The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Becoming a Consumer Society: A Longitudinal and Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Print Ads from Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan
Abstract
Results of a longitudinal study of ads from Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Taiwan depict distinctive consumer cultures. PRC ads emphasize utilitarian appeals, promise a better life, and focus on states of being as a consumption theme. Hong Kong ads stress hedonistic values, promise easier and American lifestyles, and focus on doing. Taiwan ads fall between these two extremes, but are converging toward Hong Kong ads in consumption appeals over time. PRC ads, presumably anchored by remnants of an anti-materialistic political ideology, seem to chart a different trend.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1997) · Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language · doi:10.4135/9781446221815.n7 · Cited by 15,148
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies
Swidler, A. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095521 · Cited by 8,661
Wallerstein, I. M. (2010) · University of Michigan Library Repository · doi:10.14288/1.0102827 · Cited by 2,505
Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities
Belk, R. W., & McCracken, G. (1989) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251348 · Cited by 1,142
Self-citationCulture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities
Mccracken, G. (1990) · doi:10.2979/1450.0 · Cited by 1,058
The Distorted Mirror: Reflections on the Unintended Consequences of Advertising
Pollay, R. W. (1986) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298605000202 · Cited by 432
A Woman's Place: An Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements
Courtney, A. E., & Lockeretz, S. W. (1971) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377100800114 · Cited by 374
Measuring the Cultural Values Manifest in Advertising
Pollay, R. W. (2012) · Current Issues and Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/01633392.1983.10505333 · Cited by 292
Mirror, Mirror, on the Wall, What's Unfair in the Reflections on Advertising?
Holbrook, M. B. (1987) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298705100307 · Cited by 207
Cited by
Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209376 · Cited by 6,020
Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research
Arnould, E. J., & Thompson, C. J. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/426626 · Cited by 3,677
Exploring consumer status and conspicuous consumption
O'Cass, A., & McEwen, H. (2004) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.155 · Cited by 936
The Effects of Culture and Socioeconomics on the Performance of Global Brand Image Strategies
Roth, M. S. (1995) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224379503200204 · Cited by 573
Methodological issues in cross‐cultural marketing research: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Malhotra, N. K., Agarwal, J., & Peterson, M. (1996) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651339610131379 · Cited by 512
Metadata
- Authors
- Tse, D. K., Belk, R. W., & Zhou, N.
- Venue
- Journal of Consumer Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 457
- ISSN
- 0093-5301 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5277
- OpenAlex
- W2005807934
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 18.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Becoming a Consumer Society: A Longitudinal and Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Print Ads from Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/209185
- The paper
- Tse, D. K., Belk, R. W., & Zhou, N. (1989). Becoming a Consumer Society: A Longitudinal and Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Print Ads from Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan. Journal of Consumer Research. https://doi.org/10.1086/209185
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
