Effects of mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, and self-rated athletic performance in a multiple-sport population: An RCT study.
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The aim of the study was to examine mediating effects of emotion regulation and sport-specific dispositional mindfulness on self-rated athletic training performance, following the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention, compared to a Psychological Skills Training (PST) control group. Sixty-nine competitive elite athletes who did not have any prior experience with mindfulness- and acceptance-based exercises, were recruited and randomly assigned into either a MAC group or a traditional PST group. Latent growth curve analyses were performed to examine longitudinal relationships among the study variables. Mediation analyses were conducted to test if the growth trajectory of each of the proposed mediators mediated the relationship between the intervention and perceived performance (measured at T3). Findings showed that the MAC intervention had an indirect effect on self-rated athletic training performance through changes in dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation respectively. Further, the MAC- group obtained greater post-test improvements in athletic mindfulness, emotion regulation abilities, and perceived performance compared to the PST group. Overall, findings suggest that dispositional athletic mindfulness and emotion regulation may function as important mechanisms in MAC, and that the MAC approach is a more effective intervention compared to the PST condition in reducing emotion regulation difficulties, as well as enhancing sport-relevant mindfulness skills and perceived athletic training performance in elite sport.
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ACT is efficacious in non-clinical settings for enhancing athletic performance, improving workplace performance, lessening procrastination in college students, and smoking cessation.
“It is also efficacious when used in non-clinical settings, to help enhance athletic performance (Lutkenhouse et al., unpublished; Gross et al., 2016; Josefsson et al., 2019), to improve workplace performance (Bond and Bunce, 2003; Bond and Flaxman, 2006; Bond et al., 2016), to lessen procrastination in college students”
From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Josefsson et al., 2019
The Linear Regression Analysis reports higher self-rated training performance in the MAC group than in the psychological-skills-training group. But the Measures and Limitations sections say the study assessed only perceived training performance, not competition or objective athletic performance. The cited intervention was MAC, which the paper describes as based on ACT principles, rather than ACT itself. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAcceptance appeared to be a central underlying mechanism to guarantee MABI's beneficial effects on sport performance-related outcomes.
“As such, acceptance appeared to be a central underlying mechanism to guarantee MABI's beneficial effects on sport performance-related outcomes (Josefsson, Ivarsson, et al., 2019).”
From Integrated mindfulness-based intervention: Effects on mindfulness skills, cognitive interference and performance satisfaction of young elite badminton players. (2020) · cites this paper as Josefsson, Ivarsson, et al., 2019
The paper's discussion of potential mechanisms identifies improved acceptance skills alongside awareness and attentional control, so it supports acceptance as a possible contributor. Its Mediation Analyses report indirect effects through dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation, not acceptance alone. The claim that acceptance is central and would guarantee beneficial performance effects overstates these findings. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncreasing mindful acceptance of performance worries and other affective performance related-thoughts may help athletes to cope more effectively with unwanted thoughts often triggered by performance situations.
“Increasing mindful acceptance of performance worries and other affective performance related-thoughts may help athletes to cope more effectively with unwanted thoughts often triggered by performance situations (Josefsson, Ivarsson, et al., 2019).”
From Integrated mindfulness-based intervention: Effects on mindfulness skills, cognitive interference and performance satisfaction of young elite badminton players. (2020) · cites this paper as Josefsson, Ivarsson, et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., Tornberg, R., & Böröy, J.
- Affiliations
- Halmstad University (SE)
- Karlstad University (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Josefsson, Torbjörn
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2019-02-13
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1518-1529
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- OpenAlex
- W2911379904
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 16.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- The Swedish Research Council for Sport Science (D2016-0037/P2016-0146)
- The Center of Research on Welfare, Health, and Sport, Halmstad University, Sweden
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, emotion regulation, mental training, elite athletes, acceptance and commitment therapy, mediation, sport psychology intervention
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