The origin of accreted stellar halo populations in the Milky Way using APOGEE, Gaia , and the EAGLE simulations
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The majority of low-eccentricity stars with high [Mg/Fe], low metallicity, and retrograde motions identified by Mackereth et al. (2019) overlap with those from Thamnos.
“The majority of the low-eccentricity stars with high [Mg/Fe], low metallicity, and retrograde motions identified by Mackereth et al. (2019) overlap with those from Thamnos.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Mackereth et al. (2019)
Section 3.2 (pp. 10–11) identifies low-eccentricity stars on retrograde orbits, and Section 3.1.2 (p. 9) reports that the low-eccentricity group has relatively higher [Mg/Fe]. The paper does not identify these stars as Thamnos or establish that a majority overlap with it. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe lower-energy region with stars of low eccentricity and high [Mg/Fe] would be associated with Thamnos.
“In either case, the lower-energy region, with stars of low eccentricity and high [Mg/Fe] identified by Mackereth et al. (2019) and Koppelman et al. (2019a), would be associated with Thamnos.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Mackereth et al. (2019)
Mackereth et al. identify a low-eccentricity halo group with slightly higher [Mg/Fe] than the high-eccentricity group (Section 3, p. 6; Section 3.1.2, p. 9). The passages do not establish that this group occupies a lower-energy region. The association with Thamnos is phrased as the citing authors’ inference, not as a finding attributed to Mackereth et al. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOur predicted accretion redshifts largely satisfy the constraints obtained through independent methods.
“Relative to other measurements in the literature, our predicted accretion redshifts largely satisfy the constraints obtained through independent methods.”
From Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations (2020) · cites this paper as Mackereth et al. (2019)
The Summary and Conclusions (p. 15) compare the paper’s EAGLE-based estimate of an accretion around 8–9 Gyr ago with Helmi et al.’s estimate of approximately 10 Gyr ago, describing the timescales as potentially consistent. This supports a qualified comparison with an independent estimate, but the paper cannot establish that the citing authors’ own predicted accretion redshifts largely satisfy constraints from independent methods generally. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA similar amplitude mean retrograde motion has been reported by Mackereth et al. (2019) using APOGEE distances.
“A similar amplitude mean retrograde motion has been reported by Mackereth et al. (2019) using APOGEE distances.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Mackereth et al. 2019
Mackereth et al. (2019) provide an upper limit on the accretion redshift of z_acc < 1.5 (or t_acc < 9.5 Gyr).
“Mackereth et al. (2019) provide an upper limit on the accretion redshift of z acc < 1 : 5 (or t acc < 9 : 5 Gyr).”
From Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations (2020) · cites this paper as Mackereth et al. (2019)
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Target Selection For The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
Wilson, J. C. (2016) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.15781/t2d51w · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The age–metallicity structure of the Milky Way disc using APOGEE
Mackereth, J. T., Bovy, J., Schiavon, R. P., Zasowski, G., Cunha, K., Frinchaboy, P. M., Pérez, A. E. G., Hayden, M., Holtzman, J. A., Majewski, S. R., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1774 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationBROKEN AND UNBROKEN: THE MILKY WAY AND M31 STELLAR HALOS
Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Evans, N. W., & Johnston, K. V. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/763/2/113 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Contributions to the accreted stellar halo: an atlas of stellar deposition
Amorisco, N. C. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2229 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Inflow, Outflow, Yields, and Stellar Population Mixing in Chemical Evolution Models
Andrews, B. H., Weinberg, D. H., Schönrich, R. A., & Johnson, J. A. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/224 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE SDSS-III APOGEE SPECTRAL LINE LIST FOR H -BAND SPECTROSCOPY
Shetrone, M. D., Bizyaev, D., Lawler, J. E., Prieto, C. A., Johnson, J. A., Smith, V. V., Cunha, K., Holtzman, J., Pérez, A. E. G., Mészáros, S., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/221/2/24 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationOne Large Blob and Many Streams Frosting the nearby Stellar Halo in Gaia DR2
Koppelman, H. H., Helmi, A., & Veljanoski, J. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aac882 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Myeong, G., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., & Koposov, S. E. (2018) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.46982 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Masseron, T., & Gilmore, G. F. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1731 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Jönsson, H., Prieto, C. A., Holtzman, J. A., Feuillet, D. K., Hawkins, K., Cunha, K., Mészáros, S., Hasselquist, S., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., García-Hernández, D. A., et al. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad4f5 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationHayes, C. R., Majewski, S. R., Shetrone, M. D., Fernández-Alvar, E., Prieto, C. A., Schuster, W. J., Carigi, L., Cunha, K., Smith, V. V., Sobeck, J. S., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9cec · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring the vertical age structure of the Galactic disc using asteroseismology and SAGA★
Casagrande, L., Aguirre, V. S., Schlesinger, K. J., Stello, D., Huber, D., Serenelli, A. M., Schönrich, R. A., Cassisi, S., Pietrinferni, A., Hodgkin, S. T., et al. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2320 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
NEW H-BAND STELLAR SPECTRAL LIBRARIES FOR THE SDSS-III/APOGEE SURVEY
Zamora, O., García-Hernández, D. A., Prieto, C. A., Carrera, R., Koesterke, L., Edvardsson, B., Castelli, F., Plez, B., Bizyaev, D., Cunha, K., et al. (2015) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/6/181 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationThe SDSS-III APOGEE Spectral Line List for H-band Spectroscopy
Shetrone, M. D., Bizyaev, D., Lawler, J. E., Prieto, C. A., Johnson, J. A., Smith, V. V., Cunha, K., Holtzman, J., Perez, A. G., Mészáros, S., et al. (2015) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.15781/t2xd0r11m · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationWilson, J. C., Hearty, F., Skrutskie, M. F., Majewski, S. R., Schiavon, R. P., Eisenstein, D. J., Gunn, J., Blank, B., Henderson, C., Smee, S. A., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.856708 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationIt is not easy being green: the evolution of galaxy colour in the EAGLE simulation
Trayford, J. W., Theuns, T., Bower, R. G., Crain, R. A., Lagos, C. D. P., Schaller, M., & Schaye, J. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1230 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Equilibrium and Sudden Events in Chemical Evolution
Weinberg, D. H., Andrews, B. H., & Freudenburg, J. K. C. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/837/2/183 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood
Schuster, W. J., Moreno, E., Nissen, P. E., & Pichardo, B. (2011) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118035 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Halo substructure in the SDSS--Gaia catalogue: streams and clumps
Myeong, G., Evans, N. W., Belokurov, V. A., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3262 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Rubele, S., Pastorelli, G., Girardi, L., et al. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1279 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Zamora, O. (2016) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.15781/t2zr70 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
THE VERTICAL MOTIONS OF MONO-ABUNDANCE SUB-POPULATIONS IN THE MILKY WAY DISK
Bovy, J., Rix, H., Hogg, D. W., Beers, T. C., Lee, Y. S., & Zhang, L. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/755/2/115 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationSpectro-photometric distances to stars: A general purpose Bayesian approach
Santiago, B. X., Brauer, D. E., Anders, F., Chiappini, C., Queiroz, A. B. A., Girardi, L., Rocha–Pinto, H. J., Balbinot, E., da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., et al. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323177 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Actions for axisymmetric potentialsPreprint
Binney, J. (2012) · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A RADIAL AGE GRADIENT IN THE GEOMETRICALLY THICK DISK OF THE MILKY WAY
Martig, M., Minchev, I., Ness, M., Fouesneau, M., & Rix, H. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/831/2/139 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The relation between galaxy morphology and colour in the EAGLE simulation
Correa, C. A., Schaye, J., Clauwens, B., Bower, R. G., Crain, R. A., Schaller, M., Theuns, T., & Thob, A. C. R. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slx133 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The halo’s ancient metal-rich progenitor revealed with BHB stars
Lancaster, L., Koposov, S. E., Belokurov, V. A., Evans, N. W., & Deason, A. J. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz853 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
APOGEE Chemical Abundances of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy
Hasselquist, S., Shetrone, M. D., Smith, V. V., Holtzman, J. A., McWilliam, A., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., Beers, T. C., Majewski, S. R., Nidever, D. L., Tang, B., et al. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ddc · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationFast Estimation of Orbital Parameters in Milky Way-like Potentials
Mackereth, J. T., & Bovy, J. (2018) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aadcdd · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationGalactic Halo Stars in Phase Space: A Hint of Satellite Accretion?
Brook, C. B., Kawata, D., Gibson, B. K., & Flynn, C. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/374306 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Schuster, W. J., Moreno, E., Nissen, P. E., & Pichardo, B. (2011) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1111.4026 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Deep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars
Prieto, C. A., Fernández-Alvar, E., Schlesinger, K. J., Lee, Y. S., Morrison, H. L., Schneider, D. P., Beers, T. C., Bizyaev, D., Ebelke, G., Malanushenko, E., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424053 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationThe origin of diverse α-element abundances in galaxy discs
Mackereth, J., Crain, R., Schiavon, R., Schaye, J., Theuns, T., & Schaller, M. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty972 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationHogg, D. W., Blanton, M. R., Roweis, S. T., et al. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/431572 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Fernández-Alvar, E., Carigi, L., Schuster, W. J., Hayes, C. R., Ávila-Vergara, N., Majewski, S. R., Allende Prieto, C., Beers, T. C., Sánchez, S. F., Zamora, O., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9ced · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationRed giants in the Small Magellanic Cloud – II. Metallicity gradient and age–metallicity relation
Dobbie, P. D., Cole, A. A., Subramaniam, A., et al. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu926 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Smoothed Particle Magnetohydrodynamics - IV. Using the vector potential
Price, D. J. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15763.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Size matters: abundance matching, galaxy sizes, and the Tully–Fisher relation in EAGLE
Ferrero, I., Navarro, J. F., Abadi, M. G., Sales, L. V., Bower, R. G., Crain, R. A., Frenk, C. S., Schaller, M., Schaye, J., & Theuns, T. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2691 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Deep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars
Fernández-Alvar, E., Prieto, C. A., Schlesinger, K. J., Beers, T. C., Robin, A. C., Schneider, D. P., Lee, Y. S., Bizyaev, D., Ebelke, G., Malanushenko, E., et al. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425455 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep SDSS optical spectroscopy of distant halo stars II. Iron, calcium, and magnesium abundancesPreprint
Fernández-Alvar, E., Prieto, C. A., Schlesinger, K. J., Beers, T. C., Robin, A. C., Schneider, D. P., Lee, Y. S., Bizyaev, D., Ebelke, G., Malanushenko, E., et al. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.04362 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationThe innate origin of radial and vertical gradients in a simulated galaxy disc
Navarro, J. F., Yozin, C., Loewen, N. B., Benítez-Llambay, A., Fattahi, A., Frenk, C. S., Oman, K. A., Schaye, J., & Theuns, T. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty497 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kinematical structure of the Magellanic System
van der Marel, R. P., Kallivayalil, N., & Besla, G. (2008) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921308028299 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The metal-rich halo tail extended in | z |: a characterization with Gaia DR2 and APOGEE
Fernández-Alvar, E., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., Moreno, E., Schuster, W. J., Carigi, L., Recio-Blanco, A., Beers, T. C., Chiappini, C., Anders, F., Santiago, B. X., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1299 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMETALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF FOUR LOCAL GROUP DWARF GALAXIES
Ross, T. L., Holtzman, J., Saha, A., et al. (2015) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/6/198 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 12
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- Fernández-Alvar E., et al., 2018a, preprint, ( arXiv:1807.07269 ) · arXiv
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- Helmi A., Babusiaux C., Koppelman H. H., Massari D., Veljanoski J., Brown A. G. A., 2018, preprint, ( arXiv:1806.06038 ) · arXiv
- Lancaster L., Koposov S. E., Belokurov V., Evans N. W., Deason A. J., 2018, preprint, ( arXiv:1807.04290 ) · arXiv
- Mackereth J. T., Bovy J., 2018, preprint, ( arXiv:1802.02592 ) · arXiv
- Martig M., Minchev I., Ness M., Fouesneau M., Rix H.-W., 2016a, preprint, ( arXiv:1609.01168 ) · arXiv
- Myeong G. C., Evans N. W., Belokurov V., Sanders J. L., Koposov S. E., 2018a, preprint, ( arXiv:1805.00453 ) · arXiv
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evidence for two early accretion events that built the Milky Way stellar halo
Myeong, G. C., Vasiliev, E., Iorio, G., Evans, N. W., & Belokurov, V (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1770 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Uncovering the birth of the Milky Way through accurate stellar ages with Gaia
Gallart, C., Bernard, E. J., Brook, C. B., Ruiz-Lara, T., Cassisi, S., Hill, V., & Monelli, M. (2019) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0829-5 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Chevance, M., Bonaca, A., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Bastian, N., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Hughes, M. E. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2452 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
“There is clear evidence that the accretion history of the Milky Way is atypical for a galaxy of its mass (e.g. Deason et al. 2016; Belokurov et al. 2018; Kruijssen et al. 2019b; Mackereth et al. 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDi Matteo, P., Haywood, M., Lehnert, M. D., Katz, D., Khoperskov, S., Snaith, O. N., Gómez, A., & Robichon, N. (2019) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834929 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Reverse engineering the Milky Way
Forbes, D. A. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa245 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The shape of the Galactic halo with<i>Gaia</i>DR2 RR Lyrae. Anatomy of an ancient major merger
Iorio, G., & Belokurov, V. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2806 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mackereth, J. T., Schiavon, R. P., Pfeffer, J., Hayes, C. R., Bovy, J., Anguiano, B., Prieto, C. A., Hasselquist, S., Holtzman, J., Johnson, J. A., Majewski, S. R., O’Connell, R., Shetrone, M., Tissera, P. B., & Fernández-Trincado, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- University of Utah (US)
- New Mexico State University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA
- McDonald Observatory (US)
- Universidad Andrés Bello (CL)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Mackereth, J Ted
- ORCID
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-11-01
- Volume
- 482
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 3426-3442
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2886058984
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 17.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional Académico , Sistema de Bibliotecas Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB) (Universidad Andrés Bello (UNAB)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- European Research Council (ERC-CoG-646928-Multi-Pop)
- National Science Foundation (DGE-1315231)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2015-05235)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- stellar halo, Milky Way, APOGEE, Gaia, EAGLE simulation, chemical abundances
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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