Kinetic effects in a Hall thruster discharge
Abstract
Recent analytical studies and particle-in-cell simulations suggested that the electron velocity distribution function in E×B discharge of annular geometry Hall thrusters is non-Maxwellian and anisotropic. The average kinetic energy of electron motion in the direction parallel to the thruster channel walls (across the magnetic field) is several times larger than that in the direction normal to the walls. Electrons are stratified into several groups depending on their origin (e.g., plasma or channel walls) and confinement (e.g., lost on the walls or trapped in the plasma). Practical analytical formulas are derived for the plasma flux to the wall, secondary electron fluxes, plasma potential, and electron cross-field conductivity. Calculations based on these formulas fairly agree with the results of numerical simulations. The self-consistent analysis demonstrates that the elastic electron scattering in collisions with atoms and ions plays a key role in formation of the electron velocity distribution function and the plasma potential with respect to the walls. It is shown that the secondary electron emission from the walls may significantly enhance the electron conductivity across the magnetic field but only weakly affects the insulating properties of the near-wall sheath. Such self-consistent decoupling between the secondary electron emission effects on the electron energy losses and the electron cross-field transport is currently not captured by the existing fluid and hybrid mod…
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Hybrid models represent the best compromise in terms of accuracy and computational cost for modeling plasma thruster plume expansion and its interaction with the spacecraft.
“Hybrid models 225-234 have therefore emerged in this context, as they represent the best compromise in terms of accuracy and computational cost for modeling the plasma thruster plume expansion and its interaction with the spacecraft.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [230]
Hybrid models feature a kinetic treatment of the ion species (and in some cases of the neutrals as well) so that CEX collisions are correctly captured, and a fluid modeling of the fastest species, the electrons.
“In fact, they feature a kinetic treatment of the ion species (and in some cases of the neutrals as well) so that CEX collisions are correctly captured, and a fluid modeling of the fastest species, the electrons, which are subject to conservation equations.”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [230]
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Wang, H., Campanell, M. D., Kaganovich, I., & Cai, G. (2014) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3727/47/40/405204 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationParallel transport of long mean-free-path plasma along open magnetic field lines: Parallel heat flux
Guo, Z., & Tang, X.-Z. (2012) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4725494 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Duan, P., Qin, H.-J., Xin-Wei, Z., Cao, A., Chen, L., & Gao, H. J. (2014) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/23/7/075203 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Habl, L. T. C., Rafalskyi, D., & Lafleur, T. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0048447 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Macroscopic plasma analysis from 1D-radial kinetic results of a Hall thruster discharge
Marín-Cebrián, A., Domínguez-Vázquez, A., Fajardo, P., & Ahedo, E. (2021) · Plasma Sources Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ac325e · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cagaš, P., Hakim, A. H., & Srinivasan, B. (2019) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109215 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Verma, D., & Malik, H. K. (2023) · Vacuum · doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112866 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Customizable two-species kinetic equilibria for nonuniform low-beta plasmas
Vogman, G. V., Hammer, J. H., & Farmer, W. A. (2019) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.5089465 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
On the electron sheath theory and its applications in plasma–surface interactions
Sun, G., Zhang, S., Sun, A., & Zhang, G. (2022) · Plasma Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-6272/ac6aa7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
An Electron Trap for Studying Cross-Field Mobility in Hall Thrusters
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The Effect of Magnetic Mirror on Near Wall Conductivity in Hall Thrusters
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Electron kinetic effects and beam related instabilities in Hall thrusters
Sydorenko, D., Smolyakov, A. I., Kaganovich, I., & Raitses, Y. (2008) · IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) · doi:10.1109/plasma.2008.4591157 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of magnetic field on the secondary electron asymmetry effect in capacitively coupled plasmas
Yang, S., Zhang, T., Lin, H., Wu, H., & Zhang, Q. (2021) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0068101 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Magnetic field tailoring effects on ion beam properties in cylindrical Hall thrusters
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Fully kinetic 2D{r,theta} model of a Hall discharge
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Special Issue on Plasma Propulsion
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Self-citationShashkov, A., Tyushev, M., Lovtsov, A. S., Tomilin, D. A., & Kravchenko, D. A. (2022) · Plasma Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-6272/ac59e1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gas-kinetic scheme for partially ionized plasma in hydrodynamic regime
Pu, Z., Liu, C., & Xu, K. (2024) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2024.112905 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Azimuthal ion dynamics at the inner pole of an axisymmetric Hall thruster
Roberts, P. J., Chaplin, V. H., & Jorns, B. (2024) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0214477 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Calculation of nonlocal EDF using a one-dimensional Boltzmann equation solver
Yuan, C., Yao, J., Bogdanov, E. A., Kudryavtsev, A. A., Rabadanov, K. M., & Zhou, Z. (2019) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.5082698 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kaganovich, I. D., Raitses, Y., Sydorenko, D., & Smolyakov, A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Venue
- Physics of Plasmas
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2007-05-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 1070-664X (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7674
- OpenAlex
- W1965192368
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physics of Plasmas (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Science
- Fusion Energy Sciences
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Keywords
- Hall thruster, electron velocity distribution, non-Maxwellian distribution, secondary electron emission, plasma-wall interaction, plasma electric potential, electron scattering, electron energy loss
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