Cited by 38Conducting polymers and applicationsNeuroscience and Neural EngineeringElectrochemical Analysis and Applications

Methods of poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) electrodeposition on metal electrodes for neural stimulation and recording

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Niederhoffer, Thomas, Vanhoestenberghe, Anne, Lancashire, Henry T·2023·Journal of Neural Engineering

Abstract

Conductive polymers are of great interest in the field of neural electrodes because of their potential to improve the interfacial properties of electrodes. In particular, the conductive polymer poly (3,4)-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) has been widely studied for neural applications. Objective: This review compares methods for electrodeposition of PEDOT on metal neural electrodes, and analyses the effects of deposition methods on morphology and electrochemical performance. Approach: Electrochemical performances were analysed against several deposition method choices, including deposition charge density and co-ion, and correlations were explained to morphological and structural arguments as well as characterisation methods choices. Main results: Coating thickness and charge storage capacity are positively correlated with PEDOT electrodeposition charge density. We also show that PEDOT coated electrode impedance at 1 kHz, the only consistently reported impedance quantity, is strongly dependent upon electrode radius across a wide range of studies, because PEDOT coatings reduces the reactance of the complex impedance, conferring a more resistive behaviour to electrodes (at 1 kHz) dominated by the solution resistance and electrode geometry. This review also summarises how PEDOT co-ion choice affects coating structure and morphology and shows that co-ions notably influence the charge injection limit but have a limited influence on charge storage capacity and impedance. Finally we discuss the possible influence of characterisation methods to assess the robustness of comparisons between published results using different methods of characterisation. Significance: This review aims to serve as a common basis for researchers working with PEDOT by showing the effects of deposition methods on electrochemical performance, and aims to set a standard for accurate and uniform reporting of methods.

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Authors
Niederhoffer, T., Vanhoestenberghe, A., & Lancashire, H. T.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Lancashire, Henry T
Venue
Journal of Neural Engineering
Published
2023-01-31
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
011002
ISSN
  • 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
  • 1741-2560
OpenAlex
W4313537261
Cited by
38
References
194
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 4
FWCI
0.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Electrochemistry › Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Keywords
PEDOT, electrodeposition, neural electrodes, conducting polymers, co-ion effects, coating morphology, electrode impedance, charge storage capacity, charge injection limit, metal electrodes, neurostimulation, neural recording
MeSH terms
Electrodes, Electroplating, Polymers, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Coated Materials, Biocompatible

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