Anxiety and Quality of Life: Clinically Anxious Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared

van Steensel, Francisca J. A.; Bögels, Susan M.; Dirksen, Carmen D.

doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.698725

Cited by 137Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

Anxiety and Quality of Life: Clinically Anxious Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared

van Steensel, Francisca J. A., Bögels, Susan M., Dirksen, Carmen D.·2012·Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

DOI 10.1080/15374416.2012.698725

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Abstract

Comorbid anxiety disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, studies comparing children with ASD to clinically anxious children are rare. This study investigated anxiety problems and health-related quality of life in children with high-functioning ASD and comorbid anxiety disorders (referred to as the ASD group), compared with children with anxiety disorders (referred to as the AD group). In total, 237 families participated; 115 children were in the ASD group (90 boys and 25 girls, M age = 11.37 years), and 122 children were in the AD group (62 boys and 60 girls, M age = 12.79 years). Anxiety disorders, anxiety symptoms, ASD-like symptoms, and health-related quality of life were assessed with the ADIS-C/P, SCARED-71, CSBQ, and EuroQol-5D, respectively. The number and types of anxiety disorders, as well as their severity, were similar in the ASD and AD groups; however, specific phobias were more common in the ASD group than in the AD group. As compared to the AD group, parents from the ASD group reported their children to have higher scores for total anxiety, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. More ASD-like behaviors and higher anxiety severity predicted a lower quality of life, irrespective of group. The results of this study support a highly similar phenotype of anxiety disorders in children with ASD; however, additional research is needed to examine the etiology and treatment effectiveness of anxiety disorders in children with ASD.

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Left untreated, co-occurring neuropsychiatric conditions can have detrimental and potentially catastrophic impacts on ASD individuals and their families, including decreased quality of life, increased stress, hindered educational and employment opportunities, and increased risk of suicidality.
“Left untreated, these co-occuring conditions can have detrimental and potentially catastrophic impacts on ASD individuals and their families, such as decreased quality of life and increased stress, hindered educational and employment opportunities and increased risk of suicidality [12–21].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Anxiety levels are positively associated with ASD severity.
“Anxiety levels are positively associated with ASD severity [16], and severe anxiety in ASD youth has also been associated with aggression, decreased participation in social activities, and poor social relationships [95].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Anxiety disorders negatively impact quality of life and are an important target for interventions.
“In combination with aspects of the defining clinical characteristics of autism (difficulties in social interaction, communication and repetitive interests and behaviours; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), anxiety disorders negatively impact upon quality of life and are, therefore, an important target for interventions (van Steensel et al., 2012).”
From Examining a model of anxiety in autistic adults (2024) · cites this paper as van Steensel et al., 2012

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Authors: van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & Dirksen, C. D.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
ORCID: Bögels, Susan M.
Dirksen, Carmen D.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-11
Volume: 41
Issue: 6
Pages: 731-738
ISSN: 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
1537-4424
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.698725
OpenAlex: W2160162048
Cited by: 137
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 4.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, health-related quality of life, children, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, anxiety levels
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Quality of Life, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Comorbidity

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Anxiety and Quality of Life: Clinically Anxious Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared

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