How WEIRD are positive psychology interventions? A bibliometric analysis of randomized controlled trials on the science of well-being
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The past two decades have witnessed a rapid rise in well-being research, and a profusion of empirical studies on positive psychology interventions (PPIs). This bibliometric analysis quantifies the extent to which rigorous research on PPIs that employ randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reaches beyond Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic (WEIRD) populations. A search was conducted through databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies from 1998 to 2017. In total, we found 187 full-text articles that included 188 RCTs from 24 countries. We found that RCTs on the efficacy of PPIs are still predominately conducted in western countries, which accounted for 78.2% of the studies. All these countries are highly industrialized and democratic, and study populations are often highly educated and have a high income. However, there has been a strong and steady increase in publications from non-Western countries since 2012, indicating a trend towards globalization of positive psychology research.
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Majority of participants are expected to be mothers, limiting generalizability to fathers.
“Firstly, it is expected that majority of participants will be mothers, limiting the generalizability of conclusions to fathers.”
From Effectiveness of a positive psychology and mindfulness-based app on mental health for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder: study protocol of a pragmatic international randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
The Participants section reports that most participants in the reviewed trials were women, and the Limitations section says this gender imbalance may cause generalization bias. The paper does not identify those women as mothers or predict who will participate in the citing study, so it does not establish the specific limitation concerning fathers. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome research has found that Western-derived interventions for psychological problems can conflict with norms of non-Western populations.
“Indeed, some research has found that Western-derived interventions for psychological problems can conflict with norms of nonWestern populations. 70-72”
From Randomized Controlled Trials of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Interventions Over the Past Two Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
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Mead, J., Fisher, Z., & Kemp, A. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642093 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“2% of publications in positive psychology (up to 2018) associated with Western countries (Hendriks et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialDa, S., He, Y., & Zhang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238754 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“However, research in the field of positive psychology interventions in non-Western countries is still in its infancy, and researchers urge articles from non-Western countries, even when there is a finding of no effect, as this is likely to reduce the publication bias in positive psychology intervention research [28,29…”
BackgroundMethodHeekerens, J. B., & Eid, M. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1716052 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…it remains largely unclear how cultural background influences the effects of the best-possible-self intervention and future studies should also deliver the best-possible-self intervention to participants from collectivistic cultures (see Hendriks et al., 2019, for a review and discussion).”
BackgroundLomas, T. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.2016900 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Grand Challenges for Positive Psychology: Future Perspectives and Opportunities
van Zyl, L. V., & Rothmann, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833057 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Wong and Roy (2017) emphasize that positive psychology over-relies on scientism and the belief that the positivist paradigm is the only scientific approach to examining psychological phenomena.”
BackgroundInfluentialFrom Deficit to Strength-Based Aboriginal Health Research—Moving toward Flourishing
Bullen, J., Hill-Wall, T., Anderson, K., Brown, A., Bracknell, C., Newnham, E. A., Garvey, G., & Waters, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075395 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“While positive psychology has generated meaningful outcomes for many populations, there are critiques of both the heterogenous population sampled and impacted, and the context and settings most positive psychology interventions have been conducted within [40].”
BackgroundAboobaker, N. (2022) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-022-00666-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Questioning Contemporary Universalist Approaches to Human Flourishing
Fowers, B., Novák, L., Kiknadze, N. C., & Calder, A. J. (2023) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/10892680221138230 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“This may have escaped notice partly because flourishing measures have been developed by WEIRD scholars and based primarily onWEIRD samples (FernándezRı́os & Novo, 2012; Hendriks et al., 2019).”
Backgrounddu Toit, A., Thomson, R. J., & Page, A. (2022) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v12i2.1897 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Value of Pretend Play for Social Competence in Early Childhood: A Meta-analysis
der Nat, M. S.-V., van der Wilt, F. M., Meeter, M., & van der Veen, C. (2024) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-024-09884-z · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“That is, most studies included in this meta-analysis were conducted in countries that are western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (i.e., WEIRD countries; Hendriks et al., 2019).”
When COVID-19 exacerbates inequities: The path forward for generating wellbeing
Warren, M. A., & Bordoloi, S. D. (2020) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v10i3.1357 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“…on wellbeing has leaned heavily toward individual actions and behaviors to generate wellbeing, given the underlying assumption that individuals have the autonomy to choose activities, engage in experiences, and take measures to enhance their own wellbeing (Hendriks et al., 2019; Lyubomirsky, 2008).”
Self-citationKing, R. B., Wang, Y., Fu, L., & Leung, S. O. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55461-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Donaldson, S. I., Chan, L. B., Villalobos, J., & Chen, C. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249432 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“After much reflection, we have decided to attempt to make a contribution toward understanding a challenge that is often raised in this rapidly developing area of inquiry: do positive organizational psychology findings generalize beyond the US and similar Western nations [1,2]? Donaldson and Ko [3] defined positive org…”
BackgroundTRENDS AND PATTERNS IN COSO-RELATED AUDITING RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
Qabajeh, M., Qubbaja, A., Jebreel, M., AlQudah, M. Z., & Alkhatib, F. S. F. (2024) · EDPACS · doi:10.1080/07366981.2024.2371537 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“For bibliometric analysis visualization, we utilized VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) developed by van Eck and Waltman (Ge et al., 2022; Hendriks et al., 2019; N. J. Van Eck & Waltman, 2017).”
InfluentialDatu, J. A. D., & Mateo, N. J. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105649 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Saboor, S., Medina, A., & Marciano, L. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/56045 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“On the basis of positive psychology theories and empirical research, PPIs aim to ameliorate well-being and health outcomes by increasing positive feelings, healthier lifestyle behaviors, and better cognitive functioning [28].”
BackgroundA Decade of Green Economic Literature: An Analysis-Based Bibliometric
Alqudah, H. M., AlQudah, M. Z., Huson, Y. A., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., & Almaiah, M. A. (2024) · International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy · doi:10.32479/ijeep.15579 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A qualitative exploration of individual differences in wellbeing for highly sensitive individuals
Black, B., & Kern, M. L. (2019) · Palgrave Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0482-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“…between WEIRD and non-WEIRD societies across a range of behavioral and cognitive indices (e.g., Benet-Martínez, 2006; Disabato et al., 2020; Hendriks et al., 2019; Koopmann-Holm and Tsai, 2014; Laajaj et al., 2019; Lim, 2016; Tsai et al., 2006; Tsai et al., 2006; Tsai and Park, 2014; Wong…”
BackgroundDatu, J. A. D., Wong, G. S. P., & Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104062 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Alcohol-impaired Walking in 16 Countries: A Theory-Based Investigation
Oviedo-Trespalacios, Ó., Çeli̇k, A. K., Bertolín, A. M.-B., Włodarczyk, A., Demant, D., Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Rubie, E., Oktay, E., Argandar, G. D., Rod, J. E., et al. (2021) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106212 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Research on the application of psychosocial models in non-Western and/or low and middle-income countries is still needed, and it is an on-going focus of concern among researchers (Hendriks et al., 2019).”
Donaldson, S., Cabrera, V., & Gaffaney, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739352 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Experimental effects of social behavior on well-being
Regan, A., Radošić, N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“originally developed from an individualist lens [101,102].”
Defining bilingualism in infancy and toddlerhood: A scoping review
Rocha‐Hidalgo, J., & Barr, R. (2022) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/13670069211069067 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Researchers have urged the scientific field to expand their research beyond a western-centric focus (Arnett, 2016, Cole, 2006; Hendriks et al., 2019; Jahoda, 2016; Pollet & Saxton, 2019).”
BackgroundBeyebach, M., Neipp, M.-C., Solanes-Puchol, Á., & Martín-del-Río, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754885 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“This is different in the traditional PPIs, which are often adapted to specific populations (Hendriks et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCultural Variation in Flourishing
Kiknadze, N. C., & Fowers, B. J. (2023) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-023-00677-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Most flourishing research to date has been based on WEIRD samples and have been created by WEIRD scholars (e.g., Fernández-Ríos and Novo, 2012; Hendriks et al., 2019 ).”
BackgroundSabik, N. J., Matsick, J. L., McCormick‐Huhn, K., & Cole, E. R. (2021) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/03616843211035678 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Positive memory intervention techniques: a scoping review
Miguel-Álvaro, A., Guillén, A. I., Contractor, A. A., & Crespo, M. (2021) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2021.1937655 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“This review demonstrates that several techniques have been proposed in recent years (the first being published in 2004), which is congruent with the growing research interest in positive memory or positive psychology interventions (Hendriks et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPositive Psychology Interventions as an Opportunity in Arab Countries to Promoting Well-Being
Basurrah, A. A., Baddar, M. A.-H., & Blasi, Z. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793608 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“While the ratio of non-Western toWestern randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PPIs has improved quite dramatically in the past decade, most of these studies (82%) remain narrow in focus in terms of the culture of their participants, having been developed and tested inWestern Educated Industrialised Rich Demo…”
BackgroundThe association between sensory processing and stress in the adult population: A systematic review
Harrold, Á., Keating, K., Larkin, F., & Setti, A. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12554 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hernández, D. (2019) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-09659-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Editorial: Positive psychological interventions: How, when and why they work: Beyond WEIRD contexts
Duan, W., Klibert, J., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Llorens, S., van den Heuvel, M., Mayer, C., Tomasulo, D., Liao, Y., & van Zyl, L. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021539 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHendriks, T., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Hassankhan, A., Sardjo, W., Graafsma, T., Bohlmeijer, E., & de Jong, J. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1590624 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…psychology is not only limited to publications originating from Western countries; a quarter to a third of the studies in the field of positive psychology now originate from non-Western countries (Donaldson, Dollwet, & Rao, 2015; Hendriks et al., 2018b; Kim, Doiron, Warren, & Donaldson, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialWong, P. T. P., & Cowden, R. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1054519 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mishra, H., & Venkatesan, M. (2022) · Management and Labour Studies · doi:10.1177/0258042x221117960 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Measuring ACT in context: Challenges and future directions
Ong, C. W., Sheehan, K. G., & Haaga, D. A. F. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.04.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Montiel, C., Radziszewski, S., Prilleltensky, I., & Houle, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720793 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Critical Positive Psychology Some researchers have described an elitist approach to positive psychology, which focuses on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) groups, with little recognition of the influence of social context, and social determinants of health and well-being (e.g., Banicki,…”
BackgroundDatu, J. A. D., Lee, A., Fung, W. K., Cheung, R. Y. M., & Chung, K. K. H. (2022) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.08.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“This issue relates to a broader concern on the preponderance of studies about positive psychological interventions in WEIRD societies (Hendriks et al., 2019), which may not be applicable to people in non-WEIRD and collectivist societies who are more likely to prioritize socially oriented strategies to achieve happines…”
BackgroundPredictive Power of Positive Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Margraf, J., Teismann, T., & Brailovskaia, J. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00788-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ng, W., & Ong, K. R. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-021-09513-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Psychotherapy Trainee Humility and Its Impact: Conceptual and Practical Considerations
Watkins, C. E., Jr., & Mosher, D. K. (2020) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-020-09454-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ma, Y., Kraemer, K. M., Lyu, J., & Yeh, G. Y. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0548 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lee, A. L. H., Fung, W.-K., Datu, J. A. D., & Chung, K. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221127631 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Consistently, previous studies in the West also revealed the positive associations between SWB (e.g., negative affect) and PWB (e.g., autonomy) indicators among university students (Goodman et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialRandomized controlled trial of a well-being intervention in cardiac patients
Nikrahan, G. R., Eshaghi, L., Massey, C. N., Hemmat, A., Amonoo, H. L., Healy, B. C., & Huffman, J. C. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mann, L. M., & Walker, B. R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.087 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The effects of positive psychology interventions in Arab countries: A systematic review
Basurrah, A. A., Blasi, Z. D., Lambert, L., Murphy, M. F., Warren, M. A., Setti, A., Baddar, M. K. A.-H., & Shrestha, T. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12391 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationChuecas, M. J., Alfaro, J., Benavente, M., & Ditzel, L. (2022) · Revista de educación · doi:10.1002/rev3.3345 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Marsh, H. W., Pekrun, R. H., Dicke, T., Guo, J., Parker, P. D., & Basarkod, G. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09726-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“A major limitation of much educational research is overreliance on studies from Western, Edu-cated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies (Hendriks et al., 2019)—particularly the US and a few other industrialized countries.”
BackgroundAn Interdependent Approach to Happiness and Well-Being
Uchida, Y., & Rappleye, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26260-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lambert, L., Warren, M. A., Schwam, A., & Warren, M. T. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02080-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…Christopher & Hickinbottom, 2008; Joshanloo, 2013; Yakushko & Blodgett, 2021), and use as the norm, WEIRD participants (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrial-ized, Rich, and Democratic), limiting their generalizability to other parts of the world (Hendriks, Warren et al., 2018; Henrich et al., 2010).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRetracted Article: Using bibliometrics to understand algorithmic finance
Qudah, H. A., Baqila, B. K. A., Albadienah, J. M. O., AlQudah, M. Z., Qudah, S. M. A. A., Alrahamneh, S., Ababne, A., & Qudah, I. (2024) · Journal of Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/15140326.2024.2389497 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
RetractedHoppen, T. H., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046017 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Proverbial positive psychology: can we leverage African ancient wisdom to promote flourishing?
Appiah, R. (2023) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2023.2282771 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Additionally, researchers would need to partner with local organizations and policy-makers to integrate the interventions into existing health and well-being initiatives (Appiah, 2022b; Hendriks & Graafsma, 2019; Schick et al., 2021; Van Zyl & Rothmann, 2019).”
InfluentialWieners, L., van Zyl, L. E., Radstaak, M., & Schotanus-Dijkstra, M. (2021) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v11i4.1489 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationNetto, P. M. D., Quek, K. F., & Golden, K. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767908 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Notably, there has been a gap with limited positive psychology research and practice in Malaysia (Hashim, 2013; Hendriks et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPeer Victimization: an Integrative Review and Cross-National Test of a Tripartite Model
Marsh, H. W., Guo, J., Parker, P. D., Pekrun, R. H., Basarkod, G., Dicke, T., Parada, R. H., Reeve, J., Craven, R. G., Ciarrochi, J., et al. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09765-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lomas, T. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2022.2131608 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness
Fave, A. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3778-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nawa, N. E., & Yamagishi, N. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Although there has been a marked increase in the number of positive psychology intervention studies involving individuals from non-Western cultures [25], a more detailed understanding of how potential intervention targets relate to well-being outcomes in specific groups within this large,…”
BackgroundHossain, M. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3551055 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Marshall, C. (2022) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2147420 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Inner Peace and Character Strengths
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Pawelski, J. O., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2024) · Peace psychology book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66928-6_2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lambert, L., Joshanloo, M., Marquez, J., Cody, B. L., Arora, T., Warren, M. A., Aguilar, L., Samways, M., & Teasel, S. (2022) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-022-00066-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationForty years of context effect research in marketing: a bibliometric analysis
Adler, S. J., Schöniger, M. K., Lichters, M., & Sarstedt, M. (2023) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-023-01167-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Our affiliation network showed that most context effect research originates in countries with Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD; Hendriks et al. 2019 ; Henrich et al. 2010 ) societies.”
Ideal personhood through the ages: tracing the genealogy of the modern concepts of wellbeing
Joshanloo, M., & Weijers, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1494506 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Masa’deh, R. M. T., AlQudah, M. Z., Shatnawi, A., Samara, H., Ghasawneh, D., Al-Majali, R. T., & Al-Rahamneh, A. (2024) · On the Horizon The International Journal of Learning Futures · doi:10.1108/oth-09-2024-0057 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Straiton, D., Groom, B., & Ingersoll, B. R. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361321989911 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In addition, most of what we know about behavioral science is based on studies of upper-middle class White families from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic societies (Hendriks et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAppiah, R. (2022) · Culture & Psychology · doi:10.1177/1354067x221118916 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In their study examining the efficacy of PPIs from nonWestern countries in 2018 that involved 28 studies conducted using the randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, Hendriks and colleagues only retrieved one study from Africa that met the inclusion criteria (Hendriks et al., 2018).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf‐connection and well‐being: Development and validation of a self‐connection scale
Klussman, K., Nichols, A., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Orehek, E. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2812 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Social and emotional learning for the greater good: Expanding the circle of human concern
Chowkase, A. A. (2023) · Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.sel.2023.100003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Al‐Thani, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1549863 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A bibliometric review of positive psychology and well-being research in Africa
Fadiji, A. W., Khumalo, I. P., Wissing, M. P., & Appiah, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384362 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Systematic review of character development in low- and middle-income countries
Jeffery, D., Li, J., Nagpal, P., & Lomas, T. (2024) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2322464 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“For example, Hendriks et al. (2019) conducted a bibliometric analysis of randomised controlled trials of positive psychology interventions, and found that although 78.2% of the 188 studies identified were conducted in Western countries, there was ‘a strong and steady increase in publications from…”
InfluentialGorbeña, S., Marroquín, I. G., Govillard, L., Sarrionandia, S., Macía, P., Penas, P., & Castillo, I. I. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1936520 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tabassum, U., Amjad, A. I., Ahmed, T., & Xing, Q. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2023.024130 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lee, A., Datu, J. A. D., Chan, D. K. C., Lau, E. Y. H., Fung, W. K., Cheng, R. W., Cheung, R. Y. M., & Chung, K. K. H. (2023) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2023.2189649 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, 2016), which further reflects issues regarding the predominance of positive psychological intervention research in Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies (Hendriks et al., 2019).”
BackgroundRelational humility and clinical supervision: on hypotheses, method, and measurement
Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2020) · The Clinical Supervisor · doi:10.1080/07325223.2020.1744056 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hoult, L. M., Wetherell, M. A., Edginton, T. L., & Smith, M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308928 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“PPIs have previously been critiqued for largely being a Western, Educated, Indus-trialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) enterprise [76], which limits current understanding of the efficacy of such interventions across different cultures and underrepresented groups.”
Positive Psychological Interventions in African Contexts: A Scoping Review
Guse, T. (2022) · Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85924-4_16 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Family interventions and armed conflict
de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815493-9.00015-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Taking “Thanks” for Granted: A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Gratitude in the UK and Australia
Morgan, B. E., Gulliford, L., & Waters, L. E. (2021) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/10693971211067048 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Neuhaus, M., Young, T. K. H., Ferris, L., Grimmel, C. L. M., & Reid, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19138065 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This reflects broader observations made of the field as a whole [87] but may be an artefact of our inclusion criteria, such that only studies that were published in English were considered.”
BackgroundShim, Y., Scotney, V. S., & Tay, L. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1913642 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Lai, A. Y., Pawelski, J. O., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2024) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2024.2370538 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Leader(ship) Identity Development and Meaning Making: A Scoping Review
Sunderman, H. M., & Orsini, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.21905 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hendriks, T., Pritikin, J. N., Choudhary, R., & Danyluck, C. M. (2021) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-021-00052-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Psychological Meaning of Self-Forgiveness in a Collectivist Context and the Measure Development
Hsu, H.-P. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s336900 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“25”
Chen, G., Chen, W. W., Qi, S., & Shek, D. T. L. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21121576 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Although a large number of PYD intervention projects have been or are being implemented globally, the vast majority of projects are in WEIRD countries [17].”
20 Years of Character Strengths: A Bibliometric Review
Feraco, T., & Casali, N. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00869-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Indeed, documents on character strengths, similar to positive psychology in general (Hendriks et al., 2019), were mainly published by authors from WEIRD countries during the first decade of research on the topic (see Fig.”
Gaffaney, J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1548612 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Ritchie‐Dunham, J. L., Lee, M. T., Pawelski, J. O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00822-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Positive Psychology Intervention for Families of Hospitalized Children
da Silva, D. G., & Giacomoni, C. H. (2020) · Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) · doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3036 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Developing Positive Psychological Interventions: Maximizing Efficacy for Use in Eastern Cultures
Ng, S. H., & Lim, W. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20020-6_12 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hendriks, T., Warren, M. A., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Hassankhan, A., Graafsma, T., Bohlmeijer, E., & de Jong, J.
- Affiliations
- Anton de Kom University of Suriname (SR)
- Western Washington University (US)
- University of Twente (NL)
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Hendriks, Tom
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Positive Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-08-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 489-501
- ISSN
- 1743-9760 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-9779
- OpenAlex
- W2889446527
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.utwente.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The Journal of Positive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- positive psychology interventions, WEIRD populations, research generalizability, cross-cultural research, randomized controlled trials, well-being, globalization of science, publication trends
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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