Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
There is considerable evidence that children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are at increased risk of anxiety and anxiety disorders. However, it is less clear which of the specific DSM-IV anxiety disorders occur most in this population. The present study used meta-analytic techniques to help clarify this issue. A systematic review of the literature identified 31 studies involving 2,121 young people (aged <18 years) with ASD, and where the presence of anxiety disorder was assessed using standardized questionnaires or diagnostic interviews. Across studies, 39.6% of young people with ASD had at least one comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorder, the most frequent being specific phobia (29.8%) followed by OCD (17.4%) and social anxiety disorder (16.6%). Associations were found between the specific anxiety disorders and ASD subtype, age, IQ, and assessment method (questionnaire versus interview). Implications for the identification and treatment of anxiety in young people with ASD are discussed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Specific phobia (29%), OCD (17.4%), and social anxiety disorder (16.6%) were the three most commonly observed anxiety disorders in ASD youth.
“Specific phobia (29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (17.4%), and social anxiety disorder (16.6%) were the three most commonly observed anxiety disorders in ASD youth [94].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [94]
The Abstract identifies specific phobia, OCD, and social anxiety disorder as the three most frequent anxiety disorders in young people with ASD, and gives 17.4% and 16.6% for the latter two. It reports specific phobia at 29.8%, not the cited 29%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApproximately 20% of children under 6 years and 40% of children ages 6 to 18 years with ASD have one or more anxiety disorders.
“Approximately 20% of children under 6 years and 40% of children ages 6 to 18 years with ASD have one or more anxiety disorders [45, 47].”
From DINOSAUR: an integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety in young children with ASD (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
The Discussion (‘Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Children with ASD’; page unavailable) estimates anxiety or at least one anxiety disorder in nearly 40% of children and adolescents with ASD. It does not give that estimate specifically for ages 6–18 or report a 20% rate for children under 6. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured40%-50% of autistic individuals meet formal criteria for a co-occurring anxiety disorder.
“Although prevalence estimates vary across studies, the current consensus is that 40%–50% of autistic individuals meet formal criteria for a co-occurring anxiety disorder (Buck et al., 2014; Van Steensel et al., 2011)”
From Self-guided mindfulness and cognitive behavioural practices reduce anxiety in autistic adults: A pilot 8-month waitlist-controlled trial of widely available online tools. (2020) · cites this paper as Van Steensel et al., 2011
The Abstract reports that 39.6% of young people under 18 with ASD had at least one comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorder, supporting the approximate 40% figure. But the claim extends this estimate to autistic individuals of all ages, and the Method (Coding) says the analysis also included studies using clinical anxiety cutoffs rather than formal disorder criteria. The Discussion reports a 31.5%–50.0% range for a subset of studies, not a 40%–50% estimate for all autistic individuals. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAnxiety occurs commonly in individuals with ASD, with lifetime estimates as high as 35%.
“Like ADHD, these other diagnoses are now recognized to occur commonly in individuals with ASD, including lifetime estimates for depression as high as 25% (Leyfer et al. 2006) and anxiety as high as 35% (van Steensel et al. 2011).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as van Steensel et al. 2011
The Discussion (Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Children with ASD; page unavailable) says anxiety is common in children and adolescents with ASD, estimating nearly 40% with clinically elevated anxiety or at least one anxiety disorder. It does not identify this as a lifetime estimate of 35%, and its findings concern young people rather than individuals with ASD of all ages. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAccording to a meta-analysis, 39.6% of youth with ASD have at least one co-occurring anxiety disorder based on the DSM-IV criteria.
“According to a meta-analysis, 39.6% of youth with ASD have at least one co-occurring anxiety disorder based on the DSM-IV criteria [71, 94].”
From Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [94]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Publication bias is typically assessed via visual inspection of funnel plots (Munafò et al. 2004), tests of funnel plot asymmetry (Egger et al. 1997), or rank correlation methods (Begg and Mazumdar 1994).”
MethodOperating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Publication bias is typically assessed via visual inspection of funnel plots (Munafò et al. 2004), tests of funnel plot asymmetry (Egger et al. 1997), or rank correlation methods (Begg and Mazumdar 1994).”
Method(2000) · Cited by 9,198 · see citing works
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · cited 1× · see citing works
“To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of anxiety disorders in young people with ASD and the first to evaluate factors influencing the observed heterogeneity for rates of anxiety reported in the literature.”
BackgroundLord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The interrater reliability, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability as well as diagnostic validity of the ADOS-G were found excellent (Lord et al. 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAchenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436 · cited 2× · see citing works
“It is widely known that parents tend to underestimate the frequency of internalizing symptoms in their own children (e.g., Muris et al. 1999; Cosi et al.2010) and that child‐parent agreement for internalizing problems is generally lower compared with the child‐parent agreement of externalizing problems (e.g., Achenbac…”
ResultDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ‐ IV ‐ TR )
Segal, D. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0271 · Cited by 4,683 · see citing works
Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f · Cited by 3,399 · cited 4× · see citing works
“2008) or training interviewers to distinguish anxiety from ASD (Simonoff et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialFixed-and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.486 · Cited by 2,977 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These results should therefore be interpreted with caution as effects found in the fixed effect model only allow for inferences based on the studies included in the meta-analysis and limits the generalizability to other (future) studies (see Hedges and Vevea 1998 for a detailed discussion).”
ResultPublication Bias in Meta‐Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments
(2005) · doi:10.1002/0470870168 · Cited by 2,368 · see citing works
Publication and related bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., Gavaghan, D., & Egger, M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00242-0 · Cited by 2,282 · see citing works
Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders
Leyfer, O. T., Folstein, S. E., Bacalman, S., Davis, N. O., Dinh, E., Morgan, J., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lainhart, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 · Cited by 1,637 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…which is a modified version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS; Ambrosini 2000) and was used in the study of Leyfer et al. (2006) and Mazefsky et al. (2011), and (2) the questionnaires used by Davis et al. (2011), namely the Baby and Infant Screen for…”
BackgroundMethodSHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., DULCAN, M. K., DAVIES, M., PIACENTINI, J., SCHWAB-STONE, M. E., LAHEY, B. B., BOURDON, K., JENSEN, P. S., BIRD, H. R., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00012 · Cited by 1,587 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Other instruments that were used to assess anxiety in children with ASD, and which are also commonly used to assess anxiety (or psychopathology in general) in typically developing children, include the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC; Shaffer et al. 1996), the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders a…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPublication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments
Viechtbauer, W. (2007) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-006-1450-y · Cited by 1,507 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The validity of these methods, however, decreases when the number of studies under investigation is small (Rothstein et al. 1996).”
BackgroundAnxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
White, S. W., Oswald, D., Ollendick, T., & Scahill, L. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 · Cited by 1,427 · see citing works
Zacks, C. M., Abbott, R. L., & Fine, M. (1990) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/00003226-199004000-00002 · Cited by 1,240 · see citing works
The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders
FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Anxiety and Mood Problems among Children with Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Kim, J. A., Szatmári, P., Bryson, S. E., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. (2000) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361300004002002 · Cited by 885 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, there are also studies (Kim et al. 2000; Pearson et al. 2006; Gadow et al. 2004; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008) that found no differences in anxiety levels between ASD subtypes.”
The Developmental Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders: Phenomenology, Prevalence, and Comorbidity
Costello, E. J., EGGER, H. L., & Angold, A. C. (2005) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2005.06.003 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Nauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M., Spence, S. H., & Waters, A. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00200-6 · Cited by 763 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…non-anxiety-disordered children in typically developing populations with good sensitivity and specificity (e.g., Beidel et al. 1996; Nauta et al. 2004; Bodden et al. 2009), and (3) the sample size of the meta-analysis was too small to run analyses separately for interviews and…”
BackgroundStructure of anxiety symptoms among children: A confirmatory factor-analytic study.
Spence, S. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.280 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: A confirmatory factor-analytic study.
Spence, S. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.280 · Cited by 753 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Studies that reported Table 2 Assessment of ASD and anxiety in the selected studies First author (Year) Assessment of anxiety with ASD diagnosis obtained/confirmed by Ando (1979) Maladaptive behavior scale Child psychiatrists Bellini (2004) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) Qualified mental health professio…”
MethodInfluentialAmbrosini, P. J. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200001000-00016 · Cited by 731 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC; Shaffer et al. 1996), the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS; Ambrosini 2000), the Child Behavior CheckList (CBCL; Achenbach 1991), the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence 1997), and the Social Phobia…”
MethodFombonne, E. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.87 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis
Rothstein, H. R., Sutton, A. J., & Borenstein, M. (2005) · Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis · doi:10.1002/0470870168.ch1 · Cited by 603 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The validity of these methods, however, decreases when the number of studies under investigation is small ( Rothstein et al. 1996 ).”
BackgroundLecavalier, L. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0147-5 · Cited by 569 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some studies (Kuusikko et al. 2008; Lecavalier 2006) found older ASD children more likely to report anxiety, while others reported no age differences (Ando and Yoshimura 1979; Pearson et al. 2006; Meyer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; White and RobersonNay 2009).”
BackgroundAnxiety in High-Functioning Children with Autism
Gillott, A., Furniss, F., & Walter, A. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005003005 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: An overview
Matson, J. L., & Nebel-Schwalm, M. S. (2006) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004 · Cited by 538 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…whether or not comorbid symptoms of anxiety may be seen as part of the broader ASD-phenotype, such comorbidity contributes to functional impairment over and above the functional deficits of ASD with important implications for treatment and care of the young person (Matson and Nebel-Schwalm 2007).”
BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V
Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Voncken, M. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20670 · Cited by 526 · cited 1× · see citing works
“DSM-V (APA 2011) attempts to deal with such issues at least with respect to social anxiety disorder; the proposed changes make an additional diagnosis of social anxiety disorder in children with ASD more easy (Bögels et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSukhodolsky, D. G., Scahill, L. D., Gadow, K. D., Arnold, L. E., Aman, M. G., McDougle, C. J., McCracken, J. T., Tierney, E., White, S. W., Lecavalier, L., et al. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9165-9 · Cited by 524 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Some studies (Kuusikko et al. 2008; Lecavalier 2006) found older ASD children more likely to report anxiety, while others reported no age differences (Ando and Yoshimura 1979; Pearson et al. 2006; Meyer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; White and RobersonNay 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSocial Skill Deficits and Anxiety in High-Functioning Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Bellini, S. (2004) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576040190020201 · Cited by 524 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…author (Year) Assessment of anxiety with ASD diagnosis obtained/confirmed by Ando (1979) Maladaptive behavior scale Child psychiatrists Bellini (2004) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) Qualified mental health professionals Bradley (2004) Diagnostic Assessment of the…”
MethodHigh Rates of Psychiatric Co-Morbidity in PDD-NOS
de Bruin, E. I., Ferdinand, R. F., Meester, S., de Nijs, P. F. A., & Verheij, F. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0215-x · Cited by 509 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Indeed anxiety is viewed as sufficiently inherent to ASD that additional diagnoses of certain conditions are required ‘‘to be not better accounted for by the ASD itself’’ (i.e., separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder).”
BackgroundInfluentialA randomised controlled trial of a CBT intervention for anxiety in children with Asperger syndrome
Sofronoff, K., Attwood, T., & Hinton, S. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00411.x · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Correspondence Between Adolescent Report and Parent Report of Psychiatric Diagnostic Data
CANTWELL, D. P., LEWINSOHN, P. M., ROHDE, P., & SEELEY, J. R. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199705000-00011 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Chalfant, A. M., Rapee, R., & Carroll, L. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0318-4 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Repetitive Behavior Profiles in Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism
South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2005) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1992-8 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Dekker, M. C., & Koot, H. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046892.27264.1a · Cited by 400 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…anxiety disorders observed in children with an autistic spectrum disorder are more than two times higher than in typically developing children (Costello et al. 2005), and higher than found in children seeking treatment for ADHD (Gau et al. 2010) and learning difficulties (Dekker and Koot 2003).”
BackgroundResultAnxiety, social deficits, and loneliness in youth with autism spectrum disorders
White, S. W., & Roberson-Nay, R. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0713-8 · Cited by 399 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This finding warrants further investigation as earlier studies point to both positive (Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; Weisbrot et al. 2005; Witwer and Lecavalier 2010) and negative correlations (White and Roberson-Nay 2009) between anxiety and IQ in this population.”
ResultSocial Anxiety in High-functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Kuusikko, S., Pollock, R. A., Jussila, K. K., Carter, A. S., Mattila, M., Ebeling, H. E., Pauls, D. L., & Moilanen, I. K. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0555-9 · Cited by 396 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Some studies (Kuusikko et al. 2008; Lecavalier 2006) found older ASD children more likely to report anxiety, while others reported no age differences (Ando and Yoshimura 1979; Pearson et al. 2006; Meyer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; White and RobersonNay 2009).”
BackgroundMattila, M., Hurtig, T. M., Haapsamo, H., Jussila, K. K., Kuusikko‐Gauffin, S., Kielinen, M., Linna, S., Ebeling, H. E., Bloigu, R., Joskitt, L., et al. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0958-2 · Cited by 392 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, whether or not comorbid symptoms of anxiety may be seen as part of the broader ASD-phenotype, such comorbidity contributes to functional impairment over and above the functional deficits of ASD with important implications for treatment and care of the young person ( Matson and Nebel-Schwalm 2007 ).”
BackgroundGadow, K. D., Devincent, C. J., Pomeroy, J., & Azizian, A. (2005) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361305056079 · Cited by 388 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Also, the sample assessed by Gadow et al. (2004) was included in a later study by the same group but with additional subjects and with different anxiety disorders (Gadow et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodThe development of social anxiety in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.
Bellini, S. (2006) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576060210030201 · Cited by 384 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Finally, a possible distinction is that the interest in engaging in social situations may be different between the two groups ( Bellini 2006 ), whereas individuals with social anxiety disorder generally have an interest in engaging in social situations, this interest could be less in individuals with ASD.”
BackgroundGreen, J., Gilchrist, A., Burton, D., & Cox, A. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005523232106 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Age-Related Differences in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Esbensen, A. J., Seltzer, M. M., Lam, K. S. L., & Bodfish, J. W. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0599-x · Cited by 373 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is some evidence that younger children with ASD have more restricted, repetitive behaviors compared with older children with ASD ( Ebensen et al. 2008 ) and that children with ASD ‘‘improve’’ in the ritualistic/repetitive behavior domain as they grow older (Piven et al. 1996).”
BackgroundComorbid anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders
Muris, P., Steerneman, P., Merckelbach, H., Holdrinet, I., & Meesters, C. (1998) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00022-x · Cited by 368 · see citing works
DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorders in Children: Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics
Last, C. G., Perrin, S. G., Hersen, M., & Kazdin, A. E. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199211000-00012 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationMazefsky, C. A., Kao, J., & Oswald, D. P. (2011) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.006 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Billstedt, E., Carina Gillberg, I., & Gillberg, C. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01774.x · Cited by 309 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In further support, treatment studies revealed that the symptoms of anxiety, and anxiety disorders, in autism can be decreased (e.g., Sofronoff et al. 2005 ;C halfant et al.2007; Reaven et al. 2009), while the core symptoms of autism are found to be rather persistent (e.g. Billstedt et al. 2007 ).”
BackgroundPsychiatric Symptoms in Preschool Children with PDD and Clinic and Comparison Samples
Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., Pomeroy, J., & Azizian, A. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000037415.21458.93 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
&NA; (1990) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199006000-00001 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Bradley, E. A., Summers, J., Wood, H., & Bryson, S. E. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000022606.97580.19 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
The Presentation of Anxiety in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Weisbrot, D. M., Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Pomeroy, J. C. (2005) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.477 · Cited by 283 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Also, the sample assessed by Gadow et al. (2004) was included in a later study by the same group but with additional subjects and with different anxiety disorders (Gadow et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodQuality of Life in Children With Psychiatric Disorders: Self-, Parent, and Clinician Report
Bastiaansen, D., Koot, H. M., Ferdinand, R. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200402000-00019 · Cited by 261 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We know that anxiety disorders in typically developing children significantly interfere with everyday functioning—particularly school attendance (DSM-IV; APA 2001), negatively impact quality of life ( Bastiaansen et al. 2004 ) and are associated with higher health care usage and other social costs (Bodden et al. 2008).”
BackgroundCourse of Behavioral Change in Autism: A Retrospective Study of High-IQ Adolescents and Adults
Piven, J., HARPER, J., Palmer, P. J., & Arndt, S. V. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 · Cited by 250 · cited 4× · see citing works
“compulsive disorder. However, it is worth noting that (1) in the study of Piven et al. (1996) , symptoms in the social and communication domain decreased significantly more over time compared with the symptoms in the ritualistic/repetitive domain; (2) other studies found no association between severity scores of repet…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAnxiety in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
MacNeil, B. M., Lopes, V., & Minnes, P. (2008) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2008.06.001 · Cited by 241 · cited 8× · see citing works
“The few studies that have compared anxiety levels across ASD subtypes suggest that anxiety varies with ASD severity: children with less severe ASD symptoms would endorse more anxiety (MacNeil et al. 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSensory Modulation and Affective Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Asperger’s Disorder
Pfeiffer, B., Kinnealey, M., Reed, C. N., & Herzberg, G. L. (2005) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.59.3.335 · Cited by 238 · cited 1× · see citing works
“the study of Piven et al. (1996), symptoms in the social and communication domain decreased significantly more over time compared with the symptoms in the ritualistic/repetitive domain; (2) other studies found no association between severity scores of repetitive behavior and age (e.”
BackgroundAsperger's Syndrome and Autism: Differences in Behavior, Cognition, and Adaptive Functioning
Szatmári, P., Archer, L. A., Fisman, S., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 · Cited by 222 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As subjects with PDD-NOS are less likely to present with severely restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior (Szatmari et al. 1995; Buitelaar et al. 1999; Starr et al. 2003), the possibility of ‘‘misdiagnosis’’ of obsessive–compulsive disorder in children across the ASD spectrum needs to be considere…”
BackgroundAnxiety and social worries in children with Asperger syndrome
Russell, E., Sofronoff, K., Russell, E., & Sofronoff, K. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01637.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Farrugia, S., & Hudson, J. L. (2006) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/10883576060210010401 · Cited by 209 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In support of such changes are studies that suggest that anxiety disorders experienced by children with ASD are more similar than different in topography as those experienced by typically developing children with anxiety disorders (Russell and Sofronoff 2005; Farrugia and Hudson, 2006).”
Background‘Obsessions' in children with autism or Asperger syndrome
Baron‐Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. J. (1999) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.175.5.484 · Cited by 208 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (1999) compared the obsessions of children with ASD and those with Tourette’s syndrome.”
BackgroundKanne, S. M., Abbacchi, A. M., & Constantino, J. N. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0694-7 · Cited by 203 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As subjects with PDD-NOS are less likely to present with severely restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior (Szatmari et al. 1995; Buitelaar et al. 1999; Starr et al. 2003), the possibility of ‘‘misdiagnosis’’ of obsessive‐compulsive disorder in children across the ASD spectrum needs to be considere…”
BackgroundMethodReaven, J. A., Blakeley‐Smith, A., Nichols, S. L., Dasari, M., Flanigan, E., & Hepburn, S. (2008) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357608327666 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Dekker, M. C., & Koot, H. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046891.27264.c1 · Cited by 189 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…anxiety disorders observed in children with an autistic spectrum disorder are more than two times higher than in typically developing children (Costello et al. 2005), and higher than found in children seeking treatment for ADHD (Gau et al. 2010) and learning difficulties (Dekker and Koot 2003).”
BackgroundSocial attribution processes and comorbid psychiatric symptoms in children with Asperger syndrome
Meyer, J. A., Mundy, P. C., Hecke, A. V. V., & Durocher, J. S. (2006) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361306064435 · Cited by 175 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some studies (Kuusikko et al. 2008; Lecavalier 2006) found older ASD children more likely to report anxiety, while others reported no age differences (Ando and Yoshimura 1979; Pearson et al. 2006; Meyer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; White and Roberson-Nay 2009).”
BackgroundMatson, J. L., Boisjoli, J. A., Hess, J. A., & Wilkins, J. W. (2010) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518420903213576 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Gau, S. S., Ni, H., Shang, C., Soong, W., Wu, Y., Lin, L.-Y., & Chiu, Y. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048670903282733 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Van Brakel, A., & Mayer, A. B. (1999) · Anxiety, Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809908249319 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in individuals with diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Mehtar, M., & Mukaddes, N. M. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.020 · Cited by 140 · cited 2× · see citing works
“De Bruin et al. (2007) found no cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in their sample of 94 children with ASD, while Mehtar and Mukaddes (2011) found 17.4% of 69 children with ASD to be suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.”
BackgroundInfluentialMania in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder Revisited
Wozniak, J. R., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Frazier, J. A., KIM, J., Millstein, R., Gershon, J., Thornell, A., Cha, K., & Snyder, J. B. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(09)66564-3 · Cited by 137 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One study (Wozniak et al. 1997) reported the percentage of participants with two or more anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundBuitelaar, J. K., van der Gaag, R. J., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025966532041 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Beidel, D. C. (1996) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.3.235 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“... and studies that used screening cutoffs of questionnaires was the following: (1) screening for anxiety disorders with questionnaires has predictive value at least in typically developing children (e.g., Simon and Bo ¨gels 2009), (2) questionnaires seem to have the ability to discriminate between anxiety-disordered…”
BackgroundMedicaid Expenditures for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: 1994 to 1999
Mandell, D. S., Cao, J., Ittenbach, R. F., & Pinto‐Martin, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0088-z · Cited by 123 · cited 2× · see citing works
“For example, Mandell et al. (2006) found that children with ASD had health care expenditures ten times higher than those without ASD.”
BackgroundAnxiety symptoms across the lifespan in people diagnosed with Autistic Disorder
Davis, T. E., Hess, J. A., Moree, B. N., Fodstad, J. C., Dempsey, T., Jenkins, W. S., & Matson, J. L. (2011) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.006 · Cited by 119 · cited 3× · see citing works
“To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of anxiety disorders in young people with ASD and the first to evaluate factors influencing the observed heterogeneity for rates of anxiety reported in the literature.”
BackgroundMethodThe diagnostic utility of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 (SCARED-71)
Bodden, D. H. M., Bögels, S. M., & Muris, P. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.015 · Cited by 117 · cited 2× · see citing works
“To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of anxiety disorders in young people with ASD and the first to evaluate factors influencing the observed heterogeneity for rates of anxiety reported in the literature.”
BackgroundSelf-citationValidity of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Youngsters with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Witwer, A. N., & Lecavalier, L. (2010) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-010-9194-0 · Cited by 108 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This finding warrants further investigation as earlier studies point to both positive (Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; Weisbrot et al. 2005; Witwer and Lecavalier 2010) and negative correlations (White and Roberson-Nay 2009) between anxiety and IQ in this population.”
ResultObsessive–compulsive traits in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome
Ruta, L., Mugno, D., D’Arrigo, V. G., Vitiello, B., & Mazzone, L. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0035-6 · Cited by 105 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Indeed, Ruta and colleagues (Ruta et al. 2010) found different patterns of symptoms between the children with Asperger’s syndrome and children with OCD.”
BackgroundPearson, D. A., Loveland, K. A., Lachar, D., Lane, D. M., Reddoch, S., Mansour, R., & Cleveland, L. A. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040600646847 · Cited by 99 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some studies (Kuusikko et al. 2008; Lecavalier 2006) found older ASD children more likely to report anxiety, while others reported no age differences (Ando and Yoshimura 1979; Pearson et al. 2006; Meyer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky et al. 2008; White and RobersonNay 2009).”
BackgroundMukaddes, N. M., Hergüner, S., & Tanidir, C. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2010.507785 · Cited by 96 · cited 1× · see citing works
“After contacting the author, data from one presentation abstract (Herguner and Motavalli 2009) were found to display considerable overlap with the data from the published article of Mukaddes et al. (2010), and this abstract was therefore excluded.”
MethodAnxiety and Depression in Children with HFASDs: Symptom Levels and Source Differences
Lopata, C. J., Toomey, J. A., Fox, J. D., Volker, M. A., Chow, S. Y., Thomeer, M. L., Lee, G. K., Rodgers, J. D., McDonald, C. A., & Smerbeck, A. M. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9406-1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Starr, E. M., Szatmári, P., Bryson, S. E., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022222202970 · Cited by 94 · cited 3× · see citing works
“As subjects with PDD-NOS are less likely to present with severely restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior (Szatmari et al. 1995; Buitelaar et al. 1999; Starr et al. 2003), the possibility of ‘‘misdiagnosis’’ of obsessive–compulsive disorder in children across the ASD spectrum needs to be considere…”
BackgroundParent–child agreement in SCARED and its relationship to anxiety symptoms
Cosí, S., Canals, J., Hernández‐Martínez, C., & Vigil‐Colet, A. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.09.008 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Assessing publication bias in genetic association studies: evidence from a recent meta-analysis.
Munafò, M., Clark, T., & Flint, J. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.011 · Cited by 77 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Publication bias is typically assessed via visual inspection of funnel plots (Munafò et al. 2004), tests of funnel plot asymmetry (Egger et al. 1997), or rank correlation methods (Begg and Mazumdar 1994).”
MethodThede, L. L., & Coolidge, F. L. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0212-0 · Cited by 75 · cited 2× · see citing works
“When the standardized Z score falls outside the confidence interval bounded by -3.3 and ?3.3, then the observation is possibly an outlier ( Tabachnick and Fidell 2001 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialHigh rates of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with Asperger's disorder
Mukaddes, N. M., & Fateh, R. (2009) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970902789130 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Empirical evaluation of DSM-IV geralized anxiety disorder criteria in children and adolescents
Tracey, S. A., Chorpita, B. F., Douban, J., & Barlow, D. H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2604_9 · Cited by 69 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…disorders (generally) increase with age (Ford et al.2003); (2) rates of generalized anxiety disorder (specifically) increase with age (Frala et al. 2010; Tracey et al. 1997); and (3) rates of separation anxiety disorder are associated with a lower mean age (Kearney et al. 2003; Last et al. 1992).”
BackgroundHigh rates of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with Asperger's disorder
Mukaddes, N. M., & Fateh, R. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622970902789130 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Separation Anxiety Disorder in Young Children: A Longitudinal and Family Analysis
Kearney, C. A., Sims, K. E., Pursell, C. R., & Tillotson, C. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3204_12 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Screening for anxiety disorders in children
Simon, E., & Bögels, S. M. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0023-x · Cited by 64 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…following: (1) screening for anxiety disorders with questionnaires has predictive value at least in typically developing children (e.g., Simon and Bögels 2009), (2) questionnaires seem to have the ability to discriminate between anxiety-disordered and non-anxiety-disordered children in…”
BackgroundSelf-citationA follow-up study of infantile autism in Hong Kong
Chung, S. Y., Luk, S. L., & Lee, P. W. H. (1990) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02284720 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ando, H., & Yoshimura, I. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531295 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The extent of social anxiety in combination with mental disorders
Melfsen, S., Walitza, S., & Warnke, A. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0510-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Family CBT Versus Individual CBT in Clinically Anxious Children
Bodden, D. H. M., Dirksen, C. D., Bögels, S. M., Nauta, M. H., de Haan, E., Ringrose, J., Appelboom, C., Brinkman, A. G., & Appelboom-Geerts, K. C. M. M. J. (2008) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104508090602 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…disorders in typically developing children significantly interfere with everyday functioning—particularly school attendance (DSM-IV; APA 2001), negatively impact quality of life (Bastiaansen et al. 2004) and are associated with higher health care usage and other social costs (Bodden et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIs social anxiety disorder in childhood associated with developmental deficit/delay?
Kristensen, H., & Torgersen, S. (2008) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0642-z · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In partial support, Kristensen and Torgersen (2008) found that in a population-based screening sample of typically developing children, those diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, as compared to those having other disorders or no disorders, verbal IQ was more reduced.”
BackgroundBailey, A. J. (2011) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.233 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Frala, J. L., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Blumenthal, H., & Barreto, C. C. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9365-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Demb, H. B., & WEINTRAUB, A. G. (1989) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-198912000-00002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Goldman, M. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60218-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neira, E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abstracts for the AACN Scientific Poster Session
Barbieri, E. M., Aggujaro, S., Molteni, F., & Luzzatti, C. (2010) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2010.484242 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with High Functioning Autism
Hergüner, S., & Motavalli, N. (2009) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71028-4 · Cited by 2 · cited 1× · see citing works
“After contacting the author, data from one presentation abstract (Herguner and Motavalli 2009) were found to display considerable overlap with the data from the published article of Mukaddes et al. (2010), and this abstract was therefore excluded.”
MethodKasper, S. F. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622971003600551 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 104 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hollocks, M. J., Lerh, J. W., Magiati, I., Meiser-Stedman, R., & Brugha, T. S. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002283 · Cited by 988 · see citing works
“Consistent with estimates from childhood (van Steensel et al ., 2011), we found that specific anxiety disorders, particularly social phobia and OCD, were more commonly present in adults with ASD.”
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub4 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy
Sharma, S., Gonda, X., & Tarazi, F. I. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Hossain, M. M., Khan, N., Sultana, A., Ma, P., McKyer, E. L. J., Ahmed, H. U., & Purohit, N. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112922 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Hudson, C. C., Hall, L., & Harkness, K. L. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0402-1 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Traditional and atypical presentations of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder
Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Berry, L., Souders, M. C., Franklin, M. E., Schultz, R. T., Miller, J., & Herrington, J. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2141-7 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: The transdiagnostic revolution in neurodevelopmental disorders
Astle, D. E., Holmes, J., Kievit, R., & Gathercole, S. E. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13481 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Wigham, S., Rodgers, J., South, M., McConachie, H., & Freeston, M. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2248-x · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Selimbeyoglu, A., Kim, C. K., Inoue, M., Lee, S. Y., Hong, A. S. O., Kauvar, I., Ramakrishnan, C., Fenno, L. E., Davidson, T. J., Wright, M., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6733 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., Reardon, T., Soler, A., James, G., & Creswell, C. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013162.pub2 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorder
Rosen, T. E., Mazefsky, C. A., Vasa, R. A., & Lerner, M. D. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1450229 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Traumatic Childhood Events and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kerns, C. M., Newschaffer, C. J., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2392-y · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Altered brain-gut axis in autism: comorbidity or causative mechanisms
Mayer, E. A., Padua, D., & Tillisch, K. (2014) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201400075 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Anxiety and Repetitive Behaviours in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Rodgers, J., Glod, M., Connolly, B., & McConachie, H. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1531-y · Cited by 296 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis suggested 40 % of young people with ASD meet criteria for an anxiety disorder (Van Steensel and Bogels 2011).”
BackgroundDevelopment of the anxiety scale for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASC‐ASD)
Rodgers, J., Wigham, S., McConachie, H., Freeston, M., Honey, E., & Parr, J. R. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1603 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Cross talk: the microbiota and neurodevelopmental disorders
Kelly, J. R., Minuto, C., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G., & Dinan, T. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00490 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Lidstone, J., Uljarević, M., Sullivan, J., Rodgers, J., McConachie, H., Freeston, M., Le Couteur, A., Prior, M., & Leekam, S. (2014) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.10.001 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
White, S. W., Mazefsky, C. A., Dichter, G. S., Chiu, P. H., Richey, J. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2014) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
“Among psychiatric comorbidities seen in ASD, anxiety disorders are the most common (de Bruin et al., 2007; Joshi et al., 2010; White et al., 2009), affecting about 40% of children and adolescents with ASD (van Steensel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundLugo-Marín, J., Magán-Maganto, M., Rivero-Santana, A., Cuellar-Pompa, L., Alviani, M., Jenaro-Rio, C., Díez, E., & Canal-Bedia, R. (2019) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.12.004 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Anxiety Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
van Steensel, F. J. A., & Heeman, E. J. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0687-7 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“That is, some studies found a positive association between IQ and anxiety (e.g., Gadow et al. 2005; Eussen et al. 2013), while others point to a negative association (e.g., White and Roberson-Nay 2009) or suggest a quadratic instead of a linear relation (van Steensel et al. 2011).”
InfluentialComorbid Social Anxiety Disorder in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Maddox, B. B., & White, S. W. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2531-5 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Ung, D., Selles, R., Small, B. J., & Storch, E. A. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0494-y · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“, attention difficulties, oppositional behaviors) [2, 5, 6, 15].”
Atopic diseases and inflammation of the brain in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders
Theoharides, T. C., Tsilioni, I., Patel, A., & Doyle, R. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.77 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Lord, C., & Bishop, S. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112745 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“Like ADHD, these other diagnoses are now recognized to occur commonly in individuals with ASD, including lifetime estimates for depression as high as 25% (Leyfer et al. 2006) and anxiety as high as 35% (van Steensel et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMeier, S. M., Trontti, K., Purves, K. L., Als, T. D., Grove, J., Laine, M., Pedersen, M. G., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Bækved-Hansen, M., Sokolowska, E., et al. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1119 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Autism Spectrum: Behavioral, Psychiatric and Genetic Associations
Genovese, A., & Butler, M. G. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14030677 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Zickgraf, H., Franklin, M. E., Miller, J., & Herrington, J. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.03.005 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): clinical characterisation
Charman, T., Loth, E., Tillmann, J., Crawley, D., Wooldridge, C., Goyard, D., Ahmad, J., Auyeung, B., Ambrosino, S., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0145-9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“Parent-report and self-report of co-occurring psychiatric symptoms were weakly negatively correlated with IQ, consistent with some previous studies [38, 45].”
Barker, M. M., Beresford, B., Bland, M., & Fraser, L. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1712 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
(2014) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Jenkinson, R., Milne, E., & Thompson, A. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320932437 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“…on prevalence of co-occurring anxiety disorder in children and in adults identified that 40% of children with ASD had at least one comorbid anxiety disorder (van Steensel et al., 2011), and reported a lifetime prevalence of an anxiety disorder in 42% of autistic adults (Hollocks et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMechanisms of Diminished Attention to Eyes in Autism
Moriuchi, J. M., Klin, A., & JONES, W. R. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091222 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Exploring the Manifestations of Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hallett, V., Lecavalier, L., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Cipriano, N., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., McDougle, C. J., Tierney, E., King, B. H., Hollander, E., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1775-1 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Postorino, V., Kerns, C. M., Vivanti, G., Bradshaw, J., Siracusano, M., & Mazzone, L. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0846-y · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“Measurement and assessment of anxiety disorders and OCD in autism can be complicated by the social impairments characteristic of ASD, such as deficits in communication, insight, ability to recognize emotions, or a co-occurring intellectual disability [5, 8•, 9•, 39•]. A high proportion of individuals with ASD present…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMazzone, L., Postorino, V., Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., & Curatolo, P. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7050102 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“6% of young people with ASD had clinically elevated levels of anxiety or at least one anxiety disorder [84].”
BackgroundAdams, D., & Young, K. (2021) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-020-00226-7 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A summary and overview of the literature
Rapee, R. M., Creswell, C., Kendall, P. C., Pine, D. S., & Waters, A. M. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104376 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Suicide in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Trends and Implications
Hedley, D., & Uljarević, M. (2018) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-018-0133-6 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & de Bruin, E. I. (2012) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9587-z · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“This may partly be due to overlap between the core symptoms of ASD and symptoms of anxiety, particular in the case of obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder [see for example Wood and Gadow (2010) and van Steensel et al. (2011) for some discussion about this issue].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMeasuring Anxiety as a Treatment Endpoint in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Lecavalier, L., Wood, J. J., Halladay, A. K., Jones, N. E., Aman, M. G., Cook, E. H., Handen, B. L., King, B. H., Pearson, D. A., Hallett, V., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1974-9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“By contrast, specific fears, alterations in arousal, social anxiety, and separation anxiety are more common and deserve comprehensive coverage (White et al. 2009; van Steensel et al. 2011; Kerns and Kendall 2012).”
InfluentialTranslational Mouse Models of Autism: Advancing Toward Pharmacological Therapeutics
Kazdoba, T. M., Leach, P. T., Yang, M., Silverman, J. L., Solomon, M., & Crawley, J. N. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_5003 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Specific phobias were the most common anxiety disorder, occurring in approximately 30 % of autistic individuals, while obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder/agoraphobia occurred in 17 % of autistic individuals (van Steensel et al. 2011).”
BackgroundKerns, C. M., Renno, P., Kendall, P. C., Wood, J. J., & Storch, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1233501 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Treatments for Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Vasa, R. A., Carroll, L. M., Nozzolillo, A. A., Mahajan, R., Mazurek, M. O., Bennett, A. E., Wink, L. K., & Bernal, M. P. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2184-9 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Mental health problems in children with intellectual disability
Totsika, V., Liew, A., Absoud, M., Adnams, C. M., & Emerson, E. (2022) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00067-0 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Baweja, R. K., Brown, S. L., Edwards, E. M., & Murray, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04950-9 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Anxiety and Depression from Adolescence to Old Age in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Uljarević, M., Hedley, D., Foley, K., Magiati, I., Cai, R. Y., Dissanayake, C., Richdale, A. L., & Trollor, J. N. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04084-z · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kerns, C. M., Winder-Patel, B., Iosif, A. M., Nordahl, C. W., Heath, B., Solomon, M., & Amaral, D. G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1703712 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“Several reviews have noted that studies using questionnaires tend to yield lower estimates of anxiety in ASD than those using interviews, though this again may vary based on the form of anxiety being measured (Kerns & Kendall, 2012; van Steensel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStorch, E. A., Sulkowski, M. L., Nadeau, J., Lewin, A. B., Arnold, E. B., Mutch, P. J., Jones, A. M., & Murphy, T. K. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1795-x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Jiujias, M., Kelley, E. A., & Hall, L. (2017) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-017-0717-0 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“Anxiety is estimated to exist in 30–81% of individuals diagnosed with ASD [69], with approximately 40% of children with ASD meeting the DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder [70, 71].”
Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Disorders: A Brief Review
Zaboski, B. A., & Storch, E. A. (2018) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl-2017-0030 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Hollocks, M. J., Jones, C. R. G., Pickles, A., Baird, G., Happé, F., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. (2014) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1361 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Perihan, C., Burke, M., Bowman-Perrott, L., Bicer, A., Gallup, J., Thompson, J., & Sallese, M. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-03949-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The BTBR T+tf/J mouse model for autism spectrum disorders–in search of biomarkers
Meyza, K. Z., Defensor, E. B., Jensen, A. L., Corley, M. J., Pearson, B. L., Pobbe, R. L. H., Bolivar, V. J., Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.021 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Cox, B. E., Thompson, K. L., Anderson, A. M., Mintz, A., Locks, T., Morgan, L., Edelstein, J. A., & Wolz, A. (2017) · Journal of college student development · doi:10.1353/csd.2017.0004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Development of the Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale for Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scahill, L. D., Lecavalier, L., Schultz, R. T., Evans, A. N., Maddox, B. B., Pritchett, J., Herrington, J. D., Gillespie, S. E., Miller, J. S., Amoss, R. T., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.10.016 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Storch, E. A., Lewin, A. B., Collier, A. B., Arnold, E. B., Nadai, A. S. D., Dane, B. F., Nadeau, J. M., Mutch, P. J., & Murphy, T. K. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22332 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“communication, and cognitive impairment,[2] anxiety disorders are commonly comorbid[3, 4] and confer significant disability above and beyond the ASD diagnosis.”
BackgroundTaj-Eldin, M., Ryan, C., O’Flynn, B., & Galvin, P. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18124271 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Children and adolescents with ASD experience high levels of anxiety disorders with an estimate prevalence rate of 40% [28].”
BackgroundFunctional autonomic nervous system profile in children with autism spectrum disorder
Kushki, A., Brian, J., Dupuis, A., & Anagnostou, E. (2014) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-5-39 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“This is supported by the high prevalence of co-morbid anxiety in ASD [27], the genetic, neurobiological, and pheonotypical overlap between the two disorders [28-31], and the findings of physiological hyperarousal in anxiety disorders [32-34].”
BackgroundO'Nions, E. J. P., Happé, F., Evers, K., Boonen, H., & Noens, I. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3361-4 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Hwang, Y. I. (., Arnold, S., Srasuebkul, P., & Trollor, J. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319868907 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Jones, E. K., Hanley, M., & Riby, D. M. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101515 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
An update on anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders
Vasa, R. A., & Mazurek, M. O. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000133 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Anxiety disorders and symptoms are common cooccurring conditions in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) [1].”
BackgroundMethodGeneral developmental health in the VPA-rat model of autism
Favre, M., Barkat, T. R., Mendola, D. L., Khazen, G., Markram, H., & Markram, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00088 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“…Stanton et al., 2007; Markram et al., 2008; Bambini-Junior et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012) and commonly found in the autistic spectrum (McAlonan et al., 2002; Gaigg and Bowler, 2007; Perry et al., 2007; Hofvander et al., 2009; MacNeil et al., 2009; van Steensel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPreschool Anxiety Disorders in Pediatric Primary Care: Prevalence and Comorbidity
Franz, L., Angold, A. C., Copeland, W., Costello, E. J., Towe‐Goodman, N. R., & EGGER, H. L. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.008 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“is considerable evidence that children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders are at increased risk for anxiety disorders.(31) We also acknowledge that”
van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & Dirksen, C. D. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.698725 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis estimated that anxiety disorders occur in approximately 40% of youth with ASD (van Steensel, Bogels, & Perrin, 2011 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersico, A. M., Ricciardello, A., Lamberti, M., Turriziani, L., Cucinotta, F., Brogna, C., Vitiello, B., & Arango, C. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110326 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Mutluer, T., Genç, H. A., Morey, A. Ö., Eser, H. Y., Ertinmaz, B., CAN, M., & Münir, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856208 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Hollocks, M. J., Howlin, P., Papadopoulos, A. S., Khondoker, M. R., & Simonoff, E. A. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.004 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Al-Amin, M. M., Rahman, M., Khan, F. R., Zaman, F., & Reza, H. M. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.041 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zheng, Z., Zhang, L., Li, S., Zhao, F., Wang, Y., Huang, L., Huang, J., Zou, R., Qu, Y., & Mu, D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12003-4 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Motor Skill Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Clinically Focused Review
Zampella, C., Wang, L. A. L., Haley, M., Hutchinson, A. G., & de Marchena, A. B. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01280-6 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Oakley, B. F., Tillmann, J., Ahmad, J., Crawley, D., San José Cáceres, A., Holt, R., Charman, T., Banaschewski, T., Buitelaar, J., Simonoff, E., et al. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320959959 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Indeed, there are several diagnostic challenges to identifying cooccurring mental health/neurodevelopmental symptoms, meaning some individuals never receive a formal diagnosis and therefore remain underrepresented in such research (Hollocks et al., 2019; White et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAnxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study
Nimmo‐Smith, V., Heuvelman, H., Dalman, C., Lundberg, M., Nordström, S. I., Carpenter, P. K., Magnusson, C., & Rai, D. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04234-3 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“2009; Vasa and Mazurek 2015) less is known about the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations.”
Background“Am I Doing Enough?” Special Educators’ Experiences with Emergency Remote Teaching in Spring 2020
Schuck, R. K., & Lambert, R. (2020) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci10110320 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Avni, E., Ben‐Itzchak, E., & Zachor, D. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00717 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Abramovitch, A., Dar, R., Mittelman, A., & Wilhelm, S. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000050 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Vasa, R. A., Mazurek, M. O., Mahajan, R., Bennett, A. E., Bernal, M. P., Nozzolillo, A. A., Arnold, L. E., & Coury, D. L. (2016) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2851j · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Cannabidiol as a suggested candidate for treatment of autism spectrum disorder
Poleg, S., Golubchik, P., Offen, D., & Weizman, A. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.030 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Many ASD patients suffer from anxiety disorders that harm their quality of life (Gu, 2017; Haan et al., 2008; Perrin, 2011).”
BackgroundHogeveen, J., & Grafman, J. H. (2021) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00004-9 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Corbett, B., Muscatello, R. A., Klemenčić, M., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2521 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Children and adolescents with ASD experience significant stress in response to various social and non-social situations (e.g., Corbett et al., 2012; Corbett et al., 2010; Muscatello & Corbett, 2018), and anxiety is common (Simonoff et al., 2008; van Steensel et al., 2011; White et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRomero, M., Aguilar, J. M., Del-Rey-Mejías, Á., Mayoral, F., Rapado, M., Peciña, M., Barbancho, M. Á., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., & Lara, J. P. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.03.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Even without a clinical diagnosis, the results found that 31.7% of patients had severe problems with anxiety, congruent with the review of van Steensel, Bogels, and Perrin (2011), in which a percentage of 40% was found.”
InfluentialSaqr, Y., Braun, E., Porter, K., Barnette, D., & Hanks, C. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361317709970 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“For example, past studies show that the prevalence of at least one anxiety disorder among patients with ASD was 39.6% (Van Steensel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialMast cells, brain inflammation and autism
Theoharides, T. C., Stewart, J. M., Panagiotidou, S., & Melamed, I. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.086 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Interactive Technologies for Autism
Kientz, J. A., Goodwin, M. S., Hayes, G. R., & Abowd, G. D. (2013) · Synthesis lectures on assistive, rehabilitative, and health-preserving technologies · doi:10.2200/s00533ed1v01y201309arh004 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Baribeau, D. A., Vigod, S. N., Pullenayegum, E., Kerns, C. M., Mirenda, P., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.478 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Anxiety in Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examination of Factorial Equivalence
White, S. W., Lerner, M. D., McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., Ginsburg, G. S., Kerns, C. M., Ollendick, T. H., Kendall, P. C., Piacentini, J. C., Walkup, J. T., et al. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.005 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Longitudinal and Offspring Risk
Meier, S. M., Petersen, L. V., Schendel, D., Mattheisen, M., Mortensen, P. B., & Mors, O. N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141703 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“A recent systematic review revealed that approximately 40% of patients with autism spectrum disorders are assigned at least one comorbid diagnosis of anxiety, the most frequent being specific phobia (30%) followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; 17%) [7].”
BackgroundRoberts, J., & Webster, A. A. (2020) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2020.1712622 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“…indicates that students with autism are not obtaining the support they need and often fail to successfully participate and achieve, both in school (MacNeil, Lopes, and Minnes 2009; van Steensel, Bögels, and Perrin 2011; White et al. 2009) and postschool environments (Burgess and Cimera 2014).”
BackgroundOzsivadjian, A., Hibberd, C., & Hollocks, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1937-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“It is now well known that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high levels of co-occurring psychiatric problems, particularly emotional disorders (Simonoff et al. 2008; Van Steensel et al. 2011).”
Trauma and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review, Proposed Treatment Adaptations and Future Directions
Peterson, J. L., Earl, R. K., Fox, E. A., Ma, R., Haidar, G., Pepper, M., Berliner, L., Wallace, A. S., & Bernier, R. (2019) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-019-00253-5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sharma, S., Hucker, A., Matthews, T., Grohmann, D., & Laws, K. R. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00658-8 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“[3] reported a pooled prevalence of 39.”
Bossenbroek, R., Wols, A., Weerdmeester, J., Lichtwarck‐Aschoff, A., Granic, I., & van Rooij, M. M. J. W. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16066 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“In addition, 27% to 32% of the Dutch heterogeneous special school population exhibits clinical levels of anxiety [2], indicated by high comorbidity rates between anxiety and ASD (40%) [3] and ADHD (25%) [4].”
BackgroundBernardin, C. J., Lewis, T., Bell, D., & Kanne, S. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361321997284 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“For example, studies have found that autistic adolescents report higher levels of anxiety and depression than non-autistic adolescents (Keith et al., 2019; Mertens et al., 2017; Rynkiewicz & Łucka, 2015; van Steensel et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultMcVey, A. J., Dolan, B. K., Willar, K. S., Pleiss, S. S., Karst, J. S., Casnar, C. L., Caiozzo, C. N., Vogt, E. M., Gordon, N. S., & Hecke, A. V. V. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2911-5 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“White and Roberson-Nay (2009) found that children and adolescents with ASD who demonstrated higher levels of loneliness also showed higher levels of anxiety, via self- and parent-report 1 3 in community and clinic-referred samples (van Steensel et al. 2011; White et al. 2009).”
Are ASD and ADHD a Continuum? A Comparison of Pathophysiological Similarities Between the Disorders
Kern, J. K., Geier, D. A., Sykes, L. K., Geier, M. R., & Deth, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712459886 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Sleep disturbance is considered common in ASD (Guénolé et al., 2011), and van Steensel, Bögels, and Perrin (2011) found that, across studies, 39.6% of young people with ASD had at least one comorbid DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder.”
BackgroundInfluentialRDoC-based categorization of amygdala functions and its implications in autism
Hennessey, T., Andari, E., & Rainnie, D. G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“2), there are substantial serotonin (5-HT) inputs to the BLA from the dorsal raphe which are sensitive to the presence of stressors (Vertes, 1991).”
Cai, R. Y., Richdale, A. L., Dissanayake, C., & Uljarević, M. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3318-7 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Kret, M. E., & Ploeger, A. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.011 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
May, T., Cornish, K. M., Conduit, R., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Rinehart, N. (2013) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.829064 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Given particularly high levels of anxiety are already present in ASD (Van Steensel et al., 2011), knowledge that a child is experiencing sleep disturbance may be an important alert for clinicians to consider anxiety interventions.”
BackgroundGobbo, K., & Shmulsky, S. (2014) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357613504989 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
- Authors
- van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & Perrin, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2011-07-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 302-317
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- PMC
- PMC3162631
- OpenAlex
- W2138006810
- Cited by
- 1,463
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 94 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, children and adolescents, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, ASD subtypes, IQ
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Humans, Intelligence, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Databases, Bibliographic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
