Penetration of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Through Rat and Human Skin In Vitro

Fasano, W. J.; Kennedy, G. L.; Szostek, B.; Farrar, D. G.; Ward, R. J.; Haroun, L.; Hinderliter, P. M.

doi:10.1081/dct-39707

Cited by 54Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchAdvancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Penetration of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Through Rat and Human Skin In Vitro

Fasano, W. J., Kennedy, G. L., Szostek, B., Farrar, D. G., Ward, R. J., Haroun, L., Hinderliter, P. M.·2005·Drug and Chemical Toxicology

DOI 10.1081/dct-39707

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Abstract

Rat and human epidermal membranes were mounted onto in vitro diffusion cells with an exposure area of 0.64 cm2, and skin integrity was confirmed using electrical impedance. Following membrane selection, Fluorad FC-118, a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (AFPO), was applied to the epidermal surface of each skin replicate at approximately 150 microL/cm2 and the donor chamber opening occluded with Parafilm. Serial receptor fluid samples were collected hourly from 1 to 6 h and at 12, 24, 30, and 48 h and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for APFO anion (PFO-). For rat skin, the time to steady-state penetration (6500+/-3000 ng APFO x cm(-2) x h(-1)) occurred in less than 12 h, which was sustained until termination (48 h). Based on the concentration of the applied test material, the permeability coefficient (Kp) for APFO in rat skin was calculated to be 3.25+/-1.51 x 10(-5) cm/h. By end of the 48-h exposure period, only a small portion of the total APFO applied (1.44+/-1.13%) had penetrated through rat skin. For human skin, steady-state penetration of APFO (190+/-57 ng APFO x cm(-2) x h(-1)) was reached by 12 h. Based on the concentration of the applied test material, the permeability coefficient for APFO in human skin was calculated to be 9.49+/-2.86 x 10(-7) cm/h. By the end of the 48-h exposure period, only a negligible amount of the total APFO applied (0.048+/-0.01%) had penetrated through human skin. Thus, under infinite dose and occlusive conditions, the steady-state penetration of APFO from a 20% solution was approximately 34-fold faster through rat skin than human skin.

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Dermal exposure to PFCAs has, thus far, been considered negligible relative to contributions from dietary intake, drinking water and ingestion of house dust according to current human exposure assessments.
“Dermal exposure to PFCAs has, thus far, been considered negligible relative to contributions from dietary intake, drinking water and ingestion of house dust according to current human exposure assessments.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fluorine mass balance in cosmetic products from the Swedish market: implications for environmental emissions and human exposure (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
These exposure assessments have not considered the potential contribution of cosmetic products towards dermal uptake due to the lack of measurement data.
“However, these exposure assessments have not considered the potential contribution of CPs towards dermal uptake due to the lack of measurement data.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fluorine mass balance in cosmetic products from the Swedish market: implications for environmental emissions and human exposure (2018) · cites this paper as [48]

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Dermal bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances using in vitro 3D human skin equivalent models
Ragnarsdóttir, O., Abdallah, M. A., & Harrad, S. J. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108772 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Authors: Fasano, W. J., Kennedy, G. L., Szostek, B., Farrar, D. G., Ward, R. J., Haroun, L., & Hinderliter, P. M.
Affiliations: DuPont (United States) (US)
Ineos (United Kingdom) (GB)
Syngenta (United Kingdom) (GB)
ORCID: Kennedy, G. L.
Venue: Drug and Chemical Toxicology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 79-90
ISSN: 0148-0545 (ISSN-L)
1525-6014
DOI: 10.1081/dct-39707
OpenAlex: W2087195411
Cited by: 54
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3
FWCI: 1.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Drug and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords: ammonium perfluorooctanoate, perfluorinated compounds, skin permeation, rat skin, human skin
MeSH terms: Animals, Caprylates, Epidermis, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Kinetics, Permeability, Skin Absorption, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, In Vitro Techniques

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Penetration of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Through Rat and Human Skin In Vitro

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