Cited by 443Mental Health Research TopicsPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyPsychology and Mental Health

A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.

Open access
Lahey, Benjamin B., Krueger, Robert F., Rathouz, Paul J., Waldman, Irwin D., Zald, David H.·2017·Psychological Bulletin

Abstract

of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the 3 levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/bul0000069

Cites

445 of 445 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Models of psychopathology implicate neuroticism as a key contributor to most psychopathologies, more clearly with internalizing than externalizing psychopathologies.

    “Models of psychopathology implicate neuroticism as a key contributor to most psychopathologies, though more clearly with internalizing than with externalizing psychopathologies (Kotov et al., 2017; Lahey et al., 2017).”

    From Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model (2018) · cites this paper as Lahey et al., 2017

    In “Dispositions and the Hierarchical Structure of Psychopathology” (page unavailable), the paper equates neuroticism with negative emotionality and describes robust links to common internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies. It does not establish that the link is clearer for internalizing psychopathologies; in one bifactor analysis discussed there, the residual internalizing correlation was small while the externalizing correlation was significant. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • At least 5 of 9 symptoms were needed to identify an adult with SCT.

    “whereas at least 5 of 9 symptoms were needed to identify an adult with SCT [25].”
  • Empirically based SCT scales have been developed and validated.

    “empirically-based SCT scales have been developed and validated [7,9,25-28].”
  • Adults with SCT, with or without ADHD, earned less annual income and had greater self-organization/problem-solving difficulties than controls or adults with ADHD only.

    “Barkley found that adults with SCT (with or without ADHD) earned less annual income and also had greater difficulties self-organization/problem-solving than controls or adults with ADHD-only [25].”
  • Three persistent problems in categorical diagnosis-demarcating a likely dimensional construct, heterogeneity within diagnoses, and excessive comorbidity-are likely to affect SCT as they do most current DSM-based diagnoses.

    “Barkley’s nationally representative studies of SCT in children and adults [25,26] were landmark studies but nevertheless underscore three long-standing issues in categorical-based diagnosis that will likely apply to SCT just as they do to most current DSM-based diagnoses: categorical demarcation of a likely dimensional construct, within-diagnosis heterogeneity, and excessive comorbidity [21,24,105”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 447 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Cicchetti D Cohen DJ 2006 Developmental psychopathology 2 New York Wiley
  2. D’Onofrio BM Lahey BB Turkheimer E Lichtenstein P 2013 The critical need for family-based, quasi-experimental research in integrating genetic and social science research American Journal of Public Health 103 S46 S55 23927516 PMC3778076
  3. Gray JA McNaughton N 2003 The neuropsychology of anxiety 2 Oxford Oxford University Press
  4. Kasen S Cohen P Skodol AE Johnson JG Brook JS 1999b Influence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders on young adult personality disorder American Journal of Psychiatry 156 10 1529 1535 10518162
  5. Kessler RC 1995 The National Comorbidity Survey: Preliminary Results and Future Directions International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 5 139 151
  6. Nisbett RE Wilson TD 1977 Halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alternation of judgments Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 250 256
  7. Nunnally JC 1978 Psychometric theory 2 New York McGraw-Hill
  8. Quay HC 1986 Classification Quay HC Werry JS Psychopathological disorders of childhood 3 1 42 New York Wiley

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lahey, B. B., Krueger, R. F., Rathouz, P. J., Waldman, I. D., & Zald, D. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Emory University (US)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Published
2017-02
Volume
143
Issue
2
Pages
142-186
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
OpenAlex
W2561015403
Cited by
443
References
447
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 14
FWCI
54.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH098098)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords
psychopathology, lifespan development, symptom heterogeneity, etiology of mental disorders
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Classification, Humans, Models, Psychological, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Causality, Multivariate Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review