Non-contact infrared assessment of human body temperature: The journal Temperature toolbox
Open accessAbstract
The assessment of human internal/core temperature (Tcore) is relevant in many scientific disciplines, but also for public health authorities when attempting to identify individuals with fever. Direct assessment of Tcore is often invasive, impractical on a large scale, and typically requires close contact between the observer and the target subject. Non-contact infrared thermometry (NCIT) represents a practical solution in which Tcore can potentially be assessed from a safe distance and in mass screening scenarios, by measuring skin temperature at specific anatomical locations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has clearly demonstrated that these devices are not being used correctly, despite expert guided specifications available in International Standard Organization (ISO) documents. In this review, we provide an overview of the most pertinent factors that should be considered by users of NCIT. This includes the most pertinent methodological and physiological factors, as well as an overview on the ability of NCIT to track human Tcore. For practical use, we provide a checklist based on relevant ISO standards which are simple to follow and should be consulted prior to using NCIT for assessment of human Tcore. Our intention is for users of NCIT to adopt this checklist, which may improve the performance of NCIT for its ability to track Tcore.
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Indirect core body temperature evaluation can achieve a high accuracy of ±0.03 °C.
“From these data, the internal core body temperature is evaluated with a high accuracy of ±0.03 °C [129,140,146,147,148,149].”
From The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables (2022) · cites this paper as [149]
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Evaluation of a new system to determine wireless real-time skin temperature
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Automatic Real-Time Fever Screening in a Thermal Video Surveillance System
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- Authors
- Foster, J., Lloyd, A. B., & Havenith, G.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Havenith, George
- Venue
- Temperature
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-04-26
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 306-319
- ISSN
- 2332-8940 (ISSN-L)
- 2332-8959
- PMC
- PMC8654479
- OpenAlex
- W3157224666
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Temperature (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (668786)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- core body temperature, skin temperature, fever screening, COVID-19 pandemic, ISO standards, mass screening
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