, K. H., Abadjian, L. R., McCamish, N., Shi, Y., Tarasovsky, G., & Weingardt, K. R. (2012) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.04.007 · Cited by 82
Deconstructing the Alcohol Harm Paradox: A Population Based Survey of Adults in England
Beard, E., Brown, J., West, R., Angus, C., Brennan, A., Holmes, J., Kaner, E., Meier, P. S., & Michie, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160666 · Cited by 84
“shown to be more prevalent in younger age groups [67, 68].”
BackgroundTreatment preferences in patients with first episode depression
Houle, J., Villaggi, B., Beaulieu, M., Lespérance, F., Rondeau, G., & Lambert, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.016 · Cited by 83
“However, even though men’s reticence to ask for professional psychological assistance when they are experiencing emotional distress has been well documented (Berger et al., 2005; MacKenzie et al., 2006; Motjabai and Olfson, 2006; Oliffe et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2012; Pederson and Vogel, 2007), it is surprising to…”
Judkins, J. L., Moore, B. A., Collette, T., Hale, W. J., Peterson, A. L., & Morissette, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22558 · Cited by 82
Help-seeking and pathways to care in the early stages of psychosis
Fridgen, G. J., Aston, J., Gschwandtner, U., Pflueger, M. O., Zimmermann, R., Studerus, E., Stieglitz, R., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0628-0 · Cited by 81
“their being more open to psychology [47–49].”
Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Older Adults
(2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e645272013-001 · Cited by 81
Maternal Guilt and Shame: Relationship to Postnatal Depression and Attitudes towards Help-Seeking
Dunford, E., & Granger, C. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0690-z · Cited by 99
Kessler, E., Agines, S. G., & Bowen, C. E. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.920300 · Cited by 89
“Research has consistently indicated that older people with psychological symptoms tend to turn first to their physician as opposed to a psychotherapist (e.g. James & Buttle, 2008; Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDorow, M., Löbner, M., Pabst, A., Stein, J., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00181 · Cited by 80
“The finding that singles were more likely to express more preferences for psychotherapy than married patients may be explained by lacking emotional support from the spouse in patients without a partner, leading to a stronger wish to talk to a psychotherapist and receive professional support (55).”
BackgroundMental Health Help-Seeking Intentions and Preferences of Rural Chinese Adults
Yu, Y., Liu, Z.-W., Hu, M., Liu, H.-M., Yang, J. P., Zhou, L., & Xiao, S.-Y. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141889 · Cited by 79
“There are several possible reasons including higher rates of mental disorders [66,67], lower levels of stoicism and personal stigma related to mental health problems [14], and more positive attitudes concerning psychological openness [13] in women compared to men, as well as gender-role differences where men’s traditi…”
BackgroundResultPathways to Mental Health Services and Perceptions about the Effectiveness of Treatment
Alang, S., & McAlpine, D. D. (2018) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869318802341 · Cited by 81
“Higher age and being a woman have been consistently linked to more positive attitudes toward mental health services (Gonzalez et al. 2011; Mackenzie, Gekoski, and Knox 2006).”
BackgroundPsychological Health of Surgeons in a Time of COVID-19
Tan, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Yap, Q. V., Chan, Y. H., Ho, R., Hamid, A. R. A. H., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Pellino, G., Gauhar, V., Chand, M., et al. (2021) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004775 · Cited by 79
Stress, Mental Health Symptoms, and Help-Seeking in College Students
Hubbard, K., Reohr, P., Tolcher, L., & Downs, A. (2018) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.4.293 · Cited by 79
Shahwan, S., Lau, J. H., Goh, C. M. J., Ong, W. J., Tan, G. T. H., Kwok, K. W., Samari, E., Lee, Y. Y., Teh, W. L., Seet, V. A. L., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02960-y · Cited by 125
Help-seeking attitudes and behaviours among youth with eating disorders: a scoping review
Nicula, M., Pellegrini, D., Grennan, L., Bhatnagar, N., McVey, G. L., & Couturier, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00543-8 · Cited by 79
“Help-seeking behaviour is influenced in part by the age of the individual; youth are less likely to seek help than adults due to stigmatizing or negative attitudes towards seeking professional help, a lack of mental health literacy, and a general belief that one should be able to recover independently of treatment [5,…”
BackgroundSheikh, A., Payne-Cook, C., Lisk, S. C., Carter, B., & Brown, J. S. L. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02520-9 · Cited by 100
“It has also been suggested that men are simply less likely to acknowledge when they have a psychological problem, or do not see mood disorders such as depression as serious enough to warrant help-seeking, and therefore will not seek help as readily as women [12, 13].”
Dockery, L., Jeffery, D., Schauman, O., Williams, P. R., Farrelly, S. E., Bonnington, O., Gabbidon, J., Lassman, F., SZMUKLER, G. I., Thornicroft, G., et al. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.044 · Cited by 96
“…lower quality of life (Harrigan et al., 2003), impaired social functioning (Barnes et al., 2008), longer length of first hospitalisation (Penttila et al., 2013) and are associated with neuro-anatomical changes such as decreases in brain grey matter volume (Guo et al., 2013; Malla et al., 2011).”
Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism
Moseley, R. L., Gregory, N. J., Smith, P., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8 · Cited by 76
Seeking help for psychological distress: Barriers for mental health professionals
Edwards, J. L., & Crisp, D. A. (2016) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12146 · Cited by 75
Reducing the stigma associated with seeking psychotherapy through self-affirmation.
Lannin, D. G., Guyll, M., Vogel, D. L., & Madon, S. (2013) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033789 · Cited by 86
Smail-Crevier, R., Powers, G., Noël, C., & Wang, J. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11224 · Cited by 76
“Conversely, men have more difficulty identifying feelings of distress as emotional problems [53].”
Gender differential in health care utilisation in India
Patel, R., & Chauhan, S. (2019) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2019.11.007 · Cited by 74
Sun, S., Hoyt, W. T., Brockberg, D., Lam, J., & Tiwari, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000172 · Cited by 95
Relational barriers to depression help-seeking in primary care
Kravitz, R. L., Paterniti, D. A., Epstein, R. M., Rochlen, A. B., Bell, R. A., Cipri, C. S., y García, E. F., Feldman, M. D., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.007 · Cited by 78
“We stratified on gender because of prior research suggesting that the depression care seeking experiences of the sexes differs, [17] and on income as a proxy for socioeconomic status (which is likely related to social distance in medical settings).”
MethodZhang, X., Chen, F., & Chen, Z. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117385 · Cited by 75
Lim, M. T., Lim, Y. M. F., Tong, S. F., & Sivasampu, S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224260 · Cited by 69
“The lower likelihood of men to perceive community healthcare seeking for psychosocial concerns may be related to a lack of psychological openness among men [23].”
BackgroundResultA Systematic Review of Trauma Interventions in Native Communities
Gameon, J. A., & Skewes, M. C. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12396 · Cited by 70
Lindamer, L. A., Liu, L., Sommerfeld, D. H., Folsom, D. P., Hawthorne, W., Garcia, P., Aarons, G. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2012) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-011-0350-3 · Cited by 65
“Other literature has reported that women are more likely to use mental health services (Mackenzie et al. 2006), but the relationship between gender and high utilization was not investigated.”
BackgroundDoes stigma predict a belief in dealing with depression alone?
Griffiths, K. M., Crisp, D. A., Jorm, A. F., & Christensen, H. M. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.012 · Cited by 65
The Role of Gender and Income in Predicting Barriers to Mental Health Care in Canada
Slaunwhite, A. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9814-8 · Cited by 66
Research on gender differences in online health communities
Liu, X., Sun, M., & Li, J. (2018) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.12.019 · Cited by 66
Tieu, Y., & Konnert, C. A. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.814104 · Cited by 64
“Demographic factors were entered in the first block, and all other scores were entered in the second block, a strategy employed in previous research (e.g., Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
MethodMen’s depression and suicide literacy: a nationally representative Canadian survey
Oliffe, J., Hannan-Leith, M. N., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Black, N., Mackenzie, C., Lohan, M., & Creighton, G. M. (2016) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2016.1177770 · Cited by 56
“Research also indicates that Canadian men are less likely to report intentions to seek professional help for mental health problems, perhaps because they have less positive attitudes toward treatment seeking than women (Mackenzie et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationZhao, M., Lv, X., Maimaitirexiati, T., He, J., Luo, B., Chen, W., Wang, K., Gu, P., Kuang, W., Zhou, Y., et al. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215000940 · Cited by 64
“Finally, sociodemographic determinants, such as gender and educational level, family history, and the living situation are related to delayed diagnosis (Tijhuis et al., 1990; Mackenzie et al., 2006; Pentzek et al., 2009; Ramakers et al., 2009; Tedstone Doherty and Kartalova-O’Doherty, 2010).”
BackgroundSeyfi, F., Poudel, K. C., Yasuoka, J., Otsuka, K., & Jimba, M. (2013) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-519 · Cited by 63
“We selected the independent variables in the multiple regression analyses based on the previous studies on professional psychological help-seeking [36] [37].”
Yue, J. K., Levin, H. S., Suen, C. G., Morrissey, M. R., Runyon, S. J., Winkler, E. A., Puffer, R. C., Deng, H., Robinson, C. K., Rick, J. W., et al. (2019) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2019.1602312 · Cited by 65
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in women: frequency, characteristics, and diagnostic challenges
Bruno, M., Castaño, A., Burton, A., et al. (2020) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-020-10010-8 · Cited by 62
Magnezi, R., Bergman, Y. S., & Grosberg, D. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2630 · Cited by 62
“Patients who are more likely to search online for health care information include women [15,16], those with a higher education, a chronic health condition, more years of Internet experience, and those with broadband access [17,18].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mackenzie, C. S., Gekoski, W. L., & Knox, V. J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mackenzie, C. S.
- ORCID
- Mackenzie, C. S.
- Venue
- Aging & Mental Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 574-582
- ISSN
- 1360-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-6915
- OpenAlex
- W2014172961
- Semantic Scholar
- d232506e2297dea5f6d1729b555e7bd93577103f
- Cited by
- 878
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 13.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aging & Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking attitudes, mental health service utilization, underutilization of mental health services, age differences, gender differences, older adults, men, help-seeking intentions, open-mindedness, primary care mental health, psychiatric symptoms, help-seeking barriers
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Demography, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Ontario, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Marital Status
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
