Experimentally manipulating social media abstinence: results of a four-week diary study
Abstract
Social media use has a weak, negative association with well-being in cross-sectional and longitudinal research, but this association in experimental studies is mixed. This investigation explores whether social media abstinence leads to improved daily well-being over four weeks of time. Community and undergraduate participants (N = 130) were randomly assigned to five experimental conditions: no change in social media use, and one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks abstinence from social media (i.e., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat). All participants completed a daily diary measuring loneliness, well-being, and quality of day. Results showed no main effect of social media abstinence. The duration of abstinence was not associated with change in outcomes and order of abstinence did not explain variance in outcomes. Results are consistent with trivial effects detected in large cross-sectional research, and call into question the causal relationship between social media and well-being on the daily level.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hall et al. found that social media abstention did not account for changes in loneliness or subjective well-being.
“For instance, Hall et al. (40) manipulated social media use by randomly assigning undergraduates to varying durations of abstinence (0, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) and found that social media abstention did not account for changes in loneliness or subjective well-being [see (41) for similar finding].”
From Does Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective (2021) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716 · see citing works
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768 · see citing works
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033 · see citing works
A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027504268574 · Cited by 4,781 · see citing works
Intensive Longitudinal Methods: An Introduction to Diary and Experience Sampling Research
Bolger, N. P., & Laurenceau, J. (2013) · Cited by 2,029 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. N. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617723376 · Cited by 1,705 · see citing works
Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069841 · Cited by 1,596 · see citing works
The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1 · Cited by 1,500 · cited 3× · see citing works
“This is consistent with recent research that suggests that the effect of social media on psychosocial outcomes is so small as to be trivial (Orben et al., 2019; Orben & Przybylski, 2019a).”
BackgroundResultA Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612442904 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being: Experimental and longitudinal evidence.
Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., Ybarra, O., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000057 · Cited by 988 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, posting updates, private messages) shows no effect (Hall, 2018; Verduyn et al., 2015).”
BackgroundNo More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression
Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751 · Cited by 947 · cited 6× · see citing works
“%) over a week and Hunt et al. (2018) over four weeks (79%).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential(2015) · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Findings All Psychologists Should Know From the New Science on Subjective Well-Being
Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L., & Oishi, S. (2017) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000063 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & James, A. E. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12162 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Sheldon, K. M., Abad, N., & Hinsch, C. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022407 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Social media’s enduring effect on adolescent life satisfaction
Orben, A., Dienlin, T., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1902058116 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: a meta-analysis
Huang, C. (2017) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0758 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Does Facebook make you lonely?: A meta analysis
Song, H., Zmyslinski-Seelig, A., Kim, J.-Y., Drent, A. M., Victor, A., Omori, K., & Allen, M. R. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.011 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
The Facebook experiment: Quitting Facebook leads to higher levels of well-being
Tromholt, M. (2016) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0259 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Screens, Teens, and Psychological Well-Being: Evidence From Three Time-Use-Diary Studies
Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619830329 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study
Shakya, H. B., & Christakis, N. A. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kww189 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Baker, D. A., & Algorta, G. P. (2016) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0206 · Cited by 286 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A systematic quantitative review suggests the association between SNS use and depression is positive though often moderated by the type of user and types of use (Baker & Algorta, 2016).”
BackgroundSocial Network Site Affordances and Their Relationship to Social Capital Processes
Ellison, N. B., & Jessica Vitak, B. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118426456.ch9 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Heffer, T., Good, M., Daly, O., MacDonell, E., & Willoughby, T. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618812727 · Cited by 278 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Song et al. (2014) and Heffer et al. (2019) suggests that the causal direction of social media use is far from a resolved issue.”
BackgroundWhen is social media use social interaction? Defining mediated social interaction
Hall, J. A. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816660782 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationThe burden of online friends: The effects of giving up Facebook on stress and well-being
Vanman, E. J., Baker, R., & Tobin, S. J. (2018) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1453467 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Hinsch, C., & Sheldon, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1453 · Cited by 135 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Abstaining from Facebook for two to seven days increases life satisfaction (Hinsch & Sheldon, 2013; Tromholt, 2016: d = 1.22) and increases positive emotions (d = .37) (Tromholt, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialStieger, S., & Lewetz, D. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0070 · Cited by 135 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Given the similar results of this study and that of Stieger and Lewetz (2018), perhaps social media has little to no effect on daily outcomes, but users believe that using social media is a waste of time.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTurel, O., Cavagnaro, D. R., & Meshi, D. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.017 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The associations between online media use and users’ perceived social resources: A meta-analysis
Domahidi, E. (2018) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmy007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
American Time Use Survey, 2005
Statistics, U. S. B. O. L., & Bureau, U. S. C. (2007) · ICPSR Data Holdings · doi:10.3886/icpsr04709 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review
O’Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100070 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Social Media and Well-Being: Pitfalls, Progress, and Next Steps
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Sheppes, G., Costello, C. K., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.005 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
The impact of digital technology use on adolescent well-being
Dienlin, T., & Johannes, N. (2020) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2020.22.2/tdienlin · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Social media use and well-being: What we know and what we need to know
Valkenburg, P. M. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.006 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review
Radtke, T., Apel, T., Schenkel, K., Keller, J., & von Lindern, E. (2022) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579211028647 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Social media literacy: A conceptual framework
Cho, H., Cannon, J. S., Lopez, R., & Li, W. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211068530 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Social media use and friendship closeness in adolescents’ daily lives: An experience sampling study.
Pouwels, J. L., Valkenburg, P. M., Beyens, I., van Driel, I. I., & Keijsers, L. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001148 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Nguyen, M. H. (2021) · Mass Communication and Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2021.1979045 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Opt-out, abstain, unplug. A systematic review of the voluntary digital disconnection literature
Nassen, L.-M., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., & Karsay, K. (2023) · Telematics and informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2023.101980 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Tylka, T. L., Rodgers, R. F., Calogero, R. M., Thompson, J. K., & Harriger, J. A. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Habits and the electronic herd: the psychology behind social media’s successes and failures
Anderson, I. A., & Wood, W. (2021) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.1063 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“However, other research has found that short periods of abstinence have no effect (e.g., Agadullina et al., 2020; Hall et al., 2019) or have negative effects such as increased loneliness and decreased life satisfaction (Vally & D'Souza, 2019; Vanman et al., 2018).”
BackgroundDoes Social Media Use Increase Depressive Symptoms? A Reverse Causation Perspective
Hartanto, A., Quek, F. Y. X., Tng, G. Y. Q., & Yong, J. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641934 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“(40) manipulated social media use by randomly assigning undergraduates to varying durations of abstinence (0, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) and found that social media abstention did not account for changes in loneliness or subjective well-being [see (41) for similar finding].”
BackgroundAbeele, M. M. P. V., Halfmann, A., & Lee, E. J. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Digital well-being in an age of mobile connectivity: An introduction to the Special Issue
Abeele, M. V., & Nguyen, M. H. (2022) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579221080899 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Impact of Social Media Use Interventions on Mental Well-Being: Systematic Review
Plackett, R., Blyth, A., & Schartau, P. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44922 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Abeele, M. V., Vandebosch, H., Koster, E. H. W., Leyn, T. D., Gaeveren, K. V., Vicente, D. D. S., Bruyssel, S. V., van Timmeren, T., Marez, L. D., Poels, K., et al. (2023) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1093/ct/qtad016 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationDigital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis
Moreno, M. A., Binger, K., Zhao, Q., Eickhoff, J., Minich, M., & Uhls, Y. T. (2022) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/35540 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Coyne, P., & Woodruff, S. J. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13121004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Taking a Break from Social Media Improves Wellbeing Through Sleep Quality
Graham, S., Mason, A., Riordan, B. C., Winter, T. J., & Scarf, D. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0217 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kuper, N., Kroencke, L., Harari, G. M., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000438 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Virtual social interaction and loneliness among emerging adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Towner, E., Tomova, L., Ladensack, D., Chu, K. A., & Callaghan, B. L. (2022) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100058 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nguyen, M. H., & Hargittai, E. (2023) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad044 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lemahieu, L., Zwalmen, Y. V., Mennes, M., Koster, E. H. W., Abeele, M. V., & Poels, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90984-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Leaving traces behind: Using social media digital trace data to study adolescent wellbeing
Sultan, M., Scholz, C., & van den Bos, W. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100281 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Social media use, psychological well-being and physical health during lockdown
Yue, Z., Lee, D. S., Xiao, J., & Zhang, R. (2021) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2021.2013917 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wellbeing and productivity: a review of the literature
Isham, A., Mair, S., & Jackson, T. (2020) · Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Digital Strategies for Screen Time Reduction: A Randomized Field Experiment
Zimmermann, L., & Sobolev, M. (2023) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0027 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“51,52 56 We add experimental evidence to this literature questioning the narrative that mobile usage is generally harmful.”
Effects of limiting digital screen use on well-being, mood, and biomarkers of stress in adults
Pedersen, J., Rasmussen, M. G. B., Sørensen, S. O., Mortensen, S. R., Olesen, L. G., Brage, S., Kristensen, P. L., Puterman, E. M., & Grøntved, A. (2022) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-022-00015-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
van Wezel, M. M. C., Abrahamse, E. L., & Vanden Abeele, M. M. P. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100365 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wolfers, L. N., Nabi, R. L., & Walter, N. (2024) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2024.2310839 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
MacKenzie, M. D., Scott, H., Reid, K., & Gardani, M. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101626 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Roberts, T., Daniels, E. A., Weaver, J. M., & Zanovitch, L. S. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.015 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hall, J. A. (2024) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15275 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of self-monitoring limited social media use on psychological well-being.
Faulhaber, M. E., Lee, J. E., & Gentile, D. A. (2023) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000111 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
How should we investigate variation in the relation between social media and well-being?Preprint
Johannes, N., Masur, P. K., Vuorre, M., & Przybylski, A. (2021) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xahbg · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Distinguishing Person-Specific from Situation-Specific Variation in Media Use: A Meta-Analysis
Schnauber-Stockmann, A., Scharkow, M., Karnowski, V., Naab, T. K., Schlütz, D., & Pressmann, P. (2024) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502241262664 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wadsley, M. G., & Ihssen, N. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293467 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mapping a pluralistic continuum of approaches to digital disconnection
Ross, M. Q., Gilbert, A., Klingelhoefer, J., Matassi, M., Nassen, L.-M., Bruyssel, S. V., Verlinden, A., & Parry, D. A. (2024) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/01634437241228785 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Social media use and systemic inflammation: The moderating role of self-esteem
Lee, D. S., & Way, B. M. (2021) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100300 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“(Coyne et al., 2020; Hall et al., 2019; Heffer et al., 2019; Orben et al., 2019; Stieger and Lewetz, 2018).”
Quitting social media: a qualitative exploration of communication outcomes
Pennington, N. (2020) · Qualitative Research Reports in Communication · doi:10.1080/17459435.2020.1817140 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The effects of social media restriction: Meta-analytic evidence from randomized controlled trials
Burnell, K., Meter, D. J., Andrade, F. C., Slocum, A., & George, M. J. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100459 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ten Myths About the Effect of Social Media Use on Well-Being
Hall, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59585 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationAwad, R., Shamay‐Tsoory, S., & Palgi, Y. (2023) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610223000133 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Social media interventions to improve well-being
Skeggs, A., & Orben, A. C. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02167-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Steele, R. G., Khetawat, D., Christofferson, J. L., & Hall, J. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-10013-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSeekis, V., Mulgrew, K. E., Prichard, I. J., Manning, H., Wood, I., & Stevenson, C. (2025) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101849 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Digital Detox Research: An Analysis of Applied Methods and Implications for Future Studies
Hager, N., Stangl, F. J., & Riedl, R. (2025) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80119-8_23 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Smartphones within Psychological Science
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social Media Use and Well-Being: What we Know and What We Need to KnowPreprint
Valkenburg, P. M. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nxq8j · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Contingency management for smartphone and social media use: a feasibility study
Stanley, T. B., Correia, C. J., & Irons, J. G. (2022) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2022.2038140 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Effect of a 1-Week Abstinence From Instagram on Mental Health in Youth and Young Adults
Schwarz, D., Steinau, K., Kraus, L., & In‐Albon, T. (2022) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000392 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stangl, F. J., & Riedl, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58396-4_10 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Brockmeier, L. C., Keller, J., Dingler, T., Paduszyńska, N., Łuszczyńska, A., & Radtke, T. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108624 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Social media use: Attitudes, “detox,” and craving in typical and frequent users.
Robertson, D. J., Malin, J., Martin, S., Butler, S. H., John, B., Graff, M., Flowers, P., & Jones, B. C. (2023) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000120 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Cognitive Method for Comparing and Elaborating on Technology Frames
Ghobadi, S., & Mathiassen, L. (2023) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12752 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Effect of Deactivating Facebook and Instagram on Users’ Emotional State
Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. A., Wittenbrink, B., Cisneros, J. C., Crespo-Tenorio, A., Dimmery, D., Freelon, D., González‐Bailón, S., Guess, A. M., Kim, Y. M., et al. (2025) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w33697 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Mohamad, E. M. W., Azlan, A. A., & Tan, Y. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15030290 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Digital Detox Scale
Kudubeş, A. A., Özbay, Ö., Beşaltı, M., Özbay, S. Ç., & Sarıkahya, S. D. (2025) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-025-10220-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Reactions to naturalistic smartphone deprivation among psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
Burke, T. A., Domoff, S. E., Croarkin, P. E., Romanowicz, M., Borgen, A. L., Wolff, J. C., & Nesi, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.061 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, C., Chen, L., & Arshad, M. H. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16229712 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring the digital detox journey among generation Y Instagram users
Scheppe, M. M., Seiffen, A. L., & Berndt, A. D. (2025) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-07-2023-0721 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Digitaler Stress und die neuen Praktiken der Grenzziehung
Waldenburger, L., & Wimmer, J. (2024) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-024-00841-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Methodological considerations for social media intervention studies
Abeele, M. V., Murphy, S. L., Lemahieu, L., & Koster, E. H. W. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00474-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Impact of Social Media on the Development of Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Xiao-dan, W., Ma’rof, A. A., Abdullah, H. B., & Tiantian, M. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i18/19970 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liu, Y., & Marciano, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81665-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vendemia, M. A., Goodboy, A. K., Chiasson, R. M., & Dillow, M. R. (2025) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqaf001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Disconnect to Recharge: Well-Being Benefits of Digital Disconnection in Daily Life
Gilbert, A., Klingelhoefer, J., & Meier, A. (2025) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502251387830 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Social Construction of Technology
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationProblematic Social Media Use or Social Media Addiction in Pediatric Populations
Vidal, C., & Sussman, C. (2024) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2024.08.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Personality and Individual Differences
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Leveraging Rational Addiction Theory to Reduce Mobile UsagePreprint
Somasundaram, J., Zimmermann, L., & Duc, P. Q. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3719413 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Faulhaber, M. E. (2023) · doi:10.31274/td-20240617-356 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of Moral Panics in Media Transformation: An Examination of the “Techlash”
Hoffmann, C. P. (2023) · Future of business and finance · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39940-4_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cleaning house or quiet quitting? Large-scale analysis of account deletion behaviour on Tumblr
Sarig, R., Wolff, R., & Toch, E. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2370432 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Díaz-Moreno, A., Bonilla, I., & Lusar, A. C. (2026) · Psychology Society & Education · doi:10.21071/pse.v18i1.18478 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schütz, R., Dadaczynski, K., Rathmann, K., Bilz, L., HBSC Study Group Germany, Anghel, J., Bargholz, K., Böhm, M., Braun, N., Dernbach, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00605-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
We don't know how social media bans will affect youth but we're doing it anyway!
Lind, M. N., Schueller, S. M., & Odgers, C. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Developmental Psychology · doi:10.3389/fdpys.2026.1805989 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A systematic review of state loneliness in daily life using intensive longitudinal methods.
Xiao, Z.-N., Ozdemir, E., Long, E., Kwong, A. S. F., Robertson, S., Murray, A., & Whalley, H. (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102799 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Internet addiction and depression in university students
Lezhnina, L. V., & Yegoshina, Y. D. (2021) · Gercenovskie čteniâ: psihologičeskie issledovaniâ v obrazovanii · doi:10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2021-4-42 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMode Comparison and Coexistence
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationKuchyk, H., Назарчук, О. М., Сіроштан, Т., Yanyshyn, O., & Sternichuk, V. (2023) · Revista Amazonia Investiga · doi:10.34069/ai/2023.64.04.33 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Interaction and Interpersonal Relationships
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bradley, A., Gmiro, Y., Stoakes, A., Meloff, Z., Hasan, S. J., Heaslip, A., & Howard, A. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pehxw · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Theoretical Perspectives on Personal Media and Relationships
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.004
Self-citationThree Ways of Seeing Social Media
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.007
Self-citationSocial Ecology and Personal Media
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.002
Self-citationNiche, Media Displacement, and Multimodal Relationships
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.005
Self-citationFive Enduring Tensions in Personal Media
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.008
Self-citationHall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.011
Self-citationEffetti dell’astinenza dai media in un gruppo di studenti universitari
Stella, R. (2021) · Media Education · doi:10.36253/me-11577
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.008
Hall, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108629935.001
Self-citationEllis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.001
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.004
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.002
Ellis, D. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108671408.009
- Authors
- Hall, J. A., Xing, C., Ross, E. M., & Johnson, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Jeffrey A.
- Venue
- Media Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-11-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 259-275
- ISSN
- 1521-3269 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-785X
- OpenAlex
- W2986891606
- Semantic Scholar
- 32ec22293e00442807bba75eec808354d48af584
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 30
- FWCI
- 29.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Media Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Kansas (GRF# 2177080.)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Digital Media and Philosophy
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- social media use, well-being, loneliness, daily diary, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, causal effects, abstinence duration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
