Online Sexual Grooming in Sweden—Online and Offline Sex Offences against Children as Described in Swedish Police Data
Abstract
The expansion in Internet use since the mid‐1990s has created a completely new and largely unmonitored forum for contacts between adults and children. The anonymity provided by Internet communications has been viewed as creating favourable conditions for adults wishing to develop manipulative relationships with children, and there has been a growing concern about the way the Internet may be used by adults intent on sexually exploiting and abusing young people. Much of the focus of this concern has been directed at adults using the Internet to create opportunities for the commission of offline sex offences. Based on police data from Sweden, this article describes the range of Internet‐related sexual offences against children currently being brought to the attention of the Swedish justice system. It focuses not only on the range of strategies employed by adults to persuade children to meet them offline for the purposes of sexual exploitation and abuse but also on the different types of online sexual offences that children in Sweden are currently being subjected to.
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Three articles described individuals initiating contact with multiple victims simultaneously or sequentially.
“Three articles described individuals initiating contact with multiple victims simultaneously (De Santisteban et al., 2018; Kloess et al., 2019; Shannon, 2008) or sequentially (Kloess etal., 2019).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
Individuals presented as curious about the child's interests and asked about and shared personal information relating to hobbies, relationships, and daily life.
“More specifically, they presented as curious about the child's interests, and asked about and shared personal information relating to hobbies, relationships, and daily life (Shannon, 2008).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
Individuals were reported to fabricate their profession/career in line with victims' interests to pique their curiosity and maintain engagement.
“and (b) fabricate their profession/career in line with victims' interests, again to pique their curiosity and maintain engagement (De Santisteban et al., 2018; Shannon, 2008).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
Individuals typically requested the child's contact information, including telephone number, instant messaging account details, and less commonly email address, to migrate communication.
“Individuals typically fulfilled this desire by requesting the child's contact information, including their telephone number (De Santisteban etal., 2018; Kloess etal., 2019; Shannon, 2008), instant messaging account details (Kloess etal., 2017, 2019; Shannon, 2008), and, less commonly, their email address (Kloess et al., 2017).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
Once engaged in conversation, individuals displayed an avid interest in the child's environment and actively sought out vulnerabilities within their microsystem, such as poverty, abuse, and bullying.
“Once engaged in conversation, individuals displayed an avid interest in the child's environment, and actively sought out vulnerabilities within their microsystem, such as poverty, abuse, and bullying (De Santisteban etal., 2018; Gámez-Guadix etal., 2021; Shannon, 2008).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
In Shannon's (2008) study, individuals lured victims to meetings in the physical world under the guise of modeling work.
“In Shannon's (2008) study, individuals lured victims to meetings in the physical world under the guise of modeling work,”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
The use of explicit persuasion strategies in order to overcome victims' resistance and achieve continued engagement in sexual interactions was observed across four articles.
“Persuasion. The use of explicit persuasion strategies in order to overcome victims' resistance and achieve the goal of continued engagement in sexual interactions was observed across four articles (Chiang & Grant, 2019; Seymour-Smith & Kloess, 2021; Shannon, 2008; K. Thomas etal., 2023):”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
Arranging offline contact sometimes served the purpose of engaging in sexual acts/activities in the physical world, but in other instances appeared to be a strategy to maintain victims' online engagement without any intention of transitioning to a physical meeting.
“While in some instances this clearly served the purpose of engaging in sexual acts/activities in the physical world (Chiang, 2018; Powell etal., 2021; Shannon, 2008; Whittle etal., 2015), it appeared to be more of a strategy to maintain victims' online engagement in others, without any intention of transitioning to a physical meeting (Kloess etal., 2017, 2019).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
In an attempt to incite victims, individuals also exposed themselves and engaged in masturbation.
“In an attempt to incite victims, individuals also exposed themselves and engaged in masturbation (Kloess et al., 2019; Shannon, 2008; Whittle etal., 2015).”
From Unraveling the Complexities of Offender Strategies as Part of Online Sexual Grooming and Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Shannon, 2008
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- Authors
- Shannon, D.
- Affiliations
- Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author
- Shannon, David
- Venue
- Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention
- Publisher
- Scandinavian University Press
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-180
- ISSN
- 1404-3858 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2340
- OpenAlex
- W2019712052
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal and Social Justice Studies
- Keywords
- online sexual grooming, child sexual abuse, online sexual exploitation, law enforcement data, Sweden, adult-child relationship, online anonymity
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