The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line.
Open accessAbstract
In contrast to mouse epidermal cells, human skin keratinocytes are rather resistant to transformation in vitro. Immortalization has been achieved by SV40 but has resulted in cell lines with altered differentiation. We have established a spontaneously transformed human epithelial cell line from adult skin, which maintains full epidermal differentiation capacity. This HaCaT cell line is obviously immortal (greater than 140 passages), has a transformed phenotype in vitro (clonogenic on plastic and in agar) but remains nontumorigenic. Despite the altered and unlimited growth potential, HaCaT cells, similar to normal keratinocytes, reform an orderly structured and differentiated epidermal tissue when transplanted onto nude mice. Differentiation-specific keratins (Nos. 1 and 10) and other markers (involucrin and filaggrin) are expressed and regularly located. Thus, HaCaT is the first permanent epithelial cell line from adult human skin that exhibits normal differentiation and provides a promising tool for studying regulation of keratinization in human cells. On karyotyping this line is aneuploid (initially hypodiploid) with unique stable marker chromosomes indicating monoclonal origin. The identity of the HaCaT line with the tissue of origin was proven by DNA fingerprinting using hypervariable minisatellite probes. This is the first demonstration that the DNA fingerprint pattern is unaffected by long-term cultivation, transformation, and multiple chromosomal alterations, thereby offering a unique possibility for unequivocal identification of human cell lines. The characteristics of the HaCaT cell line clearly document that spontaneous transformation of human adult keratinocytes can occur in vitro and is associated with sequential chromosomal alterations, though not obligatorily linked to major defects in differentiation.
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“The HaCaT [34], HUVEC [35], SV-HUC-1[36], and hEM15A cell lines established from immortalized human skin cutis cells, umbilical cords, ureteral epithelium and endometrial stromal cells were totally free from cross-contamination.”
From Investigation of Cross-Contamination and Misidentification of 278 Widely Used Tumor Cell Lines (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
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“This cell line is immortal (>140 passages) but remains nontumorigenic, and it is aneuploid (hypotetraploid) with unique stable marker chromosomes indicating monoclonal origin [40].”
From The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV‐B‐Irradiated Human Keratinocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Boukamp, P., Petrussevska, R. T., Breitkreutz, D., Hornung, J., Markham, A., & Fusenig, N. E.
- Affiliations
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Venue
- The Journal of cell biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1988-03-01
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 761-771
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2115116
- OpenAlex
- W2143464311
- Cited by
- 4,170
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 103 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 136 · 2016: 147 · 2015: 148 · 2014: 157 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 152
- FWCI
- 9.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Keywords
- human keratinocytes, spontaneous immortalization, aneuploidy, epidermal differentiation, keratinization, keratin 1, keratin 10, involucrin, filaggrin, cell line identification, DNA fingerprinting, minisatellite markers, chromosomal abnormalities, karyology
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Filaggrin Proteins, Aneuploidy, Calcium, Cell Division, Cell Line, Transformed, Chromosomes, Human, DNA, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Karyotyping, Keratins, Male, Middle Aged, Temperature
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