The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exercise‐induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions?
Open accessAbstract
Exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by symptoms that present both immediately and for up to 14 days after the initial exercise bout. The main consequence of EIMD for the athlete is the loss of skeletal muscle function and soreness. As such, numerous nutrients and functional foods have been examined for their potential to ameliorate the effects of EIMD and accelerate recovery, which is the purpose of many nutritional strategies for the athlete. However, the trade‐off between recovery and adaptation is rarely considered. For example, many nutritional interventions described in this review target oxidative stress and inflammation, both thought to contribute to EIMD but are also crucial for the recovery and adaptation process. This calls into question whether long term administration of supplements and functional foods used to target EIMD is indeed best practice. This rapidly growing area of sports nutrition will benefit from careful consideration of the potential hormetic effect of long term use of nutritional aids that ameliorate muscle damage. This review provides a concise overview of what EIMD is, its causes and consequences and critically evaluates potential nutritional strategies to ameliorate EIMD. We present a pragmatic practical summary that can be adopted by practitioners and direct future research, with the purpose of pushing the field to better consider the fine balance between recovery and adaptation and the potential that nutritional interventions have in modulating this balance.
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“These effects are particularly relevant for athletes undergoing unaccustomed or eccentric exercise, which induces exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), inflammation, and oxidative stress [74,82].”
From Use of Nutritional Strategies, Bioactive Compounds, and Dietary Supplements in Young Athletes: From Evidence to Potential Risks—A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [82]
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Citations
Cites
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A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair
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“…of immune cell types infiltrate the damaged tissue, including mast cells, neutrophils, T regulatory lymphocytes, eosinophils and CD8 T lymphocytes (Burzyn et al., 2013; Castiglioni et al., 2015; Cote, Tremblay, Duchesne, & Lapoite, 2008; Heredia et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2014) to carry out…”
BackgroundMyofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man
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“At this point, some sarcomeres experience “popping” (See “popping sarcomere hypothesis”; Morgan & Allen, 1999; Proske & Morgan, 2001) and increase tension on passive structures that result in deformation of non-contractile proteins that has previously been evidenced by Z-line streaming (Friden et al., 1983).”
BackgroundDietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation
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“Adaptive processes to both resistance and endurance type exercise are enhanced whenprotein is fed around the exercise bout (Reviewed in detail by Phillips & Van Loon, 2011).”
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Self-citationThe effects of heavy resistance training and detraining on satellite cells in human skeletal muscles
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Myonuclei acquired by overload exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining
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E-C coupling failure in mouse EDL muscle after in vivo eccentric contractions
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Cited by
Calella, P., Cerullo, G., Di Dio, M., Liguori, F., Di Onofrio, V., Gallè, F., & Liguori, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1048258 · Cited by 69
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Naderi, A., Rothschild, J. A., Santos, H. O., Hamidvand, A., Koozehchian, M. S., Ghazzagh, A., Berjisian, E., & Podlogar, T. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6 · Cited by 77
“…acid (DHA) are types of fats that have reported anti-inflammatory properties and the capacity for reducing EIMD and enhancing muscle function following exercise [182], providing additional rationale for their recommended use in aiding exercise recovery in a dose-and duration-dependent manner [183].”
Martin-Rincon, M., Gelabert-Rebato, M., Galvan-Alvarez, V., Gallego-Selles, A., Martinez-Canton, M., Lopez-Rios, L., Wiebe, J. C., Martin-Rodriguez, S., Arteaga-Ortiz, R., Dorado, C., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030614 · Cited by 31
Nirmal, S., Olatunde, O. O., Medhe, S., Vitti, S., Khemtong, C., & Nirmal, N. P. (2023) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00500-0 · Cited by 22
Ten “Cheat Codes” for Measuring Oxidative Stress in Humans
Cobley, J. N., Margaritelis, N. V., Chatzinikolaou, P. N., Nikolaidis, M. G., & Davison, G. W. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13070877 · Cited by 17
Self-citationO’Riordan, S. F., Bishop, D. J., Halson, S. L., & Broatch, J. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21029-2 · Cited by 14
Naclerio, F., Larumbe-Zabala, E., Cooper, K., & Seijo, M. (2020) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003397 · Cited by 12
De Zan, D., Eletti, F., Fiore, G., Di Girolamo, E., Bozzini, G. G. M., Perico, V., Tosi, M., Norsa, L., Zuccotti, G., & Verduci, E. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17132194 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Owens, D. J., Twist, C., Cobley, J. N., Howatson, G., & Close, G. L.
- Venue
- European Journal of Sport Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-08-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-85
- ISSN
- 1536-7290 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1391
- OpenAlex
- W2887403453
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 16.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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