Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo
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Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have shown that this ratio is increased to nearly 6:1 by combining the infrared pulse with a subthreshold electrical stimulus. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between the subthreshold depolarizing electrical stimulus and additional optical energy required to reach stimulation threshold. The change in optical threshold decreases linearly as the delay between the electrical and optical pulses is increased. We have shown that the high spatial precision of INS is maintained for this combined stimulation modality. Results of this study will facilitate the development of applications for infrared neural stimulation, as well as target the efforts to uncover the mechanism by which infrared light activates neural tissue.
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Recent studies with rats combining peripheral nerve electrodes and infrared nerve stimulation yielded good results in generating sustained muscle contractions, and demonstrated a decrease in required optical energy when infrared nerve stimulation was combined with electrical methods.
“This method yielded good results in generating sustained muscle contractions [141], and it demonstrated the decrease in required optical energy when infrared nerve stimulation was combined with electrical methods [142].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Duke, A. R., Cayce, J. M., Malphrus, J. D., Konrad, P., Mahadevan-Jansen, A., & Jansen, E. D.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt Univ.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2009-11-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 1-3
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- PMC
- PMC2789115
- OpenAlex
- W2027775743
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052407)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
- Keywords
- infrared neural stimulation, radiant exposure, neurostimulation, pulse delay, spatial precision
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Infrared Rays, Male, Models, Neurological, Nerve Tissue, Photic Stimulation, Sciatic Nerve, Sensory Thresholds, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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