BROKEN AND UNBROKEN: THE MILKY WAY AND M31 STELLAR HALOS
Open accessAbstract
We use the Bullock & Johnston suite of simulations to study the density profiles of L *-type galaxy stellar halos. Observations of the Milky Way and M31 stellar halos show contrasting results: the Milky Way has a "broken" profile, where the density falls off more rapidly beyond ∼25 kpc, while M31 has a smooth profile out to 100 kpc with no obvious break. Simulated stellar halos, built solely by the accretion of dwarf galaxies, also exhibit this behavior: some halos have breaks, while others do not. The presence or absence of a break in the stellar halo profile can be related to the accretion history of the galaxy. We find that a break radius is strongly related to the buildup of stars at apocenters. We relate these findings to observations, and find that the "break" in the Milky Way density profile is likely associated with a relatively early (∼6–9 Gyr ago) and massive accretion event. In contrast, the absence of a break in the M31 stellar halo profile suggests that its accreted satellites have a wide range of apocenters. Hence, it is likely that M31 has had a much more prolonged accretion history than the Milky Way.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is a break in the density profile of the Galactic stellar halo at a distance of ∼20-25 kpc from the Galactic center.
“Several authors, including Watkins et al. (2009) and Deason et al. (2013), have reported the presence of a break in the density profile of the Galactic stellar halo at a distance of ∼20-25 kpc from the Galactic center.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Deason et al. (2013)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS. I. Stellar Number Density Distribution
Jurić, M., Ivezić, Ž., Brooks, A. M., Lupton, R. H., Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., Padmanabhan, N., Bond, N., Sesar, B., Rockosi, C. M., et al. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/523619 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos. I. Methods
Bullock, J. S., & Johnston, K. V. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/497422 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Field of Streams: Sagittarius and Its Siblings
Belokurov, V. A., Zucker, D. B., Evans, N. W., Gilmore, G. F., Vidrih, S., Bramich, D. M., Newberg, H. J., Wyse, R. F. Ġ., Irwin, M. J., Fellhauer, M., et al. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/504797 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky Way
Newberg, H. J., Yanny, B., Rockosi, C., Grebel, E. K., Rix, H., Brinkmann, J., Csabai, I., Hennessy, G., Hindsley, R. B., Ibata, R., et al. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/338983 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
McConnachie, A. W., Irwin, M. J., Ibata, R., Dubinski, J., Widrow, L. M., Martin, N. F., Côté, P., Dotter, A., Navarro, J. F., Ferguson, A. M. N., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08327 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Galactic stellar haloes in the CDM model
Cooper, A. P., Cole, S., Frenk, C. S., White, S. D. M., Helly, J., Benson, A. J., De Lucia, G., Helmi, A., Jenkins, A., Navarro, J. F., et al. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16740.x · Cited by 594 · see citing works
A giant stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of the galaxy M31
Ibata, R., Irwin, M., Lewis, G., Ferguson, A. M. N., & Tanvir, N. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35083506 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XVIII
Bohlender, D., Durand, D., & Dowler, P. (2009) · Cited by 457 · see citing works
The Accretion Origin of the Milky Way’s Stellar Halo
Bell, E. F., Zucker, D. B., Belokurov, V. A., Sharma, S., Johnston, K. V., Bullock, J. S., Hogg, D. W., Jahnkę, K., de Jong, J. T. A., Beers, T. C., et al. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/588032 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citation1 The Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky WayPreprint
Newberg, H. J., Yanny, B., Rockosi, C. M., Grebel, E. K., Rix, H. W., Brinkmann, J., Csabai, I., Hennessy, G. S., Hindsley, R. B., Ibata, R., et al. (2001) · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Johnston, K. V., Bullock, J. S., Sharma, S., Font, A., Robertson, B. E., & Leitner, S. N. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/592228 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for Stellar Substructure in the Halo and Outer Disk of M31
Ferguson, A. M. N., Irwin, M. J., Ibata, R., Lewis, G. F., & Tanvir, N. R. (2002) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/342019 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
The Haunted Halos of Andromeda and Triangulum: A Panorama of Galaxy Formation in Action
Ibata, R., Martin, N. F., Irwin, M., Chapman, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Lewis, G. F., & McConnachie, A. W. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/522574 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Yanny, B., Newberg, H. J., Kent, S., Laurent‐Muehleisen, S. A., Pier, J. R., Richards, G. T., Stoughton, C., Anderson, J. E., Annis, J., Brinkmann, J., et al. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/309386 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Sagittarius: the nearest dwarf galaxy
Ibata, R., Gilmore, G. F., & Irwin, M. (1995) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/277.3.781 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
THE DUAL ORIGIN OF STELLAR HALOS
Zolotov, A., Willman, B., Brooks, A. M., Governato, F., Brook, C. B., Hogg, D. W., Quinn, T., & Stinson, G. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/702/2/1058 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The Milky Way stellar halo out to 40 kpc: squashed, broken but smooth
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V. A., & Evans, N. W. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19237.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationA Prescription for Building the Milky Way's Halo from Disrupted Satellites
Johnston, K. V. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305273 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationCosmological simulations of the formation of the stellar haloes around disc galaxies
Font, A. S., McCarthy, I. G., Crain, R. A., Theuns, T., Schaye, J., Wiersma, R. P. C., & Vecchia, C. D. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19227.x · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Substructure revealed by RR Lyraes in SDSS Stripe 82
Watkins, L. L., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V., Smith, M. C., Hewett, P. C., Bramich, D. M., Gilmore, G. F., Irwin, M. J., Vidrih, S., Wyrzykowski, Ł., et al. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15242.x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for Stellar Substructure in the Halo and Outer Disk of M31
Ferguson, A., Irwin, M., Ibata, R., Lewis, G., & Tanvir, N. R. (2002) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Λ Cold Dark Matter, Stellar Feedback, and the Galactic Halo Abundance Pattern
Robertson, B. E., Bullock, J. S., Font, A. S., Johnston, K. V., & Hernquist, L. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/452619 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE LUMINOSITY PROFILE AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY
Courteau, S., Widrow, L. M., McDonald, M., Guhathakurta, P., Gilbert, K. M., Zhu, Y., Beaton, R. L., & Majewski, S. R. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/739/1/20 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
PAndAS’ PROGENY: EXTENDING THE M31 DWARF GALAXY CABAL
Richardson, J. C., Irwin, M. J., McConnachie, A. W., Martin, N. F., Dotter, A., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ibata, R., Chapman, S. C., Lewis, G. F., Tanvir, N. R., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/732/2/76 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Metal‐poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31)
Kalirai, J. S., Gilbert, K. M., Guhathakurta, P., Majewski, S. R., Ostheimer, J. C., Rich, R. M., Cooper, M. C., Reitzel, D. B., & Patterson, R. J. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/505697 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Belokurov, V. A., Evans, N. W., Bell, E. F., Irwin, M. J., Hewett, P. C., Koposov, S. E., Rockosi, C. M., Gilmore, G. F., Zucker, D. B., Fellhauer, M., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/513144 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, T. M., Smith, E., Ferguson, H. C., Rich, R. M., Guhathakurta, P., Renzini, A., Sweigart, A. V., & Kimble, R. A. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/508015 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Sesar, B., Jurić, M., & Ivezić, Ž. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/731/1/4 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
QUANTIFYING KINEMATIC SUBSTRUCTURE IN THE MILKY WAY'S STELLAR HALO
Xue, X.-X., Rix, H., Yanny, B., Beers, T. C., Bell, E. F., Zhao, G., Bullock, J. S., Johnston, K. V., Morrison, H., Rockosi, C. M., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/738/1/79 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationA Minor-Axis Surface Brightness Profile for M31
Irwin, M. J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ibata, R., Lewis, G. F., & Tanvir, N. R. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/432718 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Phase‐Space Distributions of Chemical Abundances in Milky Way–Type Galaxy Halos
Font, A. S., Johnston, K. V., Bullock, J. S., & Robertson, B. E. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/505131 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationGLOBAL PROPERTIES OF M31'S STELLAR HALO FROM THE SPLASH SURVEY. I. SURFACE BRIGHTNESS PROFILE
Gilbert, K. M., Guhathakurta, P., Beaton, R. L., Bullock, J. S., Geha, M., Kalirai, J. S., Kirby, E. N., Majewski, S. R., Ostheimer, J. C., Patterson, R. J., et al. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/76 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Rotation of halo populations in the Milky Way and M31
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V. A., & Evans, N. W. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17785.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationFaint surface photometry of the halo of M31
Pritchet, C. J., & van den Bergh, S. (1994) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116981 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Kinematic and Chemical Constraints on the Formation of M31’s Inner and Outer Halo
Koch, A., Rich, R. M., Reitzel, D. B., Martin, N. F., Ibata, R., Chapman, S. C., Majewski, S. R., Mori, M., Loh, Y., Ostheimer, J. C., et al. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/592373 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gilbert, K. M., Fardal, M. A., Kalirai, J., Guhathakurta, P., Geha, M., Isler, J., Majewski, S. R., Ostheimer, J. C., Patterson, R. J., Reitzel, D. B., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/521094 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Photometry and the Metallicity Distribution of the Outer Halo of M31. II. The 30 Kiloparsec Field
Durrell, P. R., Harris, W. E., & Pritchet, C. J. (2004) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/421746 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Identifying Contributions To The Stellar Halo From Accreted, Kicked-Out, And In Situ Populations
Patterson, R. J. (2016) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · doi:10.15781/t2nv5g · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Milky Way's stellar halo - lumpy or triaxial?
Newberg, H. J., & Yanny, B. (2006) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/47/1/024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Binney, J., & Tremaine, S. 1987, Galactic Dynamics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press), 747
- Guhathakurta, P., Ostheimer, J. C., Gilbert, K. M., et al. 2005, arXiv:0502366
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Gerhard, O. (2016) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441 · Cited by 1,656 · see citing works
Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk
Bensby, T., Feltzing, S., & Oey, M. S. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322631 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Co-formation of the disc and the stellar halo★
Belokurov, V, Erkal, D., Evans, N. W., Koposov, S. E., & Deason, A. J. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty982 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Self-citationRodríguez-Gómez, V., Pillepich, A., Sales, L. V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., Zhu, Q., Wellons, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Springel, V., et al. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw456 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Bensby, T., Feltzing, S., & Oey, M. S. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1309.2631 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure
Naidu, R. P., Conroy, C., Bonaca, A., Johnson, B. D., 丁, Y.-S. 源. T., Caldwell, N., Zaritsky, D., & Cargile, P. A. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
The formation and assembly history of the Milky Way revealed by its globular cluster population
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Bastian, N. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1609 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., Fattahi, A., Smith, M. C., Deason, A. J., Evans, N. W., & Grand, R. J. J. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa876 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Self-citationMackereth, J. T., Schiavon, R. P., Pfeffer, J., Hayes, C. R., Bovy, J., Anguiano, B., Prieto, C. A., Hasselquist, S., Holtzman, J., Johnson, J. A., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2955 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Ibata, R., Lewis, G. F., McConnachie, A. W., Martin, N. F., Irwin, M. J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Babul, A., Bernard, E. J., Chapman, S. C., Collins, M., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/780/2/128 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Chevance, M., Bonaca, A., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Bastian, N., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Hughes, M. E. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2452 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
THE EXTENDED HALO OF CENTAURUS A: UNCOVERING SATELLITES, STREAMS, AND SUBSTRUCTURES*
Crnojević, D., Sand, D. J., Spekkens, K., Caldwell, N., Guhathakurta, P., McLeod, B. A., Seth, A. C., Simon, J. D., Strader, J., & Toloba, E. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/823/1/19 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Myeong, G. C., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V., Sanders, J. L., & Koposov, S. E. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad7f7 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom dawn till disc: Milky Way’s turbulent youth revealed by the APOGEE+ Gaia data
Belokurov, V. A., & Kravtsov, A. V. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1267 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationGaia Reveals a Metal-rich, in situ Component of the Local Stellar Halo
Bonaca, A., Conroy, C., Wetzel, A., Hopkins, P. F., & Kereš, D. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7d0c · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Monachesi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Simpson, C. M., Kauffmann, G., Bustamante, S., Marinacci, F., Pakmor, R., Springel, V., Frenk, C. S., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz538 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
THE FORNAX DEEP SURVEY WITH VST. I. THE EXTENDED AND DIFFUSE STELLAR HALO OF NGC 1399 OUT TO 192 kpc
Iodice, E., Capaccioli, M., Grado, A., Limatola, L., Spavone, M., Napolitano, N. R., Paolillo, M., Peletier, R. F., Cantiello, M., Lisker, T., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/820/1/42 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Contributions to the accreted stellar halo: an atlas of stellar deposition
Amorisco, N. C. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2229 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Myeong, G., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., & Koposov, S. E. (2018) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.46982 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationPillepich, A., Vogelsberger, M., Deason, A. J., Rodríguez-Gómez, V., Genel, S., Nelson, D., Torrey, P., Sales, L. V., Marinacci, F., Springel, V., et al. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1408 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for an Intermediate-mass Milky Way from<i>Gaia</i>DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions
Watkins, L. L., van der Marel, R. P., Sohn, S. T., & Wyn Evans, N. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab089f · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationOverview of the DESI Milky Way Survey
Cooper, A. P., Koposov, S. E., Prieto, C. A., Manser, C. J., Kizhuprakkat, N., Myers, A. D., Dey, A. T., Gänsicke, B. T., Li, T. S., Rockosi, C. M., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb3c0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping the Stellar Halo with the H3 Spectroscopic Survey
Conroy, C., Bonaca, A., Cargile, P., Johnson, B., Caldwell, N., Naidu, R., Zaritsky, D., Fabricant, D., Moran, S., Rhee, J., et al. (2019) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab38b8 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Merritt, A., van Dokkum, P., Abraham, R. G., & Zhang, J. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/830/2/62 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Ages and kinematics of chemically selected, accreted Milky Way halo stars
Das, P., Hawkins, K., & Jofré, P. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3537 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Dynamical Relics of the Ancient Galactic Halo
Yuan, Z., Myeong, G. C., Beers, T. C., Evans, N. W., Lee, Y. S., Banerjee, P., Gudin, D., Hattori, K., Li, H., Matsuno, T., et al. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6ef7 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationThe total stellar halo mass of the Milky Way
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., & Sanders, J. L. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2793 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationThe shape of the Galactic halo with<i>Gaia</i>DR2 RR Lyrae. Anatomy of an ancient major merger
Iorio, G., & Belokurov, V. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2806 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationApocenter Pile-up: Origin of the Stellar Halo Density Break
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Koposov, S. E., & Lancaster, L. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad0ee · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., Han, J., Cautun, M., Li, Z., & Ishigaki, M. N. (2020) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-019-1541-6 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J., Crain, R. A., & Bastian, N. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz968 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
The origin of galactic metal-rich stellar halo components with highly eccentric orbits
Fattahi, A., Belokurov, V. A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Marinacci, F., Pakmor, R., & Springel, V. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz159 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationDiverse stellar haloes in nearby Milky Way mass disc galaxies
Harmsen, B., Monachesi, A., Bell, E. F., de Jong, R. S., Bailin, J., Radburn-Smith, D. J., & Holwerda, B. W. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2992 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Deason, A. J., Mao, Y.-Y., & Wechsler, R. H. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/821/1/5 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationThe origin of the Milky Way globular clusters
Renaud, F., Agertz, O., & Gieles, M. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2969 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Discovery of new retrograde substructures: the shards of ω Centauri?
Myeong, G., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., & Koposov, S. E. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1403 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimating the dark matter halo mass of our Milky Way using dynamical tracers
Wang, W., Han, J., Cooper, A. P., Cole, S., Frenk, C., & Lowing, B. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1647 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Clouds, Streams and Bridges. Redrawing the blueprint of the Magellanic System with Gaia DR1
Belokurov, V. A., Erkal, D., Deason, A. J., Koposov, S. E., Angeli, F. D., Evans, D. W., Fraternali, F., & Mackey, D. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3357 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationMonachesi, A., Bell, E. F., Radburn-Smith, D. J., Bailin, J., de Jong, R. S., Holwerda, B. W., Streich, D., & Silverstein, G. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2987 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Inferred Evidence for Dark Matter Kinematic Substructure with SDSS–Gaia
Necib, L., Lisanti, M., & Belokurov, V. A. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab095b · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationWeighing the stellar constituents of the galactic halo with APOGEE red giant stars
Mackereth, J. T., & Bovy, J. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa047 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Chemo-kinematics of the Gaia RR Lyrae: the halo and the disc
Iorio, G., & Belokurov, V. A. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab005 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationGalactic Archaeology: The dwarfs that survived and perished
Belokurov, V. A. (2013) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2013.07.001 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationDiscovery of ∼9000 new RR Lyrae in the southern Catalina surveys
Torrealba, G., Catelan, M., Drake, A. J., Djorgovski, S. G., McNaught, R. H., Belokurov, V. A., Koposov, S. E., Graham, M. J., Mahabal, A. A., Larson, S. M., et al. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2274 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ISLAndS Project. II. The Lifetime Star Formation Histories of Six Andromeda dSphs*
Skillman, E. D., Monelli, M., Weisz, D. R., Hidalgo, S. L., Aparicio, A., Bernard, E. J., Boylan-Kolchin, M., Cassisi, S., Cole, A. A., Dolphin, A. E., et al. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c5 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Feuillet, D. K., Sahlholdt, C., Feltzing, S., & Casagrande, L. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2614 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The halo’s ancient metal-rich progenitor revealed with BHB stars
Lancaster, L., Koposov, S. E., Belokurov, V. A., Evans, N. W., & Deason, A. J. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz853 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationThe artemis simulations: stellar haloes of Milky Way-mass galaxies
Font, A. S., McCarthy, I. G., Poole-McKenzie, R., Stafford, S. G., Brown, S. T., Schaye, J., Crain, R. A., Theuns, T., & Schaller, M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2463 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey
Spavone, M., Capaccioli, M., Napolitano, N. R., Iodice, E., Grado, A., Limatola, L., Cooper, A. P., Cantiello, M., Forbes, D. A., Paolillo, M., et al. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629111 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
TOUCHING THE VOID: A STRIKING DROP IN STELLAR HALO DENSITY BEYOND 50 kpc
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V. A., Koposov, S. E., & Rockosi, C. M. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/787/1/30 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationBulge Formation via Mergers in Cosmological Simulations
Brooks, A. M., & Christensen, C. (2015) · Astrophysics and space science library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19378-6_12 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The first all-sky view of the Milky Way stellar halo with Gaia+2MASS RR Lyrae
Iorio, G., Belokurov, V. A., Erkal, D., Koposov, S. E., Nipoti, C., & Fraternali, F. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2819 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationGalactic Archaeology with Gaia
Deason, A. J., & Belokurov, V. A. (2024) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2024.101706 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Fornax Deep Survey with VST
Spavone, M., Iodice, E., van de Ven, G., Falcón‐Barroso, J., Raj, M. A., Hilker, M., Peletier, R. F., Capaccioli, M., Mieske, S., Venhola, A., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038015 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Amarante, J. A. S., Debattista, V. P., Silva, L. J. B. E., Laporte, C. F. P., & Deg, N. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b0d · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Nitrogen enrichment and clustered star formation at the dawn of the Galaxy
Belokurov, V. A., & Kravtsov, A. V. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2241 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationBalancing mass and momentum in the Local Group
Diaz, J. D., Koposov, S. E., Irwin, M. J., Belokurov, V. A., & Evans, N. W. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1210 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationMilky Way's Eccentric Constituents with Gaia, APOGEE, and GALAH
Myeong, G., Belokurov, V. A., Aguado, D. S., Evans, N. W., Caldwell, N., & Bradley, J. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8d68 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Gaia-ESO Survey: a quiescent Milky Way with no significant dark/stellar accreted disc★
Ruchti, G. R., Read, J. I., Feltzing, S., Serenelli, A. M., McMillan, P. J., LIND, K., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Asplund, M., Vallenari, A., et al. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv807 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Common origin for Hercules-Aquila and Virgo Clouds in<i>Gaia</i>DR2
Simion, I. T., Belokurov, V., & Koposov, S. E. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2744 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying the Stellar Halo's Response to the LMC's Infall with Spherical Harmonics
Cunningham, E. C., Garavito-Camargo, N., Deason, A. J., Johnston, K. V., Erkal, D., Laporte, C. F. P., Besla, G., Luger, R., & Sanderson, R. E. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9b88 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationAnisotropy of the Milky Way’s Stellar Halo Using K Giants from LAMOST and Gaia
Bird, S., Xue, X.-X., Liu, C., Shen, J., Flynn, C., & Yang, C. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aafd2e · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Star Clusters in Evolving Galaxies
Renaud, F. (2018) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Deason, A. J., Fattahi, A., Frenk, C. S., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Garrison-Kimmel, S., Simpson, C. M., & Navarro, J. F. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1711 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationThe progenitors of the Milky Way stellar halo: big bricks favoured over little bricks
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V. A., & Weisz, D. R. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE VELOCITY ANISOTROPY OF DISTANT MILKY WAY HALO STARS FROMHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEPROPER MOTIONS
Deason, A. J., van der Marel, R. P., Guhathakurta, P., Sohn, S. T., & Brown, T. M. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/766/1/24 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerge : Empirical predictions of galaxy merger rates since z ∼ 6
O’Leary, J. A., Moster, B. P., Naab, T., & Somerville, R. S. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3746 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Merger-induced galaxy transformations in the artemis simulations
Dillamore, A. M., Belokurov, V. A., Font, A. S., & McCarthy, I. G. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1038 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationGillet, N., Ocvirk, P., Aubert, D., Knebe, A., Libeskind, N. I., Yepes, G., Gottlöber, S., & Hoffman, Y. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/800/1/34 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Stellar halos in Illustris: probing the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies
Elias, L. M., Sales, L. V., Creasey, P. E., Cooper, M. C., Bullock, J. S., Rich, R. M., & Hernquist, L. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1718 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Merritt, A., Pillepich, A., van Dokkum, P., Nelson, D., Hernquist, L., Marinacci, F., & Vogelsberger, M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1164 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bird, S., Xue, X.-X., Liu, C., Shen, J., Flynn, C., Yang, C., Zhao, G., & Tian, H.-J. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfa9e · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Font, A. S., McCarthy, I. G., & Belokurov, V. A. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1332 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationA “LIGHT,” CENTRALLY CONCENTRATED MILKY WAY HALO?
Rashkov, V., Pillepich, A., Deason, A. J., Madau, P., Rockosi, C. M., Guedes, J., & Mayer, L. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/773/2/l32 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationDiscovery of Distant RR Lyrae Stars in the Milky Way Using DECam
Medina, G. E., Muñoz, R. R., Vivas, A. K., Carlin, J. L., Förster, F., Martínez-Palomera, J., Galbany, L., González-Gaitán, S., Hamuy, M., de Jaeger, T., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaad02 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Unmixing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae tagging
Belokurov, V. A., Deason, A. J., Koposov, S. E., Catelan, M., Erkal, D., Drake, A. J., & Evans, N. W. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty615 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBose, S., Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V. A., & Frenk, C. S. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1199 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Milky Way’s Shell Structure Reveals the Time of a Radial Collision
Donlon, T., Newberg, H. J., Sanderson, R. E., & Widrow, L. M. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb5f6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gillet, N., Ocvirk, P., Aubert, D., Knebe, A., Libeskind, N. I., Yepes, G., Hoffman, Y., & Gottlöber, S. (2015) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Energy wrinkles and phase-space folds of the last major merger
Belokurov, V. A., Vasiliev, E., Deason, A. J., Koposov, S. E., Fattahi, A., Dillamore, A. M., Davies, E. Y., & Grand, R. J. J. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3436 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamics of astrophysical objects against the cosmological background
Eingorn, M., Kudinova, A., & Zhuk, A. (2013) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/04/010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Jofré, P., Das, P., Bertranpetit, J., & Foley, R. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx075 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Creating mock catalogues of stellar haloes from cosmological simulations
Lowing, B., Wang, W., Cooper, A. P., Kennedy, R., Helly, J. C., Cole, S., & Frenk, C. S. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2257 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
ESTIMATING THE GALACTIC MASS PROFILE IN THE PRESENCE OF INCOMPLETE DATA
Eadie, G. M., Harris, W. E., & Widrow, L. M. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/54 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Metallicity bias in the kinematics of the Milky Way stellar halo
Kafle, P. R., Sharma, S., Lewis, G. F., & Bland‐Hawthorn, J. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt101 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mapping the Milky Way with LAMOST – II. The stellar halo
Xu, Y., Liu, C., Xue, X.-X., Newberg, H. J., Carlin, J. L., Xia, Q., Deng, L., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Hou, Y., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2361 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Spiniello, C., Napolitano, N. R., Arnaboldi, M., Tortora, C., Coccato, L., Capaccioli, M., Gerhard, O., Iodice, E., Spavone, M., Cantiello, M., et al. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty663 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The aftermath of the Great Collision between our Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud
Cautun, M., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., & McAlpine, S. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3084 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, M. A., Puzia, T. H., Muñoz, R. P., Mieske, S., Lançon, A., Zhang, H.-X., Eigenthaler, P., & Bovill, M. S. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The hunt for the Milky Way's accreted disc
Ruchti, G. R., Read, J. I., Feltzing, S., Pipino, A., & Bensby, T. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1435 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Substructure and Tidal Streams in the Andromeda Galaxy and its Satellites
Ferguson, A. M. N., & Mackey, D. (2015) · Astrophysics and space science library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19336-6_8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Distant Echoes of the Milky Way’s Last Major Merger
Chandra, V., Naidu, R. P., Conroy, C., Ji, A. P., Rix, H., Bonaca, A., Cargile, P. A., Han, J., Johnson, B. D., Ting, Y.-S., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/accf13 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
HALO7D II: The Halo Velocity Ellipsoid and Velocity Anisotropy with Distant Main-sequence Stars
Cunningham, E. C., Deason, A. J., Sanderson, R. E., Sohn, S. T., Anderson, J., Guhathakurta, P., Rockosi, C. M., van der Marel, R. P., Loebman, S., & Wetzel, A. R. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab24cd · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying RR Lyrae Variable Stars in Six Years of the Dark Energy Survey
Stringer, K. M., Drlica-Wagner, A., Macri, L., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., Vivas, A. K., Ferguson, P., Pace, A. B., Walker, A. R., Neilsen, E., Tavangar, K., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe873 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Evidence for sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia supernovae from the last major merger
Sanders, J. L., Belokurov, V. A., & Man, K. T. F. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1951 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationLoebman, S., Valluri, M., Hattori, K., Debattista, V. P., Bell, E. F., Stinson, G., Christensen, C., Brooks, A. M., Quinn, T. R., & Governato, F. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa0d6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhao, G., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-020-1645-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Local Stellar Halo is Not Dominated by a Single Radial Merger Event
Donlon, T., Newberg, H. J., Kim, B., & Lépine, S. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7531 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
VEGAS: a VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey
Iodice, E., Spavone, M., Cattapan, A., Bannikova, E. Y., Forbes, D. A., Rampazzo, R., Ciroi, S., Corsini, E. M., D’Ago, G., Oosterloo, T. A., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936435 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Evans, N. W., & Johnston, K. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2013-01-16
- Volume
- 763
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1985952501
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS 526555)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 26555)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H00243X/1, ST/F00723X/1, ST/K000985/1, ST/J001538/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- Milky Way stellar halo, dwarf galaxy accretion, accretion history, N-body simulations, satellite galaxies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
