Unresolved–disorganized attachment adjusted for a general psychopathology factor associated with atypical amygdala resting-state functional connectivity
Open accessAbstract
Background: Recent research has identified a general psychopathology factor (GPF), which explains overlap in presentation of psychopathological symptoms. Unresolved–disorganized attachment (Ud) is another transdiagnostic risk factor that may be relevant to explain differences in patient characteristics within diagnostic classifications.Objective: In the current study, we examined unique relations of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with Ud and GPF.Method: RSFC data were collected from a mixed group of adolescents (N = 74) with and without psychiatric disorder, as part of the Emotional Pathways’ Imaging Study in Clinical Adolescents (EPISCA) study. Ud was measured using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Associations between Ud, GPF, and RSFC of the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and with amygdala–medial frontal connectivity were examined.Results: Ud was positively associated with greater functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the left lateral occipital cortex, precuneus, and superior parietal lobule. Furthermore, Ud was negatively associated with left amygdala–medial frontal cortex connectivity. GPF was not significantly associated with dACC or amygdala connectivity.Conclusions: Atypical amygdala connectivity may reflect a vulnerability factor rather than a biomarker of psychopathology. The unique association of Ud and amygdala RSFC, adjusted for a GPF, across participants with and without various classifications of psychopathology illustrates that dimensional approaches based on the AAI may complement psychiatric classifications in clinical research and practice.
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In adolescence, disorganized attachment is associated with heightened functional connectivity between the amygdala and areas involved in visual and self-referential (DMN) processing, but reduced connectivity with the inhibitory PfC.
“In adolescence, disorganized attachment has been shown to be associated with heightened functional connectivity between the amygdala and areas in the brain involved in visual and self-referential (i.e., DMN) processing, but reduced connectivity with the inhibitory PfC [181]—similar to findings with adults diagnosed with BPD.”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
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- Authors
- van Hoof, M.-J., Riem, M. M. E., Garrett, A. S., van der Wee, N. J. A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M.
- Affiliations
- Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent, Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Tilburg University (NL)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden University (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-03-14
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1583525-1583525
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6419678
- OpenAlex
- W2920824940
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- LUMC) grant. M.J. van Hoof
- Spinoza Award
- Rivierduinen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- general psychopathology factor, resting-state functional connectivity, amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, transdiagnostic risk factors, adolescents, mental illness, Adult Attachment Interview, precuneus, superior parietal lobule
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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