Mapping Real-World to Online Vulnerability in Young People with Developmental Disorders: Illustrations from Autism and Williams Syndrome
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Victims with Williams Syndrome faced circumstances involving receiving gifts.
“Victims with Williams Syndrome [17], on the other hand, faced circumstances involving receiving gifts [23].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
The Williams Syndrome section (page unavailable) describes people with Williams syndrome as highly vulnerable offline, supporting the general vulnerability context. It does not report victims facing circumstances involving receiving gifts; searches for “gifts” and for presents offered by strangers found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSpecific disabilities mentioned include autism spectrum disorder, Williams Syndrome, intellectual disabilities, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and physical disabilities including deafness, and chronic health problems.
“Specific disabilities are mentioned, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [17,26,27], Williams Syndrome [17,26], intellectual disabilities [22,26,27], 22q11 deletion syndrome (which involves developmental delays and may face mild intellectual disability or learning disabilities) [26], and physical disabilities [23,25] including deafness [18], and chronic health problems [25].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
The paper’s ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome’ section discusses ASD and Williams syndrome, and its ‘Williams Syndrome’ section describes intellectual impairment. Those sections do not mention 22q11 deletion syndrome or the developmental and learning difficulties attributed to it; a search for 22q11 found no matching passage. The sentence assigns physical disabilities, deafness and chronic health problems to other citations, not this paper. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn terms of relationship to the victim, perpetrators included family members, educators, religious individuals, peers, neighbors, trusted individuals, and people met online as groomers and cyber-bullies.
“In terms of the relationship to the victim, perpetrators included family members [23,24], educators [23,24], religious individuals [23,24], peers [23,24], neighbors [23,24], trusted individuals [23,24], and people met online as groomers [4,17,25] and cyber-bullies [13,26].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
One review found that across the included studies, age exhibited a positive association with the online risk of children and adolescents with autism and Williams syndrome.
“One review found that across the included studies, age exhibited a positive association with the online risk of children and adolescents with autism and Williams syndrome [17].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
The Introduction and Discussion discuss possible online vulnerability in young people with autism and Williams syndrome, but do not report an age–risk association across studies. Searches for age, older children, and increasing online risk found no passage establishing the claimed positive association; the indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Lough, E., Flynn, E., & Riby, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Durham University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lough, Emma
- Venue
- Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2014-07-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 2195-7177 (ISSN-L)
- 2195-7185
- OpenAlex
- W1977999713
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- online vulnerability, autism spectrum disorder, Williams syndrome, developmental disorders, online risks, social phenotype, interpersonal relationships, online social interaction, social behavior
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