Quality of life, fertility concerns, and behavioral health outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors: a systematic review
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women younger than age 50 years. Cancer treatments in younger women may cause premature menopause, infertility, and negative psychosocial effects. In this systematic review, we examined three key domains of functioning that are particularly relevant for younger breast cancer survivors: health-related quality of life (QOL), menopausal symptoms and fertility concerns, and behavioral health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a literature review using PubMed and secondary sources and examined 840 articles published between January 1990 and July 2010. Inclusion criteria for articles were 1) published in English after 1989; 2) exclusively analyzed female breast cancer survivors aged 50 years or younger or premenopausal at diagnosis, with baseline characteristics and/or quantitative or descriptive analyses for this age group; 3) investigated QOL (health-related QOL including physical functioning and mental health, depression, and anxiety), menopause- or fertility-related concerns, and weight gain or physical activity-related behavioral health outcomes. Data were extracted using a standardized table collecting the purpose, design, population, and results of each study. Extracted data were reviewed for accuracy by two investigators and presented as descriptive tables. RESULTS: A total of 28 articles met the inclusion criteria (15 cross-sectional studies, eight longitudinal studies, and five randomized trials). Regarding data review, no discordance between investigators was noted. Standardized measures of QOL and depressive symptoms identified worse outcomes as being more frequent or severe in breast cancer survivors aged 50 years or younger when compared with the general age-matched population of women without cancer and to older women (aged >50 years) with breast cancer. Concerns about premature menopause, menopausal symptoms, and infertility were common in younger women (aged ≤ 50 years) and had a role in the level of distress after treatment. Weight gain and physical inactivity were common health outcomes in younger women. CONCLUSIONS: Younger women with breast cancer were found to experience distinct psychosocial and menopause-related concerns, weight gain, and physical inactivity. A need for more longitudinal research, including efforts at intervention to manage these symptoms and adverse health outcomes, remains.
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Frailty tends to be a concern in older women, while fertility issues uniquely impact younger premenopausal survivors.
“Frailty tends to be a concern in older women37 while fertility issues uniquely impact younger premenopausal survivors.38”
From Behavioral interventions to enhance adherence to hormone therapy in breast cancer survivors: a systematic literature review (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
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Prescott, J., Ma, H., Bernstein, L., & Ursin, G. (2007) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0873 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Grøenvold, M., Fayers, P. M., Petersen, M. A., & Mouridsen, H. T. (2006) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9160-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bone mineral density and adjuvant therapy in breast cancer survivors
Crandall, C. J., Petersen, L., Ganz, P. A., & Greendale, G. A. (2004) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-004-0804-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical and mental health correlates of pregnancy following breast cancer
Gorman, J. R., Roesch, S. C., Parker, B. A., Madlensky, L., Saquib, N., Newman, V. A., & Pierce, J. P. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1614 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016
Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Kramer, J. L., Rowland, J. H., Stein, K. D., Alteri, R., & Jemal, A. (2016) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21349 · Cited by 6,066 · see citing works
“In addition, treatment with chemotherapy can lead to impaired fertility and premature menopause, which increase the risk of osteoporosis.(34) Chemotherapy with taxanes often leads to neuropathy, which can persist long after treatment ends.”
BackgroundCancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019
Miller, K. D., Nogueira, L., Mariotto, A. B., Rowland, J. H., Yabroff, K. R., Alfano, C. M., Jemal, A., Kramer, J. L., & Siegel, R. L. (2019) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21565 · Cited by 4,252 · see citing works
Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2022
Miller, K. D., Nogueira, L., Devasia, T. P., Mariotto, A. B., Yabroff, K. R., Jemal, A., Kramer, J. L., & Siegel, R. L. (2022) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21731 · Cited by 3,689 · see citing works
Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2014
Desantis, C. E., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Siegel, R. L., Stein, K., Kramer, J. L., Alteri, R., Robbins, A. S., & Jemal, A. (2014) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21235 · Cited by 2,781 · see citing works
“In addition, treatment with chemotherapy can lead to impaired fertility and premature menopause, which increases the risk of osteoporosis.(34) Anthracyclines and HER2-targeted drugs can lead to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.”
BackgroundBreast Cancer, Version 4.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Gradishar, W. J., Anderson, B. O., Balassanian, R., Blair, S. L., Burstein, H. J., Cyr, A. E., ELIAS, A. D., Farrar, W. B., Forero, A., Giordano, S. H., et al. (2018) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2018.0012 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Global cancer in women: burden and trends.
Torre, L. A., Islami, F., Siegel, R. L., Ward, E. M., & Jemal, A. (2017) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0858 · Cited by 1,245 · see citing works
“Younger breast cancer patients may have treatment-related side effects, such as impaired fertility or premature menopause (38).”
BackgroundRunowicz, C. D., Leach, C. R., Henry, N. L., Henry, K. S., Mackey, H. T., Cowens-Alvarado, R. L., Cannady, R. S., Pratt-Chapman, M. L., Edge, S. B., Jacobs, L. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2015.64.3809 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Self-citationBreast Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Gradishar, W. J., Moran, M. S., Abraham, J., Aft, R., Agnese, D. M., Allison, K. H., Anderson, B. M., Burstein, H. J., Chew, H. K., Dang, C. T., et al. (2022) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2022.0030 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors
Rock, C. L., Thomson, C. A., Sullivan, K. R., Howe, C. L., Kushi, L. H., Caan, B. J., Neuhouser, M. L., Bandera, E. V., Wang, Y., Robien, K., et al. (2022) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21719 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Runowicz, C. D., Leach, C. R., Henry, N. L., Henry, K. S., Mackey, H. T., Cowens‐Alvarado, R. L., Cannady, R. S., Pratt‐Chapman, M. L., Edge, S. B., Jacobs, L. A., et al. (2016) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21319 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
“Younger breast cancer patients can be particularly vulnerable to the physical, emotional, and psychosocial late effects of treatment because of the aggressiveness of their disease, the intensity of the treatment plan,(47,187) and their younger age, when a cancer diagnosis is not as common or is unexpected.(188,189) Tr…”
Self-citationHealth-related quality of life in breast cancer patients: review of reviews from 2008 to 2018
Mokhtari-Hesari, P., & Montazeri, A. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01591-x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
“(3) Side effects of treatments Five reviews focused on side effects of treatment modalities including topics related to fatigue, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, reproductive and menopausal symptoms and lymphedema [33, 34, 38, 53, 54].”
BackgroundCarreira, H., Williams, R., Müller, M., Harewood, R., Stanway, S., & Bhaskaran, K. (2018) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy177 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
“…determinants of anxiety included younger age at diagnosis and having comorbidities; this is consistent with literature reporting that young breast cancer survivors have specific concerns, for example, fertility issues for women who want more children or weight gain during and after treatments (10).”
ResultRuddy, K. J., Gelber, S. I., Tamimi, R. M., Ginsburg, E. S., Schapira, L., Come, S. E., Borges, V. F., Meyer, M. E., & Partridge, A. H. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.52.8877 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
“Potential infertility resulting frombreastcancertreatmentsmaybeconcerning to many young women and may contribute to the higher levels of distress found in younger patients.(2) Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer can cause immediate or early menopause, and even in those who continue to me…”
BackgroundWeaver, K. E., Forsythe, L. P., Reeve, B. B., Alfano, C. M., Rodriguez, J. L., Sabatino, S. A., Hawkins, N. A., & Rowland, J. H. (2012) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0740 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
“ger current age was also a correlate of poormental health, consistent with prior research (18, 20).”
Lambertini, M., Moore, H. C. F., Leonard, R. C., Loibl, S., Münster, P. N., Bruzzone, M., Boni, L., Unger, J. M., Anderson, R. A., Mehta, K. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2018.78.0858 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
“Chemotherapyinduced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can have a substantial negative impact on patients’ quality of life and is associated with several side effects, such as vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, and fertility-related problems.(3) Author affiliations and support information”
BackgroundPlaydon, M. C., Bracken, M. B., Sanft, T. B., Ligibel, J. A., Harrigan, M., & Irwin, M. L. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv275 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
“Variation in magnitude of weight gain may be attributed to differences in treatment (35), physical activity (36), age, smoking status (37), and length of follow-up, which reflects different points in the cancer trajectory.”
BackgroundInvasive Breast Cancer Version 1.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Gradishar, W. J., Anderson, B. O., Balassanian, R., Blair, S. L., Burstein, H. J., Cyr, A. E., ELIAS, A. D., Farrar, W. B., Forero, A., Giordano, S. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2016.0037 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Premature ovarian insufficiency: an international menopause society white paper
Panay, N., Anderson, R. A., Nappi, R. E., Vincent, A. J., Vujovic, S., Webber, L., & Wolfman, W. (2020) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2020.1804547 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Franzoi, M. A., Agostinetto, E., Perachino, M., Mastro, L. D., de Azambuja, E., Vaz-Luís, I., Partridge, A. H., & Lambertini, M. (2021) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30666-5 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Body Image in Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Paterson, C. L., Lengacher, C. A., Donovan, K. A., Kip, K. E., & Tofthagen, C. S. (2016) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000251 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“n Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to synthesize evidence in the literature for body image in younger breast cancer survivors, a group particularly at risk for body image issues after treatment.(12,13,19,27) The terms ‘‘body image,’’ ‘‘sexuality intervention,’’ ‘‘women,’’ ‘‘younger women,…”
MethodClinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease
Wiles, K., Chappell, L. C., Clark, K., Elman, L., Hall, M., Lightstone, L., Mohamed, G., Mukherjee, D., Nelson‐Piercy, C., Webster, P., et al. (2019) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-019-1560-2 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Champion, V. L., Wagner, L. I., Monahan, P. O., Daggy, J., Smith, L., Cohee, A., Ziner, K. W., Haase, J. E., Miller, K. D., Pradhan, K., et al. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28737 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
“Compared to AC, YS report more cognitive problems as well as sexual difficulty, depression, and fatigue.(3,4,6,9) As a group, increased symptomatology by YS may be related to experiencing an abrupt menopause.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRosenberg, S. M., Tracy, M., Meyer, M. E., Sepucha, K., Gelber, S. I., Hirshfield-Bartek, J., Troyan, S. L., Morrow, M., Schapira, L., Come, S. E., et al. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00003 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“1(1) 1(1) 5(4) 13(11) 5(4) 28 (23) 57 (46) 18(15) 73 (59) 45 (37) 57 (46) 66 (54) Not Sure”
The impact of cancer on subsequent chance of pregnancy: a population-based analysis
Anderson, R. A., Brewster, D., Wood, R., Nowell, S., Fischbacher, C., Kelsey, T., & Wallace, W. H. (2018) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dey216 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
“, 2013), additionally impacted by social, psychological and sexual effects of cancer and its treatment (Ganz et al., 1998; Howard-Anderson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundESO-ESMO 3rd international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY3)
Paluch–Shimon, S., Pagani, O., Partridge, A. H., Abulkhair, O. A. M., Cardoso, M. J., Dent, R. A., Gelmon, K. A., Gentilini, O., Harbeck, N., Margulies, A., et al. (2017) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2017.07.017 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Second international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY2)
Paluch–Shimon, S., Pagani, O., Partridge, A. H., Bar‐Meir, E., Fallowfield, L. J., Fenlon, D., Friedman, E., Gelmon, K. A., Gentilini, O., Geraghty, J., et al. (2016) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2015.12.010 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Lambertini, M., Ceppi, M., Poggio, F. B., Peccatori, F. A., Azim, H. A., Ugolini, D., Pronzato, P., Loibl, S., Moore, H. C. F., Partridge, A. H., et al. (2015) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv374 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
“health of young breast cancer survivors [6].”
Adolescent and young adult oncology—past, present, and future
Close, A. G., Dreyzin, A., Miller, K. D., Seynnaeve, B. K. N., & Rapkin, L. B. (2019) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21585 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Rock, C. L., Flatt, S. W., Byers, T., Colditz, G. A., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Ganz, P. A., Wolin, K. Y., ELIAS, A. D., Krontiras, H., Liu, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2015.61.1095 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“Also, younger breast cancer survivors are more likely to have young children, family obligations, and work demands that make it more difficult to make dietary modifications and achieve daily exercise goals, as well as greater psychosocial distress after diagnosis.(24,25) Younger breast cancer survivors may need counse…”
BackgroundSelf-citationLogan, S., Perz, J., Ussher, J. M., Peate, M., & Anazodo, A. C. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4927 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Lambertini, M., Boni, L., Michelotti, A., Gamucci, T., Scotto, T., Gori, S., Giordano, M., Garrone, O., Levaggi, A., Poggio, F. B., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17291 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Prevalence of depression in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review of observational studies
Zainal, N. Z., Nik-Jaafar, N. R., Baharudin, A., Sabki, Z. A., & Ng, C. G. (2013) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2649 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“This is also the period whereby survivors may be at risk of developing long-term physical and psychological complications of the disease and/ or its array of treatment including mastectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Howard-Anderson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCanetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Gradishar, W. J., Anderson, B. O., Balassanian, R., Blair, S. L., Burstein, H. J., Cyr, A. E., ELIAS, A. D., Farrar, W. B., Forero, A., Giordano, S. H., et al. (2015) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2015.0060 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Breast Cancer in Adolescent and Young Adult Women Under the Age of 40 Years
Cathcart-Rake, E. J., Ruddy, K. J., Bleyer, A., & Johnson, R. H. (2021) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.20.00793 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Body image in recently diagnosed young women with early breast cancer
Rosenberg, S. M., Tamimi, R. M., Gelber, S. I., Ruddy, K. J., Kereakoglow, S., Borges, V. F., Come, S. E., Schapira, L., Winer, E. P., & Partridge, A. H. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3221 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“[12] found that concern with either weight gain or weight loss was associated with poorer body image, most studies in breast cancer survivors have focused exclusively on perceptions of weight gain, which occurs much more commonly than weight loss in this population [3].”
BackgroundRosenberg, S. M., Dominici, L. S., Gelber, S. I., Poorvu, P. D., Ruddy, K. J., Wong, J. S., Tamimi, R. M., Schapira, L., Come, S. E., Peppercorn, J. M., et al. (2020) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3325 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Return to work among breast cancer survivors: A literature review
Sun, Y., Shigaki, C. L., & Armer, J. M. (2016) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-016-3446-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Changes in self-image and reduced self-esteem may be more prominent among female breast cancer survivors compared to general cancer survivorship [60, 63, 64].”
Physical and Mental Health Among Cancer Survivors
Naughton, M. J., & Weaver, K. E. (2014) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/ncm.75.4.283 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Younger women with breast cancer have been studied more than other populations of younger survivors, and we know more about the quality of life of these patients over time than we do about other cancer patients diagnosed as younger adults [26-28].”
Ljungman, L., Ahlgren, J., Petersson, L., Flynn, K. E., Weinfurt, K. P., Gorman, J. R., Wettergren, L., & Lampic, C. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4886 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“34 (67) 23 (30) 7 (14) 17 (33) 54 (70) 43 (86)”
Cheema, B. S., Kilbreath, S. L., Fahey, P. P., Delaney, G. P., & Atlantis, E. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-014-3162-9 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Low physical functioning and HRQoL, in turn, contribute to greater mortality in this population [22, 23].”
BackgroundInfluentialExperiencing reproductive concerns as a female cancer survivor is associated with depression
Gorman, J. R., Su, H.-C. I., Roberts, S. C., Dominick, S. A., & Malcarne, V. L. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29133 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with other studies exploring the association between reproductive concerns and quality-of-life outcomes among young cancer survivors, including our prior study of breast cancer survivors.(3,6,33) Twenty-two percent of our sample reported moderate to severe depression.”
BackgroundResultFirst international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY1)
Partridge, A. H., Pagani, O., Abulkhair, O. A. M., Aebi, S. P., Amant, F. C., Azim, H. A., Costa, A., Delaloge, S., Freilich, G., Gentilini, O., et al. (2014) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2014.03.011 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Munhoz, R. R., Pereira, A. A. L., Sasse, A. D., Hoff, P. M., Traina, T. A., Hudis, C. A., & Marques, R. J. (2015) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3251 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Survivorship, Version 2.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Denlinger, C. S., Sanft, T. B., Baker, K. S., Baxi, S. S., Broderick, G. A., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Friedman, D. L., Goldman, M. E., Hudson, M. M., Khakpour, N., et al. (2017) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2017.0146 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Fertility preservation during cancer treatment: clinical guidelines
Oktay, K., & Rodriguez‐Wallberg, K. A. (2014) · Cancer Management and Research · doi:10.2147/cmar.s32380 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Impact of Fertility Concerns on Tamoxifen Initiation and Persistence
Llarena, N. C., Estevez, S. L., Tucker, S. L., & Jeruss, J. S. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv202 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“For women of childbearing age, fertility concerns can have an important role in treatment decision-making (6,7).”
BackgroundA multidimensional scale to measure the reproductive concerns of young adult female cancer survivors
Gorman, J. R., Su, H.-C. I., Pierce, J. P., Roberts, S. C., Dominick, S. A., & Malcarne, V. L. (2013) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-013-0333-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Despite professional society guidelines recommending a discussion of fertility risks with cancer patients, YA female survivors have significant unmet medical and informational needs regarding their fertility and parenthood options [8-11], which are associated with poorer quality of life in survivorship [7, 12-18].”
BackgroundUnique Features of Young Age Breast Cancer and Its Management
Lee, H., & Han, W. (2014) · Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.4.301 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Younger women experience greater physical and psychosocial impact after breast surgery than older women [57].”
BackgroundLow heart rate variability and cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors
Crosswell, A. D., Lockwood, K. G., Ganz, P. A., & Bower, J. E. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.011 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“This group was of interest because they are at elevated risk for fatigue and other negative consequences of cancer treatment (Howard-Anderson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationJones, G. L., Hughes, J., Mahmoodi, N., Smith, E., Skull, J., & Ledger, W. J. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx009 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Management of breast cancer in very young women
Rosenberg, S. M., & Partridge, A. H. (2015) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2015.07.036 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“At younger age, attractiveness and fertility are often substantial issues as well, and these factors all likely contribute to the greater psychosocial distress experienced by in younger women at both diagnosis and in follow-up compared with older women [8].”
BackgroundLogan, S., Perz, J., Ussher, J. M., Peate, M., & Anazodo, A. C. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4502 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“For example, higher fertility‐ related concerns and poorer fertility quality of life are seen in cancer survivors of a younger age, and this is related to later distress.(20) For young adult cancer patients, fertility concerns are related to higher psychological distress, and the experience of cancer influences later…”
BackgroundManaging Menopausal Symptoms and Associated Clinical Issues in Breast Cancer Survivors
Santen, R. J., Stuenkel, C. A., Davis, S. R., Pinkerton, J. V., Gompel, A., & Lumsden, M. A. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01138 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“chemotherapeutic agents on the ovary (7).”
Schou Bredal, I., Smeby, N. A., Ottesen, S., Warncke, T., & Schlichting, E. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.12.239 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Lambertini, M., Horicks, F., Mastro, L. D., Partridge, A. H., & Demeestere, I. (2018) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.11.006 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Importantly, besides infertility, POI development has several other negative consequences on the quality of life and wellbeing of young patients being associated with menopausal symptoms as well as risk of osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular disease [2].”
BackgroundRuggeri, M., Pagan, E., Bagnardi, V., Bianco, N., Gallerani, E., Buser, K., Giordano, M., Gianni, L., Rabaglio, M., Freschi, A., et al. (2019) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2019.07.001 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Pudkasam, S., Polman, R. C. J., Pitcher, M. E., Fisher, M., Chinlumprasert, N., Stojanovska, L., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2018) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.07.010 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Younger breast cancer survivors possibly have more mood distress and worse psychological adjustment than older survivors which may be due to reproductive disturbances [18] and impaired sexual partnership [10].”
BackgroundAn update on primary ovarian insufficiency
Jin, M., Yu, Y., & Huang, H. (2012) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-012-4355-2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Goossens, J., Delbaere, I., Lancker, A. V., Beeckman, D., Verhaeghe, S. T. L., & Hecke, A. V. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.06.015 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“The psychosocial impact of fertility loss comprised psychosocial concerns, distress and poor sexual functioning (Canada and Schover, 2012; Carter et al., 2010; Howard-Anderson et al., 2012; Wenzel et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInvestigation of antioxidant and anticancer potential of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum
Palanisamy, S., Vinosha, M., Manikandakrishnan, M., Anjali, R., Rajasekar, P., Marudhupandi, T., Manikandan, R., Vaseeharan, B., & Prabhu, N. M. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.163 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Imran, M., Al‐Wassia, R., Alkhayyat, S. S., Baig, M., & Al-Saati, B. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219093 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Treatment‐related amenorrhea and sexual functioning in young breast cancer survivors
Rosenberg, S. M., Tamimi, R. M., Gelber, S. I., Ruddy, K. J., Bober, S. L., Kereakoglow, S., Borges, V. F., Come, S. E., Schapira, L., & Partridge, A. H. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28738 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“This is crucial, because the onset of amenorrhea, whether temporary or permanent, can be especially distressing among young women.(3) Furthermore, there is a need to develop, test, and evaluate interventions to improve shortterm and long-term sexual outcomes and other dimensions of QOL in young women.”
BackgroundGeue, K., Sender, A., Schmidt, R., Richter, D., Hinz, A., Schulte, T., Brähler, E., & Stöbel‐Richter, Y. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0559-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Depression in adolescents and young adults with cancer
Park, E. M., & Rosenstein, D. L. (2015) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2015.17.2/epark · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Faller, H., Brähler, E., Härter, M. C., Keller, M., Schulz, H., Wegscheider, K., Weis, J., Boehncke, A., Reuter, K., Richard, M., et al. (2017) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.05.031 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Ávila, M. M., Platas, A., & Martínez-Cannon, B. A. (2017) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.17002279 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Lambertini, M., Campbell, C., Bines, J., Korde, L. A., Izquierdo, M. A., Fumagalli, D., Mastro, L. D., Ignatiadis, M., Pritchard, K. I., Wolff, A. C., et al. (2018) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy094 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Aquaporin-Facilitated Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
Ieso, M. L. D., & Yool, A. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2018.00135 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
To preserve or not to preserve
Mersereau, J. E., Goodman, L. R., Deal, A. M., Gorman, J. R., Whitcomb, B. W., & Su, H.-C. I. (2013) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28317 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“For many female young adult survivors, the ability to have biological children is central to their quality of life.(2,3) Because many cancer treatments have the potential to be gonadotoxic, newly diagnosed cancer patients are advised to consider their desire for future fertility and fertility preservation (FP) options…”
BackgroundZavos, A., & Valachis, A. (2016) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2016.1155738 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“One of the main issues that influence patients’ quality of life after adjuvant chemotherapy is the risk for infertility [4].”
BackgroundSexual Health Issues in Women with Cancer
Krychman, M., & Millheiser, L. S. (2013) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12034 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Naik, H., Leung, B. O., Laskin, J. J., McDonald, M., Srikanthan, A., Wu, J., Bates, A. T., & Ho, C. (2019) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05468-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Partner support and anxiety in young women with breast cancer
Borstelmann, N. A., Rosenberg, S. M., Ruddy, K. J., Tamimi, R. M., Gelber, S. I., Schapira, L., Come, S. E., Borges, V. F., Morgan, E., & Partridge, A. H. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3780 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“As has been reported in prior studies, younger age at diagnosis of cancer was also an independent predictor of higher levels of anxiety [7].”
ResultVin‐Raviv, N., Hillyer, G. C., Hershman, D. L., Galea, S., Leoce, N., Bovbjerg, D. H., Kushi, L. H., Kroenke, C. H., Lamerato, L. E., Ambrosone, C. B., et al. (2013) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djt024 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Furthermore, a recent review that examined quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress perception among young breast cancer survivors concluded that younger women with breast cancer experienced more emotional distress than their older counterparts or than the general age-matched population without cancer (36).”
BackgroundFertility and pregnancy issues in BRCA -mutated breast cancer patients
Lambertini, M., Goldrat, O., Toss, A., Azim, H. A., Peccatori, F. A., Ignatiadis, M., Mastro, L. D., & Demeestere, I. (2017) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.07.001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Avis, N. E., Levine, B. J., Naughton, M. J., Case, L. D., Naftalis, E. Z., & Zee, K. J. V. (2013) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2513-2 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“As with general psychological distress, younger age consistently has been shown to be associated with increased depression risk [8-14].”
BackgroundCancer-Related Worry in Canadian Thyroid Cancer Survivors
Bresner, L., Banach, R., Rodin, G., Thabane, L., Ezzat, S., & Sawka, A. M. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3169 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“In a systematic review examining quality of life and behavioral outcomes in breast cancer survivors, Howard-Anderson et al (18) reported that premenopausal women experienced greater depressive symptoms (both incidence risk and severity), stress and anxiety, poorer health-related quality of life, and more menopausal an…”
Online support groups for women with breast cancer
McCaughan, E., Parahoo, K., Hueter, I., Northouse, L., & Bradbury, I. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011652.pub2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
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“Frailty tends to be a concern in older women,(36) while fertility issues uniquely affect younger premenopausal survivors.(37) Thus, designing interventions that also take into account the unique needs of premenopausal survivors is warranted.”
Resilience in women with breast cancer: A systematic review
Aizpurua-Perez, I., & Perez-Tejada, J. (2020) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101854 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
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Young Women with Breast Cancer: A Focus Group Study of Unmet Needs
Ruddy, K. J., Greaney, M. L., Sprunck‐Harrild, K., Meyer, M. E., Emmons, K. M., & Partridge, A. H. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2013.0014 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“A systematic review of 28 studies of survivors p50 years of age found that anxiety, depression, and impaired quality of life were common, as were concerns about weight gain, premature menopause, menopausal symptoms, and infertility.(4) However, little previous research has focused on how to relieve distress and improv…”
BackgroundBantema-Joppe, E. J., de Bock, G. H., Iersel, M. W.-V., Busz, D. M., Ranchor, A., Langendijk, J. A., Maduro, J. H., & van den Heuvel, E. R. (2015) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.632 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Published data suggest that breast cancer has a greater impact on HRQoL in younger patients than in older ones (Schroevers et al , 2004; Howard-Anderson et al , 2012; Koch et al , 2013; Champion et al , 2014; Morrow et al , 2014) and a reduction in impact is seen with increasing age (Schroevers et…”
Sekse, R. J. T., Hufthammer, K. O., & Vika, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.12647 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Furthermore, in a systematic review on health-related QoL in younger breast cancer survivors (Howard-Anderson et al. 2012) and, more specifically, in a longitudinal study on gynaecological cancers (Chan et al.”
BackgroundDi Meglio, A., Havas, J., Gbenou, A. S., Martin, E., El-Mouhebb, M., Pistilli, B., Menvielle, G., Dumas, A., Everhard, S., Martin, A.-L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.21.00277 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Downstream effects of adjuvant BC treatments include substantial impact on general well-being, physical functioning, and vitality, and alterations in cognition, metabolism, and sexuality.(7-9) Chemotherapy is associated with poorer emotional and social functioning, body-image issues, increased likelihood of unemployme…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBower, J. E., Partridge, A. H., Wolff, A. C., Thorner, E. D., Irwin, M. R., Joffe, H., Petersen, L., Crespi, C. M., & Ganz, P. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.21.00279 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Exclusion criteria were (1) recurrent or metastatic breast cancer; (2) another interval cancer diagnosis following breast cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer); (3) current mindfulness practice; (4) pregnancy; and (5) a serious chronic medical or psychiatric condition that could detract from interventio…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationCarroll, J., Bower, J. E., & Ganz, P. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00580-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationPosttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors: does age matter?
Boyle, C. C., Stanton, A. L., Ganz, P. A., & Bower, J. E. (2016) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4091 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Indeed, research indicates that the experience of cancer is different for younger and older women, with younger women evidencing greater distress throughout the cancer trajectory [2,3].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPremature menopause in young breast cancer: effects on quality of life and treatment interventions.
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Letourneau, J. M., Sinha, N., Wald, K., Harris, E., Quinn, M. M., Imbar, T., Mok-Lin, E. Y., Chien, A. J., & Rosen, M. P. (2017) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dex276 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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“These findings are consistent, despite the small sample size, with results from larger studies on the quality of life of younger women with breast cancer (Avis et al., 2004, 2005; Kroenke et al., 2004; Baucom et al., 2005; Luutonen et al., 2011; Howard-Anderson et al., 2012).”
ResultBreast Cancer Survivorship Issues
Stan, D. L., Loprinzi, C. L., & Ruddy, K. J. (2013) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2013.05.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Unmet Information Needs and Quality of Life in Young Breast Cancer Survivors in Japan
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Quality of Life Determinants in Breast Cancer Patients in Central Rural India
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“(Duijts et al., 2014, Howard- Anderson et al., 2012) Additionally, better QOL has been associated with longer survival of patients with cancer.”
BackgroundBoyle, C., Cole, S., Dutcher, J. M., Eisenberger, N., & Bower, J. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.024 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive impairment following breast cancer treatments: an umbrella review
Oliva, G., Giustiniani, A., Danesin, L., Burgio, F., Arcara, G., & Conte, P. (2024) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyae090 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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Self-citationExplaining age-related differences in depression following breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Avis, N. E., Levine, B. J., Naughton, M. J., Case, D., Naftalis, E. Z., & Zee, K. J. V. (2012) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2277-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“As with general psychological distress, younger age has been shown to be associated with increased depression risk [5, 6, 8, 13, 20, 21].”
- Authors
- Howard-Anderson, J., Ganz, P. A., Bower, J. E., & Stanton, A. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-01-23
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 386-405
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2109496096
- Cited by
- 830
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- breast cancer survivors, young women, health-related quality of life, fertility concerns, premature menopause, menopausal symptoms, infertility, depression, anxiety, weight gain, physical inactivity, psychosocial distress, cancer treatment side effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety, Breast Neoplasms, Depression, Female, Fertility, Humans, Menopause, Premature, Motor Activity, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, United States, Weight Gain, Health Behavior, Exercise, Age Distribution, Survivors
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