Hybrid electro-optical stimulation of the rat sciatic nerve induces force generation in the plantarflexor muscles
Open accessAbstract
Objective. Optical methods of neural activation are becoming important tools for the study and treatment of neurological disorders. Infrared nerve stimulation (INS) is an optical technique exhibiting spatially precise activation in the native neural system. While this technique shows great promise, the risk of thermal damage may limit some applications. Combining INS with traditional electrical stimulation, a method known as hybrid electro-optical stimulation, reduces the laser power requirements and mitigates the risk of thermal damage while maintaining spatial selectivity. Here we investigate the capability of inducing force generation in the rat hind limb through hybrid stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Approach. Hybrid stimulation was achieved by combining an optically transparent nerve cuff for electrical stimulation and a diode laser coupled to an optical fiber for infrared stimulation. Force generation in the rat plantarflexor muscles was measured in response to hybrid stimulation with 1 s bursts of pulses at 15 and 20 Hz and with a burst frequency of 0.5 Hz. Main results. Forces were found to increase with successive stimulus trains, ultimately reaching a plateau by the 20th train. Hybrid evoked forces decayed at a rate similar to the rate of thermal diffusion in tissue. Preconditioning the nerve with an optical stimulus resulted in an increase in the force response to both electrical and hybrid stimulation. Histological evaluation showed no signs of thermally induced morphological changes following hybrid stimulation. Our results indicate that an increase in baseline temperature is a likely contributor to hybrid force generation. Significance. Extraneural INS of peripheral nerves at physiologically relevant repetition rates is possible using hybrid electro-optical stimulation.
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Recent studies with rats combining peripheral nerve electrodes and infrared nerve stimulation yielded good results in generating sustained muscle contractions, and demonstrated a decrease in required optical energy when infrared nerve stimulation was combined with electrical methods.
“This method yielded good results in generating sustained muscle contractions [141], and it demonstrated the decrease in required optical energy when infrared nerve stimulation was combined with electrical methods [142].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
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Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review
Yildiz, K. A., Shin, A. Y., & Kaufman, K. R. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00667-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“This method yielded good results in generating sustained muscle contractions [141], and it demonstrated the decrease in required optical energy when infrared nerve stimulation was combined with electrical methods [142].”
MethodOptical Stimulation of Neurons
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“A variety of standard silica core fibres have been used with a range of diameters, including for example, 600 μm [54, 57], 400 μm [56, 77], 200 μm [69] and”
BackgroundOptical stimulation of neural tissue
Richardson, R. T., Ibbotson, M. R., Thompson, A. C., Wise, A. K., & Fallon, J. B. (2020) · Healthcare Technology Letters · doi:10.1049/htl.2019.0114 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Duke, A. R., Peterson, E., Mackanos, M. A., Atkinson, J., Tyler, D., & Jansen, E. D.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2012-11-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 066006
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC4533122
- OpenAlex
- W2080333313
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS047073, NS047073)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- sciatic nerve, plantar flexor muscles, muscle force production, thermal damage, diode laser, peripheral nerve stimulation, thermal diffusion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Temperature, Electric Stimulation, Electromyography, Infrared Rays, Male, Muscle Contraction, Photic Stimulation, Sciatic Nerve, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, Rats
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