HO 2 •: The Forgotten Radical

de Grey, Aubrey D.N.J.

doi:10.1089/104454902753759672

Cited by 279Redox biology and oxidative stressAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressFree Radicals and Antioxidants

HO 2 •: The Forgotten Radical

de Grey, Aubrey D.N.J.·2002·DNA and Cell Biology

DOI 10.1089/104454902753759672

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Abstract

HO2*, usually termed either hydroperoxyl radical or perhydroxyl radical, is the protonated form of superoxide; the protonation/deprotonation equilibrium exhibits a pK(a) of around 4.8. Consequently, about 0.3% of any superoxide present in the cytosol of a typical cell is in the protonated form. This ratio is rather accurately reflected by the published literature on the two species, as identified by a PubMed search; at the time of writing only 28 articles mention "HO2," "hydroperoxyl" or "perhydroxyl" in their titles, as against 9228 mentioning superoxide. Here it is argued that this correlation is not justifiable: that HO2*'s biological and biomedical importance far exceeds the attention it has received. Several key observations of recent years are reviewed that can be explained much more economically when the participation of HO2* is postulated. It is suggested that a more widespread appreciation of the possible role of HO2* in biological systems would be of considerable benefit to biomedical research.

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Under physiological conditions, the vast majority of superoxide radical is present as the radical anion O2·−, and approximately only 0.6% exists in the protonated form as hydroperoxyl radical HOO· (pKa = 4.8).
“Under physiological conditions, a vast majority of superoxide radical is present in the form of the radical anion (O2·−), and approximately only 0.6% exists in the protonated form as hydroperoxyl radical HOO· (pKa = 4.8); O2·− is the conjugate base of a weak acid HOO· (de Grey 2002)1”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as de Grey 2002

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Authors: de Grey, A. D. N. J.
Affiliations: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
Venue: DNA and Cell Biology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2002-04
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 251-257
ISSN: 1044-5498 (ISSN-L)
1557-7430
DOI: 10.1089/104454902753759672
OpenAlex: W2126927915
Cited by: 279
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 0.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations: DNA and Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Keywords: hydroperoxyl radical, superoxide, pKa, reactive oxygen species
MeSH terms: Aging, Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Peroxides, Superoxides

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HO 2 •: The Forgotten Radical

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