2D axial-azimuthal particle-in-cell benchmark for low-temperature partially magnetized plasmas
Open accessAbstract
The increasing need to demonstrate the correctness of computer simulations has highlighted the importance of benchmarks. We define in this paper a representative simulation case to study low-temperature partially-magnetized plasmas. Seven independently developed particle-in-cell codes have simulated this benchmark case, with the same specified conditions. The characteristics of the codes used, such as implementation details or computing times and resources, are given. First, we compare at steady-state the time-averaged axial profiles of three main discharge parameters (axial electric field, ion density and electron temperature). We show that the results obtained exhibit a very good agreement within 5% between all the codes. As E × B discharges are known to cause instabilities propagating in the direction of electron drift, an analysis of these instabilities is then performed and a similar behaviour is retrieved between all the codes. A particular attention has been paid to the numerical convergence by varying the number of macroparticles per cell and we show that the chosen benchmark case displays a good convergence. Detailed outputs are given in the supplementary data, to be used by other similar codes in the perspective of code verification.
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Three-dimensional ES PIC simulations of a HT have shown ECDI but with fluctuations amplitude typically one order of magnitude smaller than in 2D simulations, close to Thomson scattering measurements.
“Preliminary analyses have shown the existence of the ECDI but whose fluctuations amplitude is typically one order of magnitude smaller than in 2D simulations, close to the estimations built with Thomson scattering measurements 107 .”
From Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
The Conclusion (page unavailable) reports a strong kinetic instability in the paper’s 2D PIC benchmark, and §4.2 discusses ECDI. The copy does not report a 3D simulation finding, a tenfold reduction in fluctuation amplitude relative to 2D, or a comparison with Thomson-scattering measurements. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physics of E <b>×</b> B discharges relevant to plasma propulsion and similar technologies
Kaganovich, I. D., Smolyakov, A., Raitses, Y., Ahedo, E., Mikellides, I. G., Jorns, B., Taccogna, F., Gueroult, R., Tsikata, S., Bourdon, A., et al. (2020) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0010135 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“204 The results obtained for this benchmark show good agreement between the different codes from several groups.”
Self-citationCross-field electron diffusion due to the coupling of drift-driven microinstabilities
Hara, K., & Tsikata, S. (2020) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.102.023202 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationPlasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms
Taccogna, F., Cichocki, F., Eremin, D., Fubiani, G., & Garrigues, L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0153862 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Charoy, T., Boeuf, J. P., Bourdon, A., Carlsson, J. A., Chabert, P., Cuenot, B., Eremin, D., Garrigues, L., Hara, K., Kaganovich, I. D., Powis, A. T., Smolyakov, A., Sydorenko, D., Tavant, A., Vermorel, O., & Villafana, W.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- RadiaSoft (United States) (US)
- Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (FR)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Charoy, T
- ORCID
- Venue
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2019-10-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 105010
- ISSN
- 0963-0252 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6595
- OpenAlex
- W2976591829
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plasma Sources Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-TR 87)
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-15-1-0226)
- Fusion Energy Sciences (DESC0019045)
- Princeton University Program
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CHIN-0003-01)
- Safran Aircraft Engines
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Keywords
- partially magnetized plasma, non-thermal plasma, code verification, numerical convergence, axial electric field, ion density, electron temperature
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