Optogenetic interrogation of neural circuits: technology for probing mammalian brain structures
Open accessAbstract
Elucidation of the neural substrates underlying complex animal behaviors depends on precise activity control tools, as well as compatible readout methods. Recent developments in optogenetics have addressed this need, opening up new possibilities for systems neuroscience. Interrogation of even deep neural circuits can be conducted by directly probing the necessity and sufficiency of defined circuit elements with millisecond-scale, cell type-specific optical perturbations, coupled with suitable readouts such as electrophysiology, optical circuit dynamics measures and freely moving behavior in mammals. Here we collect in detail our strategies for delivering microbial opsin genes to deep mammalian brain structures in vivo, along with protocols for integrating the resulting optical control with compatible readouts (electrophysiological, optical and behavioral). The procedures described here, from initial virus preparation to systems-level functional readout, can be completed within 4-5 weeks. Together, these methods may help in providing circuit-level insight into the dynamics underlying complex mammalian behaviors in health and disease.
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Through tissue-specific expression and local stimulation of light-activated proteins, distinct neural circuits can be rapidly activated or inhibited without affecting neighboring cells.
“Through tissue-specific expression and local stimulation of light-activated proteins, distinct neural circuits can therefore be rapidly activated or inhibited without affecting neighboring cells 102,103.”
From DISSECTING OCD CIRCUITS: FROM ANIMAL MODELS TO TARGETED TREATMENTS: Review: Dissecting OCD Circuits: Animals to Treatments (2015) · cites this paper as [102]
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- Authors
- Zhang, F., Gradinaru, V., Adamantidis, A. R., Durand, R., Airan, R. D., de Lecea, L., & Deisseroth, K.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deisseroth, Karl
- Venue
- Nature Protocols
- Published
- 2010-02-18
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 439-456
- ISSN
- 1750-2799 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-2189
- PMC
- PMC4503465
- OpenAlex
- W2115859705
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 24.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Protocols (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD000616)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS059160, K99NS065009)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- optogenetics, neural circuits, microbial opsins, viral gene delivery, deep brain structures, mammalian behavior, electrophysiology, systems neuroscience
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cell Line, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Mammals, Nerve Net, Rhodopsin, Protein Engineering, Gene Expression, Mice, Rats, Optical Phenomena, Electrophysiological Phenomena, In Vitro Techniques
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