Delivering Happiness: Translating Positive Psychology Intervention Research for Treating Major and Minor Depressive Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Despite the availability of many treatment options, depressive disorders remain a global public health problem. Even in affluent nations, 70% of reported cases either do not receive the recommended level of treatment or do not get treated at all, and this percentage does not reflect cases of depression that go unreported due to lack of access to health care, stigma, or other reasons. In developing countries, the World Health Organization estimates that <10% receive proper depression care due to poverty, stigma, and lack of governmental mental health resources and providers. Current treatments do not work for everyone, and even people who achieve remission face a high risk of recurrence and residual disability. The development of low-cost effective interventions that can serve either as initial therapy for mild symptoms or as adjunctive therapy for partial responders to medication is an immense unmet need. Positive activity interventions (PAIs) teach individuals ways to increase their positive thinking, positive affect, and positive behaviors. The majority of such interventions, which have obtained medium-size effect sizes, have been conducted with nondepressed individuals, but two randomized controlled studies in patients with mild clinical depression have reported promising initial findings. In this article, the authors review the relevant literature on the effectiveness of various types of PAIs, draw on social psychology, affective neuroscience and psychophamacology research to propose neural models for how PAIs might relieve depression, and discuss the steps needed to translate the potential promise of PAIs as clinical treatments for individuals with major and minor depressive disorders.
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Others have suggested that positive psychological interventions may be more useful for people who are not benefiting from or not accessing traditional treatments.
“Others have suggested that positive psychological interventions may be more useful for people who are not benefiting from or not accessing traditional treatments [13].”
From What might affect acceptability of online positive psychology interventions for depression: A qualitative study on patient expectations' (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Previously it has been assumed that people with depression may be relatively more likely to benefit as they may be motivated to find the positives.
“Previously it has been assumed that people with depression may be relatively more likely to benefit as they may be motivated to find the positives [13].”
From What might affect acceptability of online positive psychology interventions for depression: A qualitative study on patient expectations' (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
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Krentzman, A. R., Mannella, K. A., Hassett, A. L., Barnett, N. P., Cranford, J. A., Brower, K. J., Higgins, M. M., & Meyer-Kalos, P. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015158 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neumeier, L. M., Brook, L., Ditchburn, G. J., & Sckopke, P. (2017) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2017.1320281 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gaynes, B. N., Pence, B. W., Atashili, J., O’Donnell, J. K., NJAMNSHI, A. K., Tabenyang, M. E., Kefie, C., Whetten, R., Whetten, K., & Ndumbe, P. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“[14] Further, no evidence from sub-Saharan Africa addresses whether effective depression management may improve HIV outcomes.”
BackgroundTian, X., Zhou, X., Sun, M., Yu, N. X., Peng, Y., Zheng, X., & Xiao, W. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17358 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Finding happiness: Tailoring positive activities for optimal well-being benefits.
Nelson, S. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating Positive Psychology and Elements of Music Therapy to Alleviate Adolescent Anxiety
Kwok, S. Y. C. L. (2018) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731518773423 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Liu, I., Liu, F., Xiao, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, S., & Ni, S. (2025) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2300015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Positive emotions are also vital as psychological assets in preventing mental health disorders and can improve conditions for those already suffering (Layous et al., 2011).”
Migliorini, C., Sinclair, A., Brown, D., Tonge, B., & New, P. (2016) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sc.2015.221 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Celano, C. M., Gianangelo, T., Millstein, R. A., Chung, W., Wexler, D. J., Park, E. R., & Huffman, J. C. (2018) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0091217418791448 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“We did not exclude patients with psychiatric conditions to improve generalizability and because PP interventions have been effective in such populations.(37,38)”
Dowlatabadi, M. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Sorbi, M. H., Beiki, O., Khademeh Razavi, T., & Bidaki, R. (2016) · Electronic physician · doi:10.19082/2175 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Other advantages of positive psychotherapy are: 1) it is helpful for depressed patients who don’t like using drugs or drugs can’t cure them, 2) it is economical and its tasks are easy to do, and 3) intervention doesn’t take a long time, and the improvements in the patients’ behaviors are fast and don’t have lateral co…”
BackgroundEryılmaz, A. (2017) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.288667 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Beyond Smiling: The Evaluation of a Positive Psychological Intervention Aimed at Student Happiness
van Zyl, L. V., & Rothmann, S. (2012) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2012.10820541 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“These interventions aid the client in developing positive thoughts, behaviours and emotions, and help the client progress beyond the point of ‘not feeling well’ to a point of flourishing (Layous et al., 2011; Seligman, 2011).”
BackgroundPositive Activity Interventions for Mental Health Conditions
Shin, L. J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch23 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationPositive Psychology Interventions: A Review for Counselling Practitioners
Lambert, L., Emirates, A., Pasha-Zaidi, N., & Emirates, U. A. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kryza‐Lacombe, M., Pearson, N., Lyubomirsky, S., Stein, M. B., Wiggins, J. L., & Taylor, C. T. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103860 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationPositive psychodrama: A framework for practice and research
Orkibi, H. (2019) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2019.101603 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Felicidad y esperanza subjetiva
Sarıçam, H. (2015) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy14-1.shah · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Towards happiness interventions: construct clarification and intervention methodologies
van Zyl, L. E., & Rothmann, S. (2014) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.980621 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“These interventions assist the client in developing positive thoughts, behaviours and emotions to assist in developing past the point of simply ‘not feeling well’ to a point of flourishing (Layous et al., 2011; Seligman, 2011).”
BackgroundWellbeing Matters in Kuwait: The Alnowair’s Bareec Education Initiative
Lambert, L., Passmore, H., Scull, N. C., Sabah, I. A., & Hussain, R. (2018) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-018-1987-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The effects of rumination, distraction, and gratitude on positive and negative affect.
Layous, K., Kumar, S. A., Arendtson, M., & Najera, A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000440 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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“Furthermore, although pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are more effective than placebo, their effect sizes are only small to medium (Layous et al. 2011).”
BackgroundPositive Thinking, School Adjustment and Psychological Well-being among Chinese College Students
Chui, R. C. F., & Chan, C.-K. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010151 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Efficacy of Well-Being Therapy for Depression in Infertile Women.
Moeenizadeh, M., & Zarif, H. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22074/ijfs.2016.5087 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“(8), when moderating variables, such as positive behavior, positive thoughts and positive emotions, are accompanied by with positive activities, they diminish depressive symptoms and improve well-being.”
BackgroundCañas, E., & Estévez, E. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10232923 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Treatment focused on positive psychology is committed to increasing the frequency and quality of social contacts [40] and enhancing positive emotions [41], which could counter the maladjusted social relationships associated with the addiction to new technologies.”
BackgroundHappiness and health in psychiatry: what are their implications?
Machado, L., Tavares, H., Petribú, K., Zilberman, M., Torres, R. F., & Cantilino, A. (2015) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/0101-60830000000058 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Walsh, S., Kaselionyte, J., Taylor, S. J. C., & Priebe, S. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1812-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Walsh, S., Szymczyńska, P., Taylor, S. J., & Priebe, S. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.07.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“A second reason positive psychology interventions are deemed suitable for online dissemination is that they are viewed as inherently more appealing and may have fewer barriers to entry, compared to accessing traditional forms of therapy, or so-called problem-focused approaches (Layous et al., 2011; Schueller and Parks…”
BackgroundResultUsing Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions
Yu, S., Sheldon, K. M., Lan, W.-P., & Chen, J.-H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176407 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“At the same time, PIs do not require as much money and time as conventional medical treatments and carry no stigma or drug side effects [9].”
BackgroundGörges, F., Oehler, C., von Hirschhausen, E., Hegerl, U., & Rummel‐Kluge, C. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Such negative effects have been largely neglected in any type of psychotherapy research, among others due to difficulties in operationalizing the concept (Linden and Schermuly-Haupt 2014).”
BackgroundLA PSICOLOGÍA POSITIVA Y SUS ENEMIGOS: UNA RÉPLICA EN BASE A LA EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA
Vázquez, C. (2013) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Interventions efficaces en psychologie positive: Une revue systématique.
Sitbon, A., Shankland, R., & Martin‐Krumm, C. (2018) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000163 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“En outre, les IPP ont l’avantage de pouvoir être auto-administrées, proposées en groupe avec des effets rapides (Layous et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialKashaniyan, F., & Khodabakhshi‐Koolaee, A. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kounenou, K., Kalamatianos, A., Garipi, A., & Kourmousi, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965945 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“PPIs are low cost interventions, easy to deliver, while being non-stigmatizing and lacking side-effects (Layous et al., 2011).”
BackgroundKeshky, M. E. S. E., Khusaifan, S. J., & Kong, F. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13070527 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The results of this study join those of previous research in encouraging gratitude as a low-cost treatment [58–60] and a non-pharmacological treatment [61] that can improve health in the population with little expenditure.”
Turecek, S., Brymer, E., & Rahimi‐Golkhandan, S. (2024) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102769 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stensrud, T. L., Mjaaland, T. A., & Finset, A. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The pursuit of happiness: A reinforcement learning perspective on habituation and comparisons
Dubey, R., Griffiths, T. L., & Dayan, P. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010316 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mak, V., Ho, S. M. Y., Kwong, R. W. Y., & Li, W. (2016) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x16667572 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chilton, G., Gerber, N. E., Bechtel, A., Councill, T., Dreyer, M., & Yingling, E. (2015) · Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal · doi:10.1080/08322473.2015.1100580 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118315927.ch24 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Myerberg, L. B., Rabinowitz, J. A., Reynolds, M., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01053-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Prospects, Practices, and Prescriptions for the Pursuit of Happiness
Layous, K., Sheldon, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118996874.ch11 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and well‐being in autistic adults: Exploring the moderating role of coping
Muniandy, M., Richdale, A. L., & Lawson, L. P. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3028 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…emotions, functioning and satisfying relationships have been said to play a potential protective role against the effects of negative mental health such as depression in both autistic and non-autistic samples (Hedley et al., 2018; Layous et al., 2011; Teismann et al., 2018; Wilhelm et al., 2010).”
BackgroundWORK AND FAMILY INTERFACE: WELLBEING AND THE ROLE OF RESILIENCE AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE
Riley, D. (2012) · Research Commons (University of Waikato) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Innovation on Education and Social Sciences
Maureen, I. Y., Imah, E. M., Savira, S. I., Anam, S., Mael, M. R., & Hartanti, L. P. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003265061 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tarrats-Pons, E., Mussons-Torras, M., & Jiménez-Pérez, Y. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15050571 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Hallenges integrates empirically validated methodologies (Layous et al., 2011), such as journaling and gratitude letters, identifying personal strengths, three good things (Kalamatianos et al., 2023; Siriaraya et al., 2024), and practicing mindfulness (Kounenou et al., 2022).”
I followed the butterflies: Poetry of positive emotions in art therapy research
Chilton, G., Gerber, N. E., Councill, T., & Dreyer, M. (2015) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2015.1026019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hamby, S. L., Roberts, L. T., Taylor, E. J., Hagler, M., & Kaczkowski, W. (2016) · Child maltreatment solutions network · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40920-7_1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Demırcı, İ. (2021) · Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.62826-656748 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Does Happiness Predict Medication Adherence among African Americans with Hypertension?
Cuffee, Y., Angner, E., Oliver, N., Plummer, D. L., Kiefe, C. I., Hullett, S., & Allison, J. J. (2012) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-012-9170-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Leibovich, L., Wachtel, P. L., Nof, A., & Zilcha‐Mano, S. (2020) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000290 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…have become increasingly of interest in facilitating growth through adversity (Joseph & Linley, 2005), and alleviating depressive symptoms (Layous et al., 2011; Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009), there has been rather little work on integrating positive psychology concepts and methods with those…”
BackgroundResultDoes Using Social Network Sites Reduce Depression and Promote Happiness?
Yu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction · doi:10.4018/ijthi.2020070104 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Jiang, Q., Luo, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976251315679 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Depressed individuals, characterized by anhedonia, may exhibit activation of the ventral striatum during charitable giving, resulting in an uplift of positive emotions and a reduction of depressive symptoms (Layous et al., 2011).”
Resilience, Emotions, and Character Strengths as Predictors of Job Stress in Military Personnel
Taghva, A., Asl, S. T. S., Rahnejat, A. M., & Elikaee, M. M. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.86477 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rafiee, S. H., Taklavi, S., Abolghasemi, A., & Langroodi, H. G. (2020) · Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.32598/cjns.6.21.231.1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS ENEMIES: A REPLY BASED ON SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Vázquez, C. (2013) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deng, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, H., Tian, S., Zhang, Y., & Hu, X. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00713-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…have highlighted the superior effects of group-administered over self-administered practices (Carr et al., 2020; Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009; van Agteren et al., 2021), especially for severely distressed individuals who may lack initiative and organization (Celano et al., 2017; Layous et al., 2011).”
Feig, E. H., Healy, B. C., Celano, C. M., Nikrahan, G. R., Moskowitz, J. T., & Huffman, J. C. (2019) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v9i2.795 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Using Therapeutic Photography Techniques to Increase the Wellbeing of College Students
Tourigny, L., & Naydenova, I. N. (2020) · Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Écija, C., Catalá, P., Furlong, L. V., Pastor-Mira, M. D. L. Á., & Peñacoba, C. (2022) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2022.05.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hite, B. C. (2015) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anual, N., Zamri, M. N., & Zakaria, I. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i6/16765 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) Program for Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDS): A Pilot Study
Masanda, A. B. (2024) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319241271909 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hendriks, T., Hassankhan, A., de Jong, J. T. V. M., & van Woerkom, M. (2024) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200366 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Depression in the community setting: Development and initial validation of the Daily Goals Scale
Asgari, Y., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2013) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The effect of positive psychotherapy in test anxiety among Zahedan students with hemophilia
Heydari, M. G., Shirazi, M., & Sanagouyemoharer, G. R. (2018) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2018.307 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Eryılmaz, A., & Altınsoy, F. (2021) · TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM · doi:10.15390/eb.2021.8226 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Round, J., & Burke, J. (2018) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2018.13.2.27 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Group Positive Psychotherapy and Depression of Females Affected by Multiple Sclerosis
Khayatan, T., Azkhosh, M., Bahmani, B., Azimian, M., & Dolatshahi, B. (2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The spiritual heart: Can gratitude change cardiac biology?
Doraiswamy, P. M., & Oz, M. C. (2015) · Spirituality in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1037/scp0000061 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Such behaviors are termed as positive activity interventions and include exercises such as doing acts of kindness, counting one’s blessings, thinking about good things, writing letters of gratitude, and meditating on positive feelings toward others (Layous et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe development and evaluation of positive psychological interventions aimed at happiness
van Zyl, L. E., & Ellardus, L. (2012) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Therapeutic effects of positive emotions on neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems
El‐Mansoury, B., Laadraoui, J., Razouqi, Y., Haj-Khlifa, A., Fatimi, H. E., Hiba, O. E., & Jayakumar, A. R. (2025) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.02.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jafari, M., Basharpour, S., Bazazorde, M., & Hajlo, N. (2022) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-022-00673-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Anxiety is one of these negative emotions that can be diminished by the created positive mentality and beliefs following positive psychology interventions (Layous et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe happy elderly as a being-toward-death: a phenomenological research
Echeverria, L. I. G., Ramírez, R., Pinto, R. P., Barra, P. S., & Rapiman, M.-E. (2016) · Medwave · doi:10.5867/medwave.2016.09.6574 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kaubisch, S., Kloek, M., Primbs, R., Iglhaut, L., Piechaczek, C., Keim, P., Feldmann, L., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Greimel, E. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100872 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Although there is evidence that online and self-help methods mitigate the impact of PPIs (Koydemir et al., 2021), this method of delivery is more feasible on a large scale (Layous et al., 2011).”
Pandey, J. M., & Garg, S. (2018) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3480-8.ch001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
MAKNA BAHAGIA PADA LAJANG DEWASA MADYA
Hidayatullah, M. S., & LARASSATY, R. M. (2017) · Jurnal Ecopsy · doi:10.20527/ecopsy.v4i2.3847 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Layous, K., Chancellor, J., Lyubomirsky, S., Wang, L., & Doraiswamy, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lyubomirsky, Sonja
- Venue
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 675-683
- ISSN
- 1075-5535 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7708
- OpenAlex
- W2009160974
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- positive psychology interventions, major depressive disorder, depression treatment, low-cost interventions, adjunctive therapy, treatment-resistant depression, affective neuroscience, psychopharmacology, clinical translation, access to mental health care, depression stigma
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Behavior, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Happiness, Health Education, Humans, Thinking, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Biomedical Research
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