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Macroscopic plasma analysis from 1D-radial kinetic results of a Hall thruster discharge

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Marín-Cebrián, Alberto, Domínguez-Vázquez, Adrián, Fajardo, Pablo, Ahedo, Eduardo·2021·Plasma Sources Science and Technology
DOI 10.1088/1361-6595/ac325e
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Abstract

A radial particle-in-cell model of the weakly-collisional plasma discharge in a Hall thruster, provides the non-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions (VDF) of ions and electrons. The model considers a radial magnetic field, secondary electron emission from the two walls, and phenomenological models of anomalous electron scattering. The electron VDF is used to assess the different terms in the macroscopic momentum and energy equations, identifying those differing from the standard fluid model for a near-Maxwellian VDF. The pressure tensor consists of an anisotropic gyrotropic part and a small gyroviscous part. Nonetheless, the gradient of this last one affects the cross-field electron current density, generating radial undulations that resemble those reported for near-wall conductivity. A gyroviscous energy flux is identified too. The heat flux parallel to the magnetic lines does not follow a conductive-type law but a convective-type one, already found in other weakly-collisional plasmas. The tails of the electron velocity distribution function are partially depleted due to wall collection, leading to reduced electron fluxes of particles and energy, which are characterized with parameters useful for fluid models. Differences in the plasma response for annular and planar channel geometries are highlighted. The levels of replenishment of the electron VDF and of the asymmetries in radial profiles differ for isotropic and anisotropic anomalous scattering models.

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  • Hybrid models feature a kinetic treatment of the ion species (and in some cases of the neutrals as well) so that CEX collisions are correctly captured, and a fluid modeling of the fastest species, the electrons.

    “In fact, they feature a kinetic treatment of the ion species (and in some cases of the neutrals as well) so that CEX collisions are correctly captured, and a fluid modeling of the fastest species, the electrons, which are subject to conservation equations.”

    From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [226]

    The Introduction describes hybrid Hall-thruster codes as using particle-in-cell treatment for ions and neutrals and macroscopic treatment for electrons. It does not say that this treatment correctly captures charge-exchange (CEX) collisions; the collisional-process list in §2 also does not mention CEX. The paper’s own 1D model, described separately in §2, treats electrons kinetically rather than as a fluid. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Hybrid models represent the best compromise in terms of accuracy and computational cost for modeling plasma thruster plume expansion and its interaction with the spacecraft.

    “Hybrid models 225-234 have therefore emerged in this context, as they represent the best compromise in terms of accuracy and computational cost for modeling the plasma thruster plume expansion and its interaction with the spacecraft.”

    From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [226]

    The Introduction says hybrid codes are very suitable for Hall-thruster discharge research because they reduce computational effort by 2–3 orders of magnitude relative to full PIC while accurately characterizing heavy species. It does not establish that they are the best compromise for plume expansion or spacecraft interaction; its discussion concerns the thruster discharge, not the plume. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Marín-Cebrián, A., Domínguez-Vázquez, A., Fajardo, P., & Ahedo, E.
Affiliations
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (ES)
Corresponding author
Marín-Cebrián, Alberto
ORCID
Venue
Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2021-11-01
Volume
30
Issue
11
Pages
115011
ISSN
  • 0963-0252 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6595
DOI
10.1088/1361-6595/ac325e
OpenAlex
W3217276257
Cited by
9
References
4
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3
FWCI
0.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Plasma Sources Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
  • e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Spain’s National Research and Development Plan (PID2019-108034RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
  • PROMETEO-CM project, Comunidad de Madrid/FEDER/FSE (Y2018/NMT-4750)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
Keywords
Hall thruster, weakly collisional plasma, secondary electron emission, electron heat flux, momentum and energy equations

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