Anxiety and depression and its correlates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke-out in Wuhan China in December 2019, and spread throughout the entire country within a short time. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors were analysed in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This single-center cross-sectional study focussed on measuring depression and anxiety using self-report scales. Linear regression was used to determine independent predictors for depression and anxiety. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms were diagnosed in 35.9% and 38.5% of the patients, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis found female gender was an independent predictor for higher depression severity index. Having family members who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and family members who died from COVID-19 were independently associated with higher depression severity index and anxiety score. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 especially those who had family members diagnosed with COVID-19 or died from COVID-19 were more susceptible to depression and anxiety than were other patients. Effective strategies should be pursued to improve the mental health of this patient population.Key pointsPatients with COVID-19 showed a significantly high prevalence of depression and anxiety.Female patients were associated with higher risk of depression.Patients with family members diagnosed as COVID-19 or died from this disease were associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One of the risk factors for elevated emotional distress is having a family member or a colleague with confirmed COVID-19.
“One of the risk factors for elevated emotional distress is having a family member or a colleague with confirmed COVID-19”
The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 is higher than usual.
“The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 is higher than usual.”
From The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
Self-citationLu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30251-8 · Cited by 11,907 · see citing works
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923 · see citing works
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · see citing works
Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924 · Cited by 2,830 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R. S., Choo, F. N., Tran, B., Ho, R., Sharma, V. K., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 · Cited by 2,571 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Studies of the general population of China have found significantly higher prevalence rates of depression and anxiety (Gao et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020a, 2020b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPrevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., Yu, Y., Kou, C., Xu, X., Lu, J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30511-x · Cited by 2,335 · see citing works
Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Lu, W. Z., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors
Mak, I. W. C., Chu, C. M., Pan, P. C., Yiu, M. G. C., & Chan, V. L. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
Li, K., Fang, Y., Li, W., Pan, C., Qin, P., Zhong, Y., Liu, X., Huang, M., Liao, Y., & Li, S. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06817-6 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Losada-Baltar, A., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Gallego-Alberto, L., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Fernandes-Pires, J., & Márquez-González, M. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa048 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
CHENG, S. K. W., WONG, C. W., TSANG, J., & WONG, K. C. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002272 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The 2014 Ebola Outbreak and Mental Health: Current Status and Recommended Response
Shultz, J. M., Baingana, F., & Neria, Y. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17934 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Ji, D., Ji, Y.-J., Duan, X.-Z., Li, W.-G., Sun, Z.-Q., Song, X.-A., Meng, Y.-H., Tang, H.-M., Chu, F., Niu, X.-X., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14498 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Psychosocial impact among the public of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Taiwan
Ko, C., Yen, C., Yen, J., & YANG, M. (2006) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01522.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The comorbidity of anxiety and depression in general medical patients: a longitudinal study.
Zung, W. W. K., Magruder-Habib, K., Vélez, R., & Alling, W. C. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Chalmers, J. D., Taylor, J., Mandal, P., Choudhury, G., Singanayagam, A., Akram, A. R., & HILL, A. T. (2011) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cir463 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Ishikawa, H., Tachimori, H., Takeshima, T., Umeda, M., Miyamoto, K., Shimoda, H., Baba, T., & Kawakami, N. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.050 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Marthoenis, M., Ilyas, A., Sofyan, H., & Schouler-Ocak, M. (2019) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.030 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Li, H., Jin, D., Qiao, F., et al. (2015) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0091217415621265 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Xie, Z., Xu, J., & Wu, Z. (2017) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2016.1276525 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ren, Z., Cao, J., Peng, C., Shi, D., Cao, B., Yang, G., Liang, S., Du, F., Su, N., Yu, M., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051571 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rancāns, E., Renemane, L., Ķīvīte‐Urtāne, A., & Ziedonis, D. M. (2020) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00276-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Nie, X., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Xiong, Z., Liao, J., Hao, L., Liu, G., Duan, L.-P., Zheng, Z., Ren, Y., et al. (2019) · Peritoneal Dialysis International · doi:10.3747/pdi.2018.00239 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis
Deng, J., Zhou, F., Hou, W., Silver, Z., Wong, C. Y., Chang, O., Huang, E., & Zuo, Q. K. (2021) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14506 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Qiao, D., Xu, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, Y., Wen, D., Li, X., Nie, X., Dong, Y., Tang, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26883 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationPang, N. T. P., Nold Imon, G., Johoniki, E., Mohd Kassim, M. A., Omar, A., Syed Abdul Rahim, S. S., Hayati, F., Jeffree, M. S., & Ng, J. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18137210 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“One of the risk factors for elevated emotional distress is having a family member or a colleague with confirmed COVID-19 [59,60].”
Background
- Authors
- Nie, X.-D., Wang, Q., Wang, M.-N., Zhao, S., Liu, L., Zhu, Y.-L., & Chen, H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Yu-Lan
- Chen, Hong
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-07-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-114
- ISSN
- 1365-1501 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-1788
- OpenAlex
- W3042283793
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, patient mental health, prevalence, risk factors, female sex, family members with COVID-19, family bereavement, Wuhan
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Anxiety, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Linear Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
