HYDROGEN GREENHOUSE PLANETS BEYOND THE HABITABLE ZONE
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We show that collision-induced absorption allows molecular hydrogen to act as an incondensible greenhouse gas and that bars or tens of bars of primordial H 2 –He mixtures can maintain surface temperatures above the freezing point of water well beyond the "classical" habitable zone defined for CO 2 greenhouse atmospheres. Using a one-dimensional radiative–convective model, we find that 40 bars of pure H 2 on a three Earth-mass planet can maintain a surface temperature of 280 K out to 1.5 AU from an early-type M dwarf star and 10 AU from a G-type star. Neglecting the effects of clouds and of gaseous absorbers besides H 2 , the flux at the surface would be sufficient for photosynthesis by cyanobacteria (in the G star case) or anoxygenic phototrophs (in the M star case). We argue that primordial atmospheres of one to several hundred bars of H 2 –He are possible and use a model of hydrogen escape to show that such atmospheres are likely to persist further than 1.5 AU from M stars, and 2 AU from G stars, assuming these planets have protecting magnetic fields. We predict that the microlensing planet OGLE-05-390Lb could have retained an H 2 –He atmosphere and be habitable at ∼2.6 AU from its host M star.
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A 40 bar H2-He atmosphere can push the outer limit of the habitable zone out to 10 AU for a 3-Earth-mass planet around a solar-type star.
“A 40 bar H2-He atmosphere can push the outer limit of the habitable zone out to 10 AU for a 3-Earth-mass planet around a solar-type star.”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011)
Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011) suggested a H2-He greenhouse habitable zone for hypothetical planets with very thick atmospheres.
“Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011) suggested a H2-He greenhouse habitable zone for hypothetical planets with very thick atmospheres (these atmospheres may be accreted during planet formation).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011)
For such H2-He greenhouse planets, only the stability of surface oceans has been considered; other criteria for habitability have not yet been considered.
“However, only the stability of surface oceans has been considered for such planets; other criteria for habitability have not yet been considered.”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011)
The low molecular weight of hydrogen makes it susceptible to loss to space when stellar charged particles and UV radiation heat the upper atmosphere, but Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011) suggested that thick hydrogen atmospheres may be stable on Earth-sized planets greater than 2 AU away from solar-type stars.
“The low molecular weight of hydrogen makes it susceptible to loss to space when stellar charged particles and UV radiation heat the upper atmosphere, but Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011) suggested that thick hydrogen atmospheres may be stable on Earth-sized planets greater than 2 AU away from solar-type stars.”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Pierrehumbert and Gaidos (2011)
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Chicxulub impact winter sustained by fine silicate dust
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Pierrehumbert, R., & Gaidos, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2011-05-19
- Volume
- 734
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L13
- ISSN
- 2041-8205 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-8213
- OpenAlex
- W2096512653
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 12.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- molecular hydrogen, collision-induced absorption, habitable zone, exoplanet atmospheres, primordial atmosphere, M dwarfs, G-type stars, hydrogen escape, surface temperature, photosynthesis
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