Epidemiology and prevention of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Vanderpump, Mark P. J.; Tunbridge, W. Michael G.

doi:10.1089/105072502761016458

Cited by 347Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Epidemiology and prevention of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Vanderpump, Mark P. J., Tunbridge, W. Michael G.·2002·Thyroid

DOI 10.1089/105072502761016458

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Abstract

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. In persons living in iodine-replete areas, causes are congenital, spontaneous because of chronic autoimmune disease (atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis [Hashimoto's thyroiditis]), or iatrogenic because of goitrogens, drugs, or destructive treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism exists and its use prevents mental retardation. The prevalence of spontaneous hypothyroidism is between 1% and 2% and is more common in older women and 10 times more common in women than in men. A significant proportion of subjects have asymptomatic chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and 8% of women (10% of women over 55 years of age) and 3% of men have subclinical hypothyroidism. Approximately one third of patients with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism have received destructive therapy for hyperthyroidism and indefinite surveillance is required. There is not much that can be done to prevent the occurrence of spontaneous autoimmune hypothyroidism, but if identified early, something can be done to prevent progression to overt disease. Controversy exists as to whether healthy adults would benefit from screening for autoimmune thyroid disease because a significant proportion of subjects tested will have evidence of mild thyroid failure. Case finding in women at menopause or visiting a primary care physician with nonspecific symptoms appears justified.

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The prevalence of hypothyroidism in North America and Europe ranges from 0.3% to 2%.
“The prevalence in North America and Europe ranges from 0.3%to2%, 3-5 but may affect up to 12% of the population, primarily as subclinical hypothyroidism,withhigherprevalenceinareaswith inadequate nutritional iodine levels. 2,6”
From Hypothyroidism: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [4]

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Authors: Vanderpump, M. P. J., & Tunbridge, W. M. G.
Affiliations: The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
Venue: Thyroid
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 12
Issue: 10
Pages: 839-847
ISSN: 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
1557-9077
DOI: 10.1089/105072502761016458
OpenAlex: W2130124581
Cited by: 347
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 3.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations: Thyroid (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, congenital hypothyroidism screening, prevalence, sex differences, menopause, prevention
MeSH terms: Humans, Hypothyroidism, Mass Screening, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence

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Epidemiology and prevention of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism.

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