Virtual reality intervention for older women with breast cancer
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the effects of a virtual reality distraction intervention on chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in 16 women aged 50 and older. A cross-over design was used to answer the following research questions: (1) Is virtual reality an effective distraction intervention for reducing chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in older women with breast cancer? (2) Does virtual reality have a lasting effect? Chemotherapy treatments are intensive and difficult to endure. One way to cope with chemotherapy-related symptom distress is through the use of distraction. For this study, a head-mounted display (Sony PC Glasstron PLM - S700) was used to display encompassing images and block competing stimuli during chemotherapy infusions. The Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were used to measure symptom distress. For two matched chemotherapy treatments, one pre-test and two post-test measures were employed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment and received no distraction intervention (control condition) during an alternate chemotherapy treatment. Analysis using paired t-tests demonstrated a significant decrease in the SAI (p = 0.10) scores immediately following chemotherapy treatments when participants used VR. No significant changes were found in SDS or PFS values. There was a consistent trend toward improved symptoms on all measures 48 h following completion of chemotherapy. Evaluation of the intervention indicated that women thought the head mounted device was easy to use, they experienced no cybersickness, and 100% would use VR again.
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It was found to be acceptable and safe to use across several settings including inpatient, outpatient and day care.
“Also consistent, it was found to be acceptable and safe to use across several settings including inpatient, outpatient and day care.17–19 65–67”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results report that women receiving outpatient chemotherapy found the headset easy to use, reported no cybersickness, and would use VR again. The Methods place the study in an outpatient clinic; this paper does not establish acceptability or safety in inpatient or day-care settings. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResearch has highlighted benefits in chemotherapy populations in particular, with reduction of fatigue, anxiety, symptom distress and perception of time.
“Research17–19 has highlighted benefits in chemotherapy populations in particular, with reduction of fatigue, anxiety, symptom distress and perception of time.”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results report reduced state anxiety and a changed perception of time: participants estimated 43 minutes of VR use versus 78 minutes recorded. Fatigue and symptom-distress scores were lower with VR, but neither reduction was statistically significant. Thus this study does not establish reductions in all four outcomes attributed to the cited research. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNew technologies were found to be favourable regardless of age, background or gender in wider literature.
“This is consistent with wider literature in which new technologies were also found to be favourable, in their case, regardless of age, background or gender.17 65”
From SafeSpace: what is the feasibility and acceptability of a codesigned virtual reality intervention, incorporating compassionate mind training, to support people undergoing cancer treatment in a clinical setting? (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Discussion (page not specified) reports positive responses to VR among older women with breast cancer, supporting the favourable-reception part of the claim. The Methods describe a sample of 16 women aged 50–77; the paper does not establish that reception was favourable regardless of age, background, or gender. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHeart rate is a physiological surrogate for anxiety and distress.
“using heart rate as a physiological surrogate for anxiety and distress.12”
From Impacts of Intrafraction Virtual Reality-Based Environment Modification on Procedural Anxiety, Heart Rate, and Overall Radiation Therapy Experience During External Beam Radiation Therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
The Materials and Methods section describes questionnaire measures of anxiety and symptom distress, including the State-Anxiety Inventory and Symptom Distress Scale. Searches for heart rate, pulse, and physiological measures found no passage saying that heart rate is a surrogate for anxiety or distress. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Pediatric Art Preferences: Countering the “One-Size-Fits-All” Approach
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An evaluation of a computer‐imaging program to prepare women for chemotherapy‐related alopecia
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Virtual Reality and Stress Management: A Systematic Review
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Interactive gaming reduces experimental pain with or without a head mounted display
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Evidence-based art in the hospital
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Application of virtual reality for supportive care in cancer patients: a systematic review
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Preferences for Photographic Art Among Hospitalized Patients With Cancer
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A Survey: Virtual Reality Model for Medical Diagnosis
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Benefits of Nature Imagery and Visual Art in Healthcare Contexts: A View from Empirical Aesthetics
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Development and Usability of a Virtual Reality-Based Filler Injection Training System
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Art as contextual element in improving hospital patients’ well-being: A scoping review
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Video Games for Positive Aging: Playfully Engaging Older Adults
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La realidad virtual en las intervenciones psicológicas con pacientes oncológicos
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Kanser Hastalarının Ağrı ve Kaygı Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçeklik Teknolojisi Kullanımı
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Réalité virtuelle pour la relaxation avant les soins
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- Authors
- Schneider, S. M., Ellis, M., Coombs, W. T., Shonkwiler, E. L., & Folsom, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Schneider, Susan M.
- Venue
- CyberPsychology & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 301-307
- ISSN
- 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8364
- PMC
- PMC3645300
- OpenAlex
- W2098128542
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (1 P20 NR07795-01, P20NR007795)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- virtual reality, breast cancer, older women, chemotherapy, symptom distress, fatigue, anxiety, head-mounted displays, cybersickness, symptom management
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Cognition, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, User-Computer Interface
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