Cited by 1,234Muscle Physiology and DisordersT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyWound Healing and Treatments

A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair

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Burzyn, Dalia, Kuswanto, Wilson, Kolodin, Dmitriy, Shadrach, Jennifer L., Cerletti, Massimiliano, Jang, Young, Sefik, Esen, Tan, Tze Guan +3 more·2013·Cell

Abstract

Long recognized to be potent suppressors of immune responses, Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are being rediscovered as regulators of nonimmunological processes. We describe a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of Treg cells that rapidly accumulated in the acutely injured skeletal muscle of mice, just as invading myeloid-lineage cells switched from a proinflammatory to a proregenerative state. A Treg population of similar phenotype accumulated in muscles of genetically dystrophic mice. Punctual depletion of Treg cells during the repair process prolonged the proinflammatory infiltrate and impaired muscle repair, while treatments that increased or decreased Treg activities diminished or enhanced (respectively) muscle damage in a dystrophy model. Muscle Treg cells expressed the growth factor Amphiregulin, which acted directly on muscle satellite cells in vitro and improved muscle repair in vivo. Thus, Treg cells and their products may provide new therapeutic opportunities for wound repair and muscular dystrophies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.054

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  • The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand amphiregulin is a key factor of tissue Treg cells to maintain homeostasis or induce tissue regeneration in a diverse set of tissues, including lung, muscle, and brain.

    “Several publications identified the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand amphiregulin as a key factor of tissue Treg cells to maintain homeostasis or induce tissue regeneration in a diverse set of tissues, including lung, muscle, and brain [447, 448].”

    From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [447]

    The Results section (page unavailable) identifies amphiregulin as an EGFR ligand expressed by muscle Treg cells and reports that it enhances muscle-repair measures. The Discussion (page unavailable) mentions lung healing, but not as a finding about lung Treg cells; the paper does not establish the claimed role for tissue Tregs across lung, muscle, and brain. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Treg cells protect from epithelial cell injury by both interacting with immune cells to suppress inflammation and by producing epithelial growth factors that signal to non-immune cells.

    “Together, these studies suggest that Treg cells protect from epithelial cell injury by both interacting with immune cells to suppress inflammation and by producing epithelial growth factors that signal to non-immune cells.”

    From Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Discussion section (“How Might Treg Cells Influence Muscle Repair”; page not provided) says Treg cells regulate inflammatory myeloid cells and that Treg-produced amphiregulin may act on muscle satellite cells. The Results section identifies amphiregulin as a member of the EGF family. These findings concern repair of injured muscle, not protection from epithelial cell injury, so the claim extends the paper’s findings to a different tissue. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Treg cell-derived amphiregulin (Areg) promotes repair after acute tissue injury.

    “Production of amphiregulin (Areg) by regulatory T (Treg) cells promotes repair after acute tissue injury.”

    From Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Results section (page unavailable) shows that muscle Treg cells express Areg and that administered Areg improved repair-related measures after acute muscle injury in mice. The claim extends this muscle-specific evidence to acute tissue injury generally; the experiment also tested administered Areg rather than directly establishing that Treg-derived Areg caused the repair. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In acute injury settings, Treg cell-derived Areg is independent of Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression and acts on tissue-resident mesenchymal cells and stem cells, not immune cells.

    “In these settings, Treg cell-derived Areg is notably independent of Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression, and acts on tissue-resident mesenchymal cells and stem cells - not immune cells 25,26,28 .”

    From Amphiregulin from regulatory T cells promotes liver fibrosis and insulin resistance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Results section (page unavailable) reports that Areg enhanced muscle regeneration and, when Tregs were present, affected repair-related genes without significantly affecting immune-response genes. The Discussion says Areg may directly affect muscle satellite cells. These findings support a nonimmune route for muscle repair, but do not establish that Treg-derived Areg is independent of Treg-mediated immunosuppression or acts on mesenchymal cells and stem cells rather than any immune cells. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Treg cells support tissue homeostasis and regeneration, ranging from regulating metabolic parameters in adipose tissue to potentiating tissue repair in skeletal muscles, lung tissue, or brain.

    “They have been shown to support tissue homeostasis and regeneration, ranging from regulating metabolic parameters in the adipose tissue to potentiating tissue repair [444-446], e.g., in skeletal muscles [447], lung tissue [448], or brain [449].”

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Authors
Burzyn, D., Kuswanto, W., Kolodin, D., Shadrach, J. L., Cerletti, M., Jang, Y., Sefik, E., Tan, T. G., Wagers, A. J., Benoist, C., & Mathis, D.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Mathis, Diane
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-12
Volume
155
Issue
6
Pages
1282-1295
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2151328705
Cited by
1,234
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 98 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 1
FWCI
26.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Harvard Stem Cell Institute
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG033053)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL100402)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R37AI051530)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK036836, R01DK092541)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
Keywords
regulatory T cells, Foxp3, muscle repair, skeletal muscle injury, muscle regeneration, muscular dystrophy, amphiregulin, satellite cells, myeloid cells, Treg depletion, wound healing
MeSH terms
Animals, Glycoproteins, Lymphoid Tissue, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscular Dystrophies, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Regeneration, Muscle, Skeletal, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, Transcriptome, EGF Family of Proteins, Amphiregulin

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